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  • 难度: 使用次数:156 入库时间:2020-11-05
    来源: 福建省厦门第一中学2018-2019学年高三上10月月考英语试题含答案.doc

    Dodder is an unusual and unwanted plant that attacks other plants. Except for its flowers, the plant looks like spaghetti, a kind of noodles in the shape of long thin pieces that look like string when they are cooked. Its almost leafless, thread-like stems hang down on top of other plants that dodder needs to stay alive. Dodder does not produce its own food. Instead, it steals food from other plants. It feeds by sucking juices from the plant which is wrapped around, often making its host very weak or even killing it.

    Dodder can find other plants by their smell. When a young dodder plant starts growing, it follows the smell of plants it prefers, like tomato plants, potato plants, or other farm crops. Unlike most plants that usually grow in the direction of light or warmth, a dodder plant will grow in the direction of, for example, tomato smell--if a tomato happens to be growing nearby.

    However, a young dodder plant must find a host plant quickly. It no longer needs its root once it is attached to the host and wrapped around it. If it cannot catch a smell of a potential host within a few days, it will dry up and vanish even if there is plenty of water around. Once it finds a host, the young dodder plant will attach itself to it and start growing faster. At that point the dodder plant will drop its root.

    Dodder is thus a difficult weed to manage and a real headache for farmers. When it does get out of hand, dodder can greatly reduce a farmer’s harvest or even destroy crops completely. Before sowing their produce, especially farmers in warm parts of the world often check to make sure no unwanted dodder seeds have mixed with their crop seeds. This is a good way to stop dodder plants from making their way to a crop field secretly.

    1. Why does the author mention spaghetti in the first paragraph?

    A. To analyze the content of some food.                           B. To introduce the topic of this passage.

    C. To tell the usage of the dodder plants.                    D. To describe the shape of dodder plants.

    2. What does the underlined word “vanish” in the third paragraph mean?

    A. invade.                           B. grow.                       C. escape.                     D. disappear.

    3. What can be inferred from the passage?

    A. Dodder doesn’t produce its own food.                   B. Dodder gives off smell to attract plants.

    C. Dodder can affect farmers’ income.                       D. Dodder can only survive in the shade.

    4. What is the purpose of the passage?

    A. To introduce a new variety of farm crops.                    

    B. To introduce plan’s that are harmful to humans.

    C. To introduce the special abilities of a dangerous plant.

    D. To introduce recent improvements in farming methods.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:168 入库时间:2020-11-05
    来源: 福建省厦门第一中学2018-2019学年高三上10月月考英语试题含答案.doc

    Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:

    Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the Al, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.

    Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed, Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.

    Scientist C: I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.

    1. What is Scientist B worried about?

    A. AI technology will destroy the earth.                            B. Computers can’t think by themselves.

    C. Robots will take the place of humans.                    D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.

    2. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?

    A. I launched the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.     B. We forget the movie image of a terrifying terminator.

    C. “Murderbots” can’ t decide by themselves.             D. “Murderbots” will be against humans’ orders.

    3. Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?

    A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.

    B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.

    C. “Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.

    D. All the three scientists agree that Al technology will benefit human beings.

    4. Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?

    A. Scientist A.                            B. Scientist B.               C. Scientists B &C               D. Scientists B &A

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:142 入库时间:2020-11-04
    来源: 福建省厦门第六中学2018-2019学年高二年级下学期3月月考英语试题含答案.doc

    Technology is making life easier for some dairy farmers. They use robotic systems to milk their cows. Cows are trained to follow a series of paths that lead to milking stations. Only one cow at a time can enter a station.

    Once inside, the cow is rewarded with food. As the cow eats, a robotic arm cleans and connects the animal to the milking machine. A few minutes later, milking is complete. The gate is opened, the cow is released and the next cow enters.

    The robotic systems are designed to operate 24 hours a day. The cows get to decide when they want to be milked. Cows are milked an average of about three times a day. Some are milked four to six times a day.

    The cows wear collars around their necks that identify them to the system. A computer keeps records on their eating and milking. A cow is released from the station if the computer decides it should not be milked.

    The automated system also measures the temperature and color of freshly produced milk. Milk is thrown away if it does not pass the tests.

    Professor Plaut believes the systems will appeal especially to the next generation of farmers. She means young people who are more interested in technology and less interested in working all the time on the farm. Still, she says the price of robotic milking systems will continue to limit their use.

    Doug and Tina Suhr have more than 100 cows on their family farm. Last year it became the fourth farm in southeast Minnesota to get a robotic milking system. A recent story in a local agricultural newspaper said the first robot cost 175,000 dollars. The second cost 150,000.

    Doug told AgriNews that wages (工资) that would have been paid for one employee in five years will pay for one robot. He says the increase in milk production reaches a high of more than six kilograms per cow per day.

    1. From the first paragraph, we can infer             .

    A. the robotic system is designed to reduce labor B. cows can be raised by robots in the future

    C. robots direct cows into milking stations          D. cows are kept clean by robots on some farms

    2. Why is the robotic system not popular now?

           A. Because young people have no interest in it.   B. Because it is difficult to learn how to use it.

    C. Because people can’t afford to buy it.             D. Because it usually causes the waste of milk.

    3. According to Doug, what is the wage of an employee per year?

    A.150, 000-170,000      B.750, 000                   C.150, 000-30,000        D.30,000-35,000

    4. The best title for the passage may be             .

    A. Letting robot milk your cow                         B. Milking cows by hand

    C. Improving the quality of milk                       D. Drinking fresh milk every day

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:146 入库时间:2020-11-04
    来源: 福建省厦门第二中学2018-2019学年度高二上学期10月月考英语试题含答案.doc

    “A good book might clarify something you knew little about, transform your world view, or move you in ways you didn’t think possible. The Soul of an Octopus (章鱼) delivers on all three,” the magazine New Scientist commented.

    After writing about birds, pigs and tigers, US naturalist St Montgomery decided to choose these many-footed animals as the subject of her latest book, The Soul of an Octopus: a surprising exploration into the wonder of consciousness.

    “Here is animal with poisonous liquid like a snake, a beak () like a parrot, and ink like an old-fashioned pen. It can weigh as much as a man and extend as long as a car, yet it can pour its baggy; boneless body through an opening the size of all orange. It can change color and shape. It has a tongue covered with teeth. It can taste with its skin.” Montgomery explained to the National Geographic on why octopuses inspired her.

    What Montgomery is able to show in The Soul of an Octopus is that octopuses are creatures who exhibit personality, intelligence and emotion, despite having nervous, systems completely different from our own. She uses different experiments to show that they possess consciousness as well as individual personalities. For example, based on her research, she finds out that Octavia, an octopus caught in the wild, is friendly and good at multi-tasking. And Kali, anther octopus, who has been living at the New England Aquarium, is playful and loves exploring.

    Montgomery is a good storyteller. Through her study of, and communication with the extraordinary creatures she shares what she learns from both science and her experiences. Her skillful writing presents facts together with personal description, which makes the book very informative but easy to read.

    1. Why is The Soul of an Octopus thought highly of?

    A. it is themed with a many-footed animal. 

    B. It mainly explores consciousness and wonders.

    C. It compares octopuses with birds, pigs and tigers.

    D. if offers new knowledge and changes your viewpoints.

    2. Octopuses impress Montgomery greatly because        

    A. they have unique physical functioning 

    B. their liquid can be used as good ink

    C. they behave more like shakes and parrots 

    D. their body can be shrunk to the size of a orange

    3. What does Montgomery think of octopuses according to Paragraph 4?

    A. They are friendly with each other.

    B. They are similar to humans in a way.

    C. They communicate with humans well. 

    D. They have different nature from humans.

    4. Which of the following best describes the book?

    A. Vivid but unreal.

    B. Scientific and readable.

    C. Boring and ridiculous 

    D. Interesting but fictional.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:139 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(4)阅读理解---作者意图类试题含答案解析.doc

    If you could have a superpower, what would it be? Other than flying and communicating with someone from his mind (which, let’s be honest, would probably actually be awful), breathing underwater is one of the favorites. You can hang out with Aquaman and Ursula, and when the end of the world comes and we’re all living under water, you’ll be fine. 

    With this in mind, a student at the Royal College of Art, London has designed a 3D-printed amphibious garment called AMPHIBIO — essentially a set of gills() — for this very purpose. According to Jun Kamei, a biomimicry designer and materials scientist, it is "for a future where humankind lives in the water".

    With the world set for a global temperature increase of 3.2°C (5.7°F) by 2100, rising sea levels are a very real threat to large coastal cities, potentially affecting up to 2 billion people — or 26 percent of the current global population.

    Kamei’s little device uses a specially designed porous(多孔的) material that fills oxygen again in the water and releases carbon dioxide. It is inspired by water-diving insects that create their own little scuba diving set by creating a protective bubble of air around their body thanks to their water repellent(防水的) skin.

    The technology is easily 3D-printable too, which will be great when we need them together. These "gills" could replace heavy and clumsy scuba equipment, making it more similar to free diving but for longer. This could have immediate applications for underwater rescue plans — the 12 boys rescued by divers from a flooded cave in Thailand, for example, where it took weeks to work out how to get the boys and the vital breathing equipment through those narrow tunnels.

    So far, the tech has only been tested as a working prototype, not actually on humans, so the dream may have to be on hold for now. And scaling up and testing on humans is Kamei’s next plan. This may sound unbelievable, but Kamei insists he has a much more optimistic vision of the future.

    1.What can be inferred about Aquaman and Ursula?

    A.They can read minds.                                    B.They can breathe underwater.

    C.They often cause huge disasters.                     D.They can’t live underwater.

    2.What can we learn about AMPHIBIO?

    A.It can produce oxygen in the water.

    B.Its user can communicate with others from their mind.

    C.It is the unique useful tool against the threat of rising sea levels.

    D.The designer drew his inspiration from nature’s hidden design.

    3.Why did the author mentioned the rescue of the boys in Thailand?

    A.To present the success of the new device.

    B.To compare the new device with the old one.

    C.To prove the advantage of the new device.

    D.To show the new device is easily 3D-printable.

    4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of the new design?

    A.Objective.                 B.indifferent.                C.Doubtful.                  D.Critical.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:107 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(4)阅读理解---作者意图类试题含答案解析.doc

    Eating too much fatty food, working out too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.

    Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露)to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风)within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物)were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好)quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

    The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

    1.The text mainly discusses the relationship between ______.

    A.heart problems and air quality                       B.heart problems and exercising

    C.heart problems and smoking                          D.heart problems and fatty food

    2.The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.

    A.relatively high           B.extremely low           C.relatively low            D.extremely high

    3.What can we learn from the text?

    A.Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

    B.The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

    C.Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

    D.Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

    4.The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to _______.

    A.inform                     B.persuade                   C.describe                    D.entertain

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:192 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(4)阅读理解---作者意图类试题含答案解析.doc

    Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible.

    Rishi Rawat teaches AI at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Clinical Science Center in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says this data helps the machine learn. “. . . You can put the data into computers and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition is important to making decisions.”

    David Agus is another USC researcher. He says machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself. Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer.”

    Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.

    The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. “All of a sudden, we have the computing power to really do it in real time. . . We couldn’t have done this, we didn’t have the computing power to do this several years ago, but now it’s all changed.” Agus adds that the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world. He says that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.

    The University of Southern California researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.

    1.In Rishi Rawat’s research, ________.

    A.the data put into computers contributes to cancer recognition

    B.many cancers are being studied at the moment

    C.machine learning has replaced doctors’ work

    D.the focus is on the cure for cancer

    2.David Agus’s words in Paragraph 3 are used to ________.

    A.provide some advice for doctors                    B.introduce the development of cancer

    C.appeal to scientists to research into cancer       D.explain the function of AI in treating cancer

    3.What can we infer from the text ?

    A.AI can make decisions for doctors.

    B.Developing countries might be lack of funds.

    C.AI will hopefully make an accurate identification of cancer.

    D.Computing power has long helped with the identification of cancer.

    4.What is the author’s attitude towards AI used in treating cancer?

    A.Positive.                   B.Indifferent.               C.Doubtful.                  D.Negative.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:134 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(4)阅读理解---作者意图类试题含答案解析.doc

    What will power your house in the future? Nuclear wind or solar power? According to scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) in the US, it might be artificial leaves.

    Natural leaves are able to change sunlight and water into energy. It is known as photosynthesis (光合作用). Now researchers have found a way to imitate this process.

    The artificial leaf developed by Daniel Nocera and his colleagues at MIT can be seen as a special silicon chip with catalysts(催化剂). Similar to natural leaves, it can split water into hydrogen and oxygen when put into a bucket of water. The hydrogen and oxygen gases are then stored in a fuel cell (电池), using those two materials to produce electricity, located either on top of a house or beside the house.

    Though the leaf is only about the shape of a poker card, scientists claimed that it is promising to be an inexpensive source of electricity in developing countries. “One can imagine villages in India and Africa not long from now purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology” said an American scientist, Nocera.   

    An artificial leaf is not a new idea. The first artificial leaf was invented in 1997 but was too expensive and unstable for practical use. The new leaf, however, is made of cheap materials, easy to use and highly stable. In laboratory studies, Nocera showed that an artificial leaf could operate continuously for at least 45 hours.

    The wonderful improvements come from Nocera’s recent discovery of several powerful new, inexpensive catalysts. These catalysts make the energy transformation inside the leaf more efficient with water and sunlight. Right now the new leaf is about 10 times more effective at carrying out photosynthesis than a natural one. Besides, the device can run in whatever water is available. This is important for some countries that don’t have access to pure water.

    Hopefully, each home could have access to the new application in the future.

    1.The purpose of this article is to _____.

    A.introduce a new kind of device                      B.ask people to do the research

    C.advertise the new product                              D.show the process of photosynthesis

    2.Which of the following is NOT the advantages of the new leaf?

    A.It’s low in cost.                                            B.It’s small in size.

    C.It has a wonderful fuel cell.                           D.It’s convenient for people to use.

    3.What conclusion can be drawn from the text?

    A.Nocera thought the new leaf is expensive for developing countries.

    B.Villages in Africa have benefited a lot from the new invention.

    C.Silicon chip can help the new leaf work more effectively.

    D.The equipment doesn’t necessarily operate in pure water.

    4.What’s the writer’s attitude towards the new device?

    A.Negative.                  B.Optimistic.                C.Doubtful.                  D.Uncertain.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:181 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(3)阅读理解---总结文章题目类试题含答案解析.doc

    When you think of batteries, you'll likely think about them powering up remote controls, cellphones, flashlights and toys. But some people carry a battery around in their body to power a pacemaker (起搏器). It isn't really pleasant and easy to carry batteries because they need to be replaced so often and they can leak poisonous chemicals. A battery-powered pacemaker may become a thing of the past, thanks to a new technology developed by UCLA researchers: A biological supercapacitor (超级电容器), which is thinner than several hairs.

    Teams of researchers at UCLA and the University of Connecticut published a paper in a journal explaining their new invention. The supercapacitor is made from a carbon_ material,and coated with human-like proteins that act as electrodes (电极). But what makes the device different is that it is powered by an energy harvester that changes body heat and movement in the blood into energy.

    Those traditional pacemakers are six to eight millimeters thick They are much bigger. The new supercapacitor, which, due to its lack of battery, is only one micrometer thick. This "little" feature could benefit the new pacemaker's energy efficiency researchers stated. Also, unlike other batteries used in medical treatments, the supercapacitor can bend and twist in the body without suffering damage.

    Though they've not been widely used in the medical world, supercapacitors have the ability ta serve as a safer and more efficient medical device than the traditional battery-operated devices, the researchers believe.

    "In order to be effective, battery free pacemakers must have supercapacitors that can get, store and transport energy. However, commercial supercapacitors are too slow to make them work", said Maher El-Kady, a UCLA researcher and co-author of the study. "Our research focused on the custom-designed supercapacitor to capture energy effectively, and finding a way to make it exist together successfully with the human body."

    1.What do we know about traditional pacemakers?  

    A.They are very popular with users.                  B.They need to be replaced quite often.

    C.They can do harm to the users' bodies.            D.They are really convenient to carry around.

    2.What is special about the new supercapacitor?  

    A.It has electrodes on the outside,                     B.It is made from a kind of protein material.

    C.It helps save the carriers' money and energy.   D.It can transform the energy from the body.

    3.Which of the following makes the new pacemaker energy- efficient?

    A.The small size.                                             B.The small battery.

    C.The energy harvester.                                    D.The bending and twisting characters.

    4.What is the best title for the text? 

    A.A New Pacemaker that Doesn't Need to Use Batteries

    B.A Battery-Powered Pacemaker Is Harming People's Body

    C.People Today Aren't Willing to Use the Traditional Pacemaker Any Longer

    D.UCLA Researchers Are Committed to the Cause of the Medical Equipment

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:192 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(3)阅读理解---总结文章题目类试题含答案解析.doc

    A new device (设备) works like a solar panel, except it doesn't harvest energy from the sun to produce electricity. Instead, it uses energy from the cold night sky.

    In the center of this device is a thermoelectric generator (热电发电机), which uses the temperature difference between Earth and outer space to create electricity.

    As long as one side of it is cooler than the other, the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed under a transparent cover and surrounded with materials that keep heat out. It stays cooler than the surrounding air by getting rid of any heat it absorbs as infrared (红外线的) radiation. That radiation can zip up through the transparent cover and on toward outer space.

    The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate, which is warmed by the local air. At night, the top plate can get several degrees centigrade cooler than the bottom of the generator.

    Researchers tested the device one clear December night in Stanford, Calif. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square meter of the device. That was just enough power to light a small electric lamp. Further improvements might develop its production to at least 500 milliwatts per square meter.

    "It's a very clever idea," says Yuan Yang, a materials scientist who works at Columbia University in New York City. "The device still needs improving," he notes. "But this new device may be useful for backup power," Yang says. "It might also provide a bit of energy to people living in areas that lack electricity."

    "The device could help power remote weather stations or other environmental devices," says Aaswath Raman, a materials scientist who worked on the device at the University of California, Los Angeles. What's more, this may be useful in areas that don't see sunlight for months at a time, Raman adds.

    1.How is the device designed?

    A.It includes two aluminum plates with different functions.

    B.It is equipped with a heat resistant generator in the center.

    C.Its two aluminum plates are exposed to air to keep heat out.

    D.Its generator is sealed by a transparent cover to remain cool.

    2.What is the limitation with the tested device?

    A.It won't be expanded to be much larger.          B.It fails to produce electricity fast enough.

    C.It is unable to power small electric lamps.       D.It produces a limited amount of electricity.

    3.In paragraph 6, Yuan Yang mainly intends to________.

    A.evaluate the device on a positive basis            B.point out the problems with the device

    C.explain the research work for the device         D.comment on Aaswath Raman's prediction

    4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

    A.Lamps Are Powered by the Energy From the Cold Night Sky

    B.A Generator Producing Electricity Has Been Applied in Many Areas

    C.Scientists Have Made a Breakthrough in Harvesting Green Energy

    D.A Device Uses Energy From the Cold Night Sky to Produce Electricity

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:177 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(2)阅读理解---概括主旨大意类试题含答案解析.doc

    Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.

        Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.

        But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.

    (1).What attracted the early settlers to New York City?

    A.Its business culture.                                      B.Its small population.

    C.Its geographical position.                              D.Its favourable climate.

    (2).What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?

    A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.                    B.One out of five people got rich.

    C.Almost everyone gave up.                             D.Half of them died.

    (3).What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?

    A.They found the city too crowded.                   B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.

    C.They were unable to stand the winter.             D.They were short of food.

    (4).What is the text mainly about?

    A.The rise and fall of a city.                             B.The gold rush in Canada.

    C.Journeys into the wilderness.                         D.Tourism in Dawson.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:114 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(2)阅读理解---概括主旨大意类试题含答案解析.doc

    Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isn’t new at all — in fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.

    The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth’s temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fourier’s ideas spread, it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”.

    Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. After years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.

    Arrhenius found that CO2, and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”.

    While Arrhenius’ findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect — still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.

    1.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

    A.The climate change.                                      B.The greenhouse effect.

    C.The atmosphere.                                           D.The heat from the sun.

    2.When did the scientists first find evidence for the bad effect of global warming?

    A.In 1824.                   B.In 1903.                    C.In 1950.                   D.200 years ago.

    3.What’s the author’s attitude towards Arrhenius’ wish?

    A.Optimistic.               B.Negative.                  C.Neutral.                    D.Ambiguous.

    4.What’s the main idea of the text?

    A.Causes of climate change.                             B.Effects of greenhouse gases.

    C.Findings about global warming.                     D.Explorations on climate change.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:102 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(2)阅读理解---概括主旨大意类试题含答案解析.doc

    One in five women and one in eight men are becoming more tired and less productive, according to a new Australian study on mobile phone use.

    Led by the Queensland University of Technology in Australia, researchers surveyed 709 mobile phone users across the country aged 18 to 83 and asked them a series of questions based on a similar study 13 years ago. Identifying a phenomenon “technoference (科技干扰)”, researchers discovered a significant increase in people blaming their devices for “losing sleep, becoming less productive and even getting more aches and pains”.

    According to the study's lead author Dr Oscar, the issue is so bad that 24 percent of women and 15 percent of men are now considered to be “problematic mobile phone users”. “When we talk about technoference we're referring to the everyday intrusions (侵入)and interruptions that people experience due to mobile phones and their usage,” he said. “Our survey found technoference had increased among men and women. For example, self-reports relating to the loss of sleep and productivity showed that these negative outcomes had significantly increased during the last 13 years. This finding suggests that mobile phones are potentially increasingly affecting aspects of daytime functioning due to lack of sleep.”

    Compared to a 2005 study, “technoference” issues for 18- to 24-year-olds experienced a surprising 40.9 percent rise, while those aged 25 to 29 also recorded a dramatic increase of 23.5 percent.

    Oscar said that with the number of smartphone users around the world expected to surpass 2.5 billion before the end of this year, the problem of "technoference" could get even worse. “The speed and depth of smartphone take-up makes our population particularly vulnerable to some of the negative consequences of high mobile phone use,” he said. “Rapid technological innovations have led to dramatic changes in today's mobile phone technology, which can improve the quality of life for phone users but also result in some negative outcomes.”

    1.How are people affected by technoference according to the text?

    A.It makes people addicted to communicating online.

    B.It pushes people to work at a fast pace.

    C.It causes people to sleep less at night.

    D.It brings negative outcomes to people of all ages.

    2.Which group are most influenced by smartphones?

    A.Young women.         B.Young mea.              C.Children.                  D.Seniors.

    3.What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in paragraph 5 probably mean?

    A.Widely spread.          B.Deeply devoted.         C.Easily hurt.               D.Absolutely accustomed.

    4.What does the text mainly talk about?

    A.The increasing side effects of smartphones.     B.Ways to solve technoference problem.

    C.Smartphones and people's happiness.              D.The popularity of smartphones.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:129 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(2)阅读理解---概括主旨大意类试题含答案解析.doc

    A machine that takes sweat-laden (浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden. The machine makes the clothes turn round quickly, heats them to remove the sweat, and then passes the steam through a kind of special material to make purified water.

    Since it has been brought into use, its creators say more than 1000 people have drunk others’ “sweat” in Gothenburg. They add the liquid is cleaner than local tap water.

    The device was built for the United Nations’ child-focused charity UNICEF to promote a campaign highlighting the fact that 780 million people in the world lack access to clean water.

    The machine was designed and built by the engineer Andreas Hammar, known locally for his appearances on TV tech show “Mekatronik”. He said the key part of the sweat machine was a new water purification part developed by a company named HVR.

    “It uses a technique called membrane distillation (膜蒸馏),” he told the BBC. “We use a special kind of material that only lets steam through but keeps bacteria, salts, clothing fibers and other things out. They have something similar to the International Space Station, but our machine is cheaper to build. The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is, but one person’s T-shirt typically produces 10ml, about a mouthful.”

    The device has been put on show at the Gothia Cup-the world’s largest international youth football tournament. Mattias Ronge, chief executive of Stockholm-based advertising agency Deportivo, said the machine had helped raise awareness for UNICEF, but in reality had its limitations.

    “People haven’t produced as much sweat as we hoped – right now the weather in Gothenburg is lousy,” Mattias Ronge said. “So we’ve equipped the machine with exercise bikes and volunteers are cycling like crazy. Even so, the demand for sweat is greater than the supply. And the machine will never be produced in large numbers, since there are better solutions out there such as water purifying pills.”

    1.Which of the following is the disadvantage of the sweat machine?

    A.The amount of water the machine produces is rather limited.

    B.It takes too long for the machine to produce water.

    C.It costs a large amount of money to build the machine.

    D.The water processed by the machine is not clean enough.

    2.UNICEF is mentioned in the text to ________.

    A.show how the sweat machine works               B.show the importance of the United Nations

    C.explain why the sweat machine was invented   D.tell us who invented the sweat machine

    3.What did Mattias Ronge think of the sweat machine?

    A.It could only be used in summer.                   B.It was not worth popularizing.

    C.It did not work at all.                                    D.The water it produced tasted sweet.

    4.The text is written mainly to tell us that ___________.

    A.780 million people in the world lack access to clean water

    B.a machine which turns sweat into drinking water is invented

    C.a better solution to purifying dirty water is discovered

    D.the pill which turns dirty water into clean water is produced

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:175 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(1)阅读理解---猜词类试题含答案解析.doc

    The government in Tibet has denied the permanent (永久的) closure of Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve.

        The announcement came after a report went viral online claiming the base camp of the world's highest mountain was "permanently closed due to heavy pollution" and caused a universal misunderstanding.

        Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve was set up in 1988. Covering an area of more than 33,819 square kilometers, it is home to one of the world's weakest ecosystems (生态系统).

        Kelsang, the deputy director of the Reserve Administration, said ordinary tourists were allowed to visit areas around Rongpo Monastery, almost 5,000 meters above sea level. As for travelers who have a climbing permit, they can go to the base camp at an altitude of 5,200 meters. The mountaineering activities have been permitted by the regional forestry department.

        To conserve the environment surrounding Mount Qomolangma, China carried out three major cleanups at an altitude of 5,200 meters and above last spring, collecting eight tonnes of household wastes, human wastes and mountaineering trash. This year, the clean-up will continue, and the remains of mountaineering victims (受害者) above 8,000 meters will be centrally dealt with for the first time. Meanwhile, the number of people who stay at the base camp will be kept under 300.

        Recently, there are 85 wildlife protectors in the reserve, and 1,000 herders have part-time jobs going around and cleaning up garbage.

    "These measures aim to strike a balance between various demands such as environmental protection, local poverty relief, mountaineering and education," said Wang Shen, county chief of Dingri at the mountain foot.

    1. Which of the following can replace the underlined words "went viral" in Paragraph 2?

    A. Spread wild.                                               B. Blocked out.

    C. Gave away.                                                 D. Shot up.

    2. What can we learn according to Kelsang's words about the national nature reserve?

    A.Most tourists are allowed to visit the base camp.

    B.The climbing permit is a must for visitors going to the base camp.

    C.The mountaineering activities are not allowed these days.

    D.The areas above 5,200 meters are open to everyone.

    3. Why did the government carry out clean-ups at an altitude of 5,200 meters and above?

    A.To provide a much easier path for mountaineers.

    B.To keep mountaineering activities going smooth.

    C.To remove the remains of mountaineering victims.

    D.To protect the environment of Mount Qomolangma.

    4. How many people are involved in the cleaning up activities at present?

    A.300.                        B.1,000.                       C.85.                           D.1,085.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:131 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(1)阅读理解---猜词类试题含答案解析.doc

    With self-driving vehicle technology rapidly advancing, many companies are turning to autonomous robots for the final leg of the delivery process, from the store or local distribution center to the customer. The latest to join the trend is e-commerce giant Amazon. Following a successful eight-month test run in Snohomish County, Washington, the company’s Scout robots have been making the rounds of Irvine, California, since August 6, 2019.

    The six-wheeled Scout is about the size of a large cooler with the capacity to carry small or medium-sized packages. The battery-powered vehicle, which moves at a regular walking pace, has been programmed to avoid pedestrians, animals, and unexpected obstacles, such as garbage cans. Its powerful sensors can also detect the movement of a car backing out of a driveway.

    To accelerate Scout’s development and bring it nationwide sooner, the company has created several detailed virtual maps of American suburbs and conducted trial deliveries to homes there.

    Though Amazon has not shown how Scout ensures the delivery is picked up by the right person, it most likely requires the customer to apply a unique code, texted to them prior to the delivery, to unlock the store box. Also unclear is the number of deliveries Scout can complete before its battery needs to be recharged. Though the initial tests are being conducted with a human for company, the robot will be autonomous in the future. Its location, however, will be tracked at all times-if someone attempts to steal Scout, Amazon employees will be instantly sensed.

    However, the eco-friendly robots are unable to climb stairs or open gates, which means that they can only reach consumers who live on the ground level. Additionally, the robots are unable to leave packages at the front door if the customers are not home. Whether these problems get resolved remains to be seen. For now, it appears that humans will still be needed to achieve the ever-growing demand for home and office deliveries.

    1.What are many companies developing autonomous robots for?

    A.Final tests.                                                   B.The so-called last mile.

    C.Robots’ safety.                                             D.Delivery speed.

    2.What can we infer about Scout from paragraph 2?

    A.It looks like a cooler.                                    B.It adjusts its speed accordingly.

    C.Its sensors play a key role.                             D.It will be widely used soon.

    3.What does the underlined phrase "prior to" in paragraph 4 mean?

    A.before                      B.after                         C.in front of                 D.due to

    4.From which is the text probably taken ?

    A.A biology textbook.                                      B.A health magazine.

    C.A newspaper.                                               D.A travel brochure.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:174 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(1)阅读理解---猜词类试题含答案解析.doc

    AIDS may be one of the most undesirable diseases in the world. Luckily, there is now hope for AIDS patients.

    According to a recent paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Chinese scientists have successfully used CRISPR technology - a method of gene editing - to treat a patient with HIV. While it may not have cured the patient fully, it still represents a huge step forward in fighting the disease.

    The patient was a 27-year-old Chinese man who was diagnosed with both AIDS and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (淋巴母细胞白血病), a type of blood cancer. Despite his bleak situation, doctors offered him a little hope: a bone marrow(骨髓)transplant to treat his cancer and an experimental treatment for his HIV. They used this chance to edit the DNA in bone marrow stem cells(干细胞)from a donor before transplanting the cells into the patient.

    Specifically, the treatment involved using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to delete a gene known as CCRS, which encodes(……编码)a protein that HIV uses to get inside human cells. Without the gene, HIV is unable to enter cells. Talking about the gene, lead scientist Deng Hongkui told CNN, “After being edited, the cells - and the blood cells they produce - have the ability to resist HIV infection.” Nineteen months after the treatment, the patient’s leukemia was in complete remission(缓解)and donor cells without CCR5 remained, according to the research paper.

    Though the transplant didn’t cure the man’s HIV, it still showed the effectiveness of gene-editing technology, as there was no indication of any unintended genetic changes - a major concern with past gene-editing treatment experiments.

    Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security in the United States, who was not involved in the study, praised the treatment. “They did a very creative experiment, and it was safe,” he told Live Science. “It should be viewed as a success.”

    Deng believes gene-editing technology could “bring a new dawn” to blood - related diseases such as AIDS and sickle-cell anaemia(镰状细胞贫血). “Thanks to this new technology, the goal of a functional cure for AIDS is getting closer and closer,” he said.

    1.The underlined word “bleak” in Paragraph 3 probably means “__________”.

    A.hopeless                   B.unstable                    C.embarrassing             D.unique

    2.How did the treatment fight against HIV?

    A.By identifying and killing HIV.                     B.By changing the structure of HIV.

    C.By preventing HIV entering cells.                  D.By removing a protein HIV feeds on.

    3.What is the result of the treatment?

    A.Gene-edited cells are able to resist HIV infection.

    B.The number of cells infected by HIV has decreased.

    C.CCR5 and other genes in the patient’s cells are changed.

    D.Unintended genetic changes have taken place in the patient’s cells.

    4.What can we know about the experiment?

    A.It pointed out the problems of gene treatment.

    B.It provided a new way to cure AIDS patients fully.

    C.It could offer a safe treatment for blood-related diseases.

    D.It was the first example to use gene-editing tool to treat AIDS.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:169 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(1)阅读理解---猜词类试题含答案解析.doc

    Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form. British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

    Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.

    When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

    If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

    1.What does the author seem to like about cherries?

    A.They contain protein.                                    B.They are high in vitamin A.

    C.They have a pleasant taste.                             D.They are rich in antioxidants.

    2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?

    A.To make them smell better.                           B.To keep their colour.

    C.To speed up their ripening.                            D.To improve their nutrition.

    3.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?

    A.A dessert.                 B.A drink.                    C.A container.              D.A machine.

    4.From which is the text probably taken?

    A.A biology textbook.                                      B.A health magazine.

    C.A research paper.                                          D.A travel brochure

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:122 入库时间:2020-10-29
    来源: 福建省厦门市第二中学2018-2019高三上学期10月考试英语试题含答案.doc

    Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later? Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.

    “This is an animal study, but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very importantnot just for physical development, but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive (认知的) development during ageing,” says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto, Canada. “In humans, it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's symptoms(阿兹海默氏症), possibly to the point of preventing it .”

    Wojtowicz’s team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups, and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks. Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box. When placed in the box, they froze with fear.

    Two weeks later, the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room, the same box with the room arranged differently, and a completely different box in a different room.

    The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations, suggesting they couldn’t remember which one was dangerous. But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.

    “The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we’re young, at least for rats, has influence on the brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we’re older,” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston, who has found that, in humans, exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.

    1. The study shows that______.

    A. physical activity is important for physical health

    B. using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats’ growth

    C. physical activity can prevent human’s Alzheimer’s symptoms

    D. the more exercise a rat has when young, the better memory it will possess when older

    2. How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?

    A. By analyzing causes.    

    B. By giving an example.

    C. By describing the process.    

    D. By showing differences.

    3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

    A. Exercise.    

    B. Development.

    C. Benefit.    

    D. Study.

    4. What is the author's attitude towards the animal study?

    A. Negative.    

    B. Objective.

    C. Critical.    

    D. Doubtful.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:108 入库时间:2020-10-27
    来源: 人教版新课标2020年高中英语必修2 unit4配套练习题含答案.doc

    阅读理解

    Passenger pigeons (旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks () so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

    It was calculated that when its population reached its highest pointthere were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United Statesmaking it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smallera flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.

    Sadlythe abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundantpeople believed there was an ever­lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grainwaited until pigeons had settled to feedthen threw large nets over themtaking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

    By the closing decades of the 19th centurythe hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for woodwhich scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther northwhere cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gonenever to be seen again.

    In 1897the state of Michigan pas sed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeonsbut by thenno sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike CountyOhioin 1900.For a timea few birds survived under human care. The last of themknown affectionately as Marthadied at the Cincinnati Zool ogical Garden on September 1,1914.

    本文介绍了在美国生活的旅鸽从数量巨大、铺天盖地到踪迹难觅、逐渐灭绝的经过。

    1.In the 18th and early 19th centuriespassenger pigeons________.

    Awere the biggest bird in the world

    Blived mainly in the south of America

    Cdid great harm to the natural environment

    Dwere the largest bird population in the US

    2.The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons'________.

    Aescape                        Bruin

    Cliberation                             Devolution

    3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons

    ATo seek pleasure.     BTo save other birds.

    CTo make money.        DTo protect crops.

    4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan

    AIt was ignored by the public.

    BIt was declared too late.

    CIt was unfair.

    DIt was strict.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:科普环保类阅读