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  • 难度: 使用次数:124 入库时间:2020-11-04
    来源: 福建省厦门第一中学2018-2019学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题含答案.doc

    A nerve-zapping(电击神经) headset caused people to get rid of fat in a small preliminary study. Six people who had received the stimulation(刺激) lost on average about 8 percent of the fat on their trunks in four months, scientists reported at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience.

    The headset stimulated the vestibular nerve(前庭神经), which runs just behind the ears. That nerve sends signals to the hypothalamus, a brain structure thought to control the body’s fat storage. By stimulating the nerve with an electrical current, the technique shifts the body away from storing fat toward burning it.

    Six overweight and obese people received the treatment, consisting of up to four one-hour-long sessions of stimulation a week. Because it activated the vestibular system, the stimulation created the sensation of gently rocking on a boat or floating in a pool, said the study’s co-author Jason McKeown of the University of California, San Diego.

    After four months, body scans measured the trunk fat for the six people receiving the treatment and three people who received unreal stimulation. All six in the treatment group lost some trunk fat, despite not having changed their activity or diet. In contrast, those in the unreal group gained some fat. Researchers suspect that changes in the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within human cells are behind the difference. “The results were a lot better than we thought they’d be,” McKeown said.

    Earlier studies found that vestibular nerve stimulation causes mice to drop fat and pack on muscle, resulting in what McKeown called Schwarzenegger mice. Though small, the current study suggests that the approach has promise in people. McKeown and his colleagues have started a company based on the technology and plan to test it further.

     

    1.What is an electrical current used for?

    A. Causing the body to bum its fat.                   B. Controlling the body’s storage of fat.

    C. Seeing if the headset will be affected.            D. Speeding the process of one’s digesting.

    2.What’s the probable reason for the different results in participants?

    A. The length of stimulation they received.        B. The type of stimulation they received.

    C. The difference in their vestibular system.       D. The way chemicals process in their body.

    3.Which is true about McKeown’s current findings?

    A. They have a kind of practical value.              B. They go against those of earlier tests on mice.

    C. They were widely recognized at the meeting.  D. They have been tested by MeKeown’s company.

    4.What can be the best title of the text?

    A. The science of zapping fat                            B. A new trial of weight loss

    C. Zapping certain nerves leads to fat loss          D. Exercise for weight loss and get fit

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:162 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(3)阅读理解---总结文章题目类试题含答案解析.doc

    In the winter of 1910, Dr. Wu Lien-Teh stepped off a train in the northern Chinese city of Harbin. He was there to solve a medical mystery, at great personal risk. Over the past few months, an unknown disease had swept along the railways of northeast China, killing 99.9% of its victims. The Qing Imperial court had sent the Cambridge-educated Dr. Wu north to stop the epidemic.

    When Dr Wu arrived in Harbin on Christmas Eve, 1910, he carried little in the way of medical instruments and had only one assistant. One of Wu' s first acts upon arrival was to set up special quarantine(隔离) units and to order lockdowns to stop infected persons from traveling and spreading the disease. He had teams check households for possible cases, and even managed to convince authorities to completely close the railways in the early weeks of 1911. Of particular concern was the upcoming Chinese New Year holiday, which had become a great annual migration of people traveling across the country to see their families.

    Thanks to Dr. Wu's efforts, the number of plague victims began to die down, and by March 1, 1911, the epidemic was fully contained. The pneumonic (肺炎的) plague outbreak of 1910-1911 lasted nearly four months, affected five provinces and six major cities, and accounted for over 60,000 deaths. It is clear that without the brave and decisive actions taken by Dr. Wu, it could have been much worse. Had the epidemic gone unchecked, allowing holiday rail passengers to spread the disease to the rest of China could have meant a catastrophic loss of life and possibly a global health crisis.

    In April 1911, Dr. Wu chaired an International Plague Conference in Shenyang, attended by scientists from 11 counties including the United States, Great Britain, Russia, Japan and France. They praised Dr. Wu for his handling of the 1910-1911 outbreak. For a time, Dr. Wu was the world's most famous plague fighter, a title be defended in a malaria epidemic in China in 1919, and a return of plague in 1921.

    1.What was Dr Wu's mission in 1910?

    A.To take personal risk.                                    B.To end an epidemic.

    C.To provide medical education.                       D.To investigate the number of victims.

    2.Which of Dr Wu's acts stopped the disease from spreading nationwide?

    A.Setting up special quarantine units around the country.

    B.Treating infected persons with his medical instruments.

    C.Checking households himself for possible cases.

    D.Convincing authorities to close the railways.

    3.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

    A.The disease worsened after Mach 1, 1911.

    B.60,000 would have died without Dr Wu's efforts.

    C.A global health crisis followed the 1910-1911 outbreak.

    D.The plague broke out again about 10 years later.

    4.What can be the best title of the text?

    A.A Plague Fighter

    B.A Global Health Crisis

    C.The Beginning of the Chinese Public Health System

    D.A Plague Outbreak

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:111 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(3)阅读理解---总结文章题目类试题含答案解析.doc

    Your house may have an effect on your figure. experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

    Open the curtains and turn up the lights. dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.

    Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.

    Don’t forget the clock—or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

    Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.

    1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.

    A.their home comforts                                     B.their body shape

    C.house buying                                                D.healthy diets

    2.A home environment in blue can help people ____.

    A.digest food better                                         B.reduce food intake

    C.burn more calories                                        D.regain their appetites

    3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?

    A.Eat quickly.                                                 B.Play fast music

    C.Use smaller spoons                                       D.Turn down the lights

    4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

    A.Is Your House Making You Fat?                    B.Ways of Serving Dinner

    C.Effects of Self-Consciousness                        D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:133 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(3)阅读理解---总结文章题目类试题含答案解析.doc

    Something strange has been happening to me lately: Women in the street have been telling me I’m brave.

    My act of courage isn’t much - I just stopped coloring my hair. I had brown hair that started going gray when I was 30. So, like a lot of women, I started dyeing() it. It was expensive and time-consuming. And my hair grows fast, so I needed to go back to the hair salon (美发厅) every 5 weeks.

    Many people seem to enjoy holding onto their youth for as long as possible, giving off the impression that they don’t have much wisdom or many accomplishments. But our hair starts to turn gray and suddenly we start spending $500 or more a year to cover something our male colleagues don’t need to cover.

    Of course, people should do what they want with their own body - my mother is 91 and still has “blond” hair, and why not? I just wish more of us would feel that it was OK to be ourselves, because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money.

    I like my natural hair, just as it is. I like how it has got curly and full again. It is recovering after years of being damaged by chemicals. I also like that it has given me some needed attitude in a society that makes youth seem so important, while being against maturity. It reminds me that I’m not a kid anymore - and this isn’t a bad thing. Not being a kid anymore means I read the books I want, and not the books I feel I should read. It means not wasting my time at events I don’t need to attend when I’d rather be with my family and friends.

    When I see my hair in the mirror, it’s a reminder that my time is limited, and I should spend it doing what matters. There’s nothing shameful about growing older. And pretending it’s not happening is a way of giving up our power.

    I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion(反叛)against the idea that people lose value as they age, instead of gaining it. I see gray hair as my “flag” and I’m letting it fly proudly.

    1.How does the author feel about coloring hair?

    A.It shows people’s great courage.                    B.It is a good way to hold onto youth.

    C.It shows wisdom and accomplishments.          D.It is not worth the time and money spent on it.

    2.What should we do when we grow old according to the author?

    A.Give up our power.                                      B.Pretend to be still young.

    C.Accept it and act positively.                           D.Read as many books as possible.

    3.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?

    A.To explain why youth is valued.

    B.To share her opinion on growing older.

    C.To stress the importance of different attitudes.

    D.To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of aging.

    4.Which can be the best title for the passage?

    A.Holding Onto Youth                                          B.Dyeing Your Hair

    C.Gaining Value With Age                               D.Valuing Wisdom Of Age

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:171 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(2)阅读理解---概括主旨大意类试题含答案解析.doc

    A new study has found the amount of antibiotics (抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by two-thirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs. However, the drugs could quicken the development of antibiotic-resistant infections (感染). Such infections are already a major public, health concern in the United States.

        The World Health Organization notes that when people stop living in poverty (贫困), the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. With the rapid development of Asia, people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago.

        To meet the need, farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. It's clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in a crowded environment and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually.

        Nowadays, doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work. The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs. The heavy use of antibiotics in animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. In the United States, at least two million people get drug-resistant infections each year and at least 23,000 die from an infection.

        Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.

    (1).What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals?

    A.The desire for new drugs.                              B.The less effective antibiotics.

    C.The outdated farm technology.                       D.The need for more various foods.

    (2).What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO?

    A.Make a lot of money.                                    B.Focus more on health.

    C.Have more meat in their diet.                        D.Live in a better environment.

    (3).What can be inferred from the passage?

    A.Antibiotics do harm to animals.                     B.Antibiotics help animals stay healthy.

    C.Antibiotics are used heavily in Europe.           D.Antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread to people.

    (4).What's the passage mainly about?

    A.A new way of raising farm animals.               B.The advantages of using antibiotics.

    C.The reason for banning the use of antibiotics.  D.The negative effect of antibiotics in farm animals.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:139 入库时间:2020-10-30
    来源: 2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型(1)阅读理解---猜词类试题含答案解析.doc

    Anyone caring about their health will be able to speak out a few of the major vitamins,  and possibly take an educated guess at what they do. Vitamin C, found in oranges and other fruit and vegetables, is important for wound repair. And the much-talked-about “sunshine” vitamin D, produced by the skin in response to UV light, is essential for strong bones.

    But what about vitamin P? It might well have you scratching your head. And that's not surprising: the term was first coined in the 1930s to describe a small group of compounds that provide pigment(天然色素) to plants, and were believed to have health benefits. A century later, these compounds are now better known as flavonoids(类黄酮).

    Today, scientists have identified between 4,000 and 6,000 different kinds and we now know they are responsible for many of the flavors and smells of fruit and vegetables and also that they protect them from invaders such as pests and bacteria.

    They are equally important nutrients for the body, helping maintain bones and teeth, and for the production of the protein collagen(胶原), which provides structure to blood vessels, muscles and skin.

    They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness, including oxidation(氧化), a natural process by which the body's cells age and can become damaged and defective. That means they could help to protect against chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease.

    1.What do we know about vitamin P?

    A.We would scratch our head if we took it.        B.It refers to the compounds also called flavonoids.

    C.It was made into a coin in the 1930s.              D.People didn't think it beneficial in the past.

    2.Which is NOT the function of vitamin P for humans according to the passage?

    A.Helping maintain bones and teeth.

    B.Assisting in producing protein collagen.

    C.Accelerating the circulation of the blood.

    D.Aiding the body to handle the main factors of illness.

    3.Which of the following best explains “defective” underlined in the last paragraph?

    A.Harmful.                  B.Discouraged.             C.Vague.                     D.Deficient.

    4.How does vitamin P help slow the aging process?

    A.By fighting against oxidation.                        B.By maintaining bones.

    C.By strengthening muscles.                             D.By protecting against chronic diseases.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:103 入库时间:2020-09-19
    来源: 2021高考一轮复习英语通用考点二十一说理议论类练习题含答案解析.doc

    It's not easy feeling like you're always under the spotlight being judged for each little mistake you make. Your mind is in an endless circle playing what you said and did over and over again. You wish you had a time capsule (时间囊) to go back and make things change if you find mistakes. You fear what others will think about you and that they will reject and dislike you. You seek to be socially perfect.

    Academically,  you work long endless hours just to make those excellent marks.  Although most would say “it's good to have high standards\” they have no idea about the internal hell you put yourself through to achieve perfection. If you don't achieve the desired goal you feel as though you have failed, but you're far from failing, you just don't see it that way. So instead you are telling yourself that you're stupid and not smart. The pressure you place on yourself weighs you down and you wear the “not good enough\” label each and every day.

    You not only have high standards for yourself but you also have them for others. If people don't perform up to your expectations, then you think them incompetent.  This causes a lot of frustration because you can't trust anyone to get things right. So instead or being a team player you fly solo (单飞) and try to do two or three jobs at once. Your unrealistic expectations cause you to criticize and judge others and that leads to problems in other areas of your life.

    The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and it's damaging our emotional and mental health. We strive for perfection with our body, in our performance, and in our relationships. In a society that overstates mistakes, is it any wonder that so many young people attempt the impossible task of being perfect?

    We all have flaws, fears and make mistakes, and that's perfectly OK.  It's our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us grow into a stronger and more adaptable person.  We don't have to be a stronger and more adaptable person. We don't have to strive to achieve the impossible goal. We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.

    篇章导读:本文是一篇议论文。过度追求完美不仅影响身心健康,还会对别人苛求进而产生很多问题。我们注定不完美,我们要接受自己的不完美。

    5Where is this text most likely from?

    AA diary.                            BA novel.

    CA magazine.                         DA guidebook.

    6Which of the following is a perfectionist most likely to agree?

    ABe generous with praise.

    BNobody is perfect.

    CThere is no best, only better.

    DA contented mind is an everlasting feast.

    7What can we infer from Paragraph 4?

    AThe society is partly to blame for perfectionism.

    BMore and more people are tolerating mistakes.

    CMany young people find it impossible to be perfect.

    DIt's unusual for a society to seek perfectionism nowadays.

    8What does the author think of imperfection?

    AIt's unbearable.

    BIt's part of our life.

    CIt deserves to be overcome.

    DIt does harm to our mental health.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:155 入库时间:2020-08-25
    来源: 江苏省2020届高考考前冲刺英语试卷7含答案.doc

    Most damagingly,anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.

    Not everyone experience anger in the same way;what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels(决斗)as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.

    Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions,EEG(脑电图)measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(额叶前部)areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition(意向)that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and,as a result of this,we’re likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whether positive or negative.

    Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不对称)of EEG activity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感)towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response.In defensive anger,in contrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.

    65.The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger______.

    A.usually has a biological basisB.varies among people

    C.is socially and culturally shapedD.influences one’s thinking and evaluation

    66.What changes can be found in an angry brain?

    A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.

    B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.

    C.Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.

    D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.

    67.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?

    A.Approaching the source of anger.B.Trying to control what is disliked.

    C.Moving away from what is disliked.D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.

    68.What is the key message of the last paragraph?

    A.How anger differs from other emotions.B.How anger relates to other emotions.

    C.Behavioural responses to anger.D.Behavioural patterns of anger.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:160 入库时间:2020-08-17
    来源: 江苏省2020届高考考前冲刺英语试卷1含答案.doc

    Garlic is one of the most common flavors in our kitchen. It not only tastes wonderful, but also it’s very good for your body. It is one of Mother Nature’s most precious gifts to cooks of all levels.

    Choose garlic heads that are firm to the touch, with no scars or soft cloves (蒜瓣). If you notice dark, powdery patches under the skin, pass it up because this is an indication of a common mold which will eventually spoil the flesh.

    Store unpeeled heads of garlic in an open container in a cool, dry place away from other foods. Do not refrigerate or freeze unpeeled garlic. Properly stored garlic can keep up to three months.

    As garlic ages, it will begin to produce green sprouts in the center of each clove. These infant green sprouts can be bitter, so throw them before using the garlic for your recipe. However, if you plant the cloves and let them grow to a height of about six inches, you can use the sprouts like chives (韭黄) in salads and such.

    Garlic can also be purchased as peeled whole cloves, both stored in olive or vegetable oil. It is urgent that garlic in oil be stored under refrigeration to avoid potentially-deadly bacteria growth. If you use a lot of garlic and wish to cut your preparation time down, you can pre-peel and store your own in oil in the refrigerator, but the best flavor will come from freshly-peeled cloves. Use garlic powder, garlic salt, and garlic juice only as a last resort.

    To peel a garlic clove, place it on a cutting board on its side, and gently press down quickly with the flat side of a butcher knife. The skin should then easily peel off. If you find the skin clinging desperately to the clove, congratulations! You have fresh garlic. As garlic ages, the skin is gradually dried-up, making it easier to peel.

    61. The passage is mainly about   .

    A. how to select, store and peel garlic

    B. what garlic tastes and smells

    C. where to keep the garlic

    D. when to reap the garlic

    62. A dark patch under the skin of garlic means   .

    A. the cloves of garlic are soft

    B. the garlic has been kept for long

    C. something wrong with the garlic

    D. the garlic has been cooked

    63. The underlined word “sprouts” means   .

    A. new parts growing on a plant

    B. newly seeds growing on a plant

    C. parts belonging to a branching shape

    D. thin skin attached to garlic

    64. If you want to store garlic,    .

    A. you can keep it in the refrigerator up to three months

    B. you’d better keep the peeled in the refrigerator

    C. you may keep frozen unpeeled garlic

    D. you can put garlic in vegetable oil

    65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

    A. The sprouts of garlic tastes like chives.

    B. Garlic juice is better than the freshly-peeled.

    C. A cutting board is helpful for peeling garlic.

    D. Olive oil is needed when cooking garlic.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:139 入库时间:2020-07-13
    来源: 2020年高考新高考卷I山东英语试题含答案解析.doc

    According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.

    To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.

    Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.

    For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.

    The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?

    12. What is the recent study mainly about?

    A. Food safety.                                  B. Movie viewership.

    C. Consumer demand.                            D. Eating behavior.

    13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?

    A. Big eaters.                                   B. Overweight persons.

    C. Picky eaters.                                 D. Tall thin persons.

    14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?

    A. To see how she would affect the participants.

    B. To test if the participants could recognize her.

    C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.

    D. To study why she could keep her weight down.

    15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?

    A. How hungry we are.                           B. How slim we want to be.

    C. How we perceive others.                       D. How we feel about the food.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:183 入库时间:2020-07-13
    来源: 2020年高考江苏省英语试卷含答案解析.doc

    For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.

    Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.

    To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.

    Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.

    Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.

    Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.

    But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.

    The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.

    61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.

    A. digest the meal easily                          B. manage without breakfast

    C. decide wisely what to eat                       D. eat whatever is offered

    62. Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?

    A. Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.

    B. Their lack of exercise led to overweight.

    C. They could walk at an average speed.

    D. They had slow metabolic rates.

    63. What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?

    A. They successfully lost weight.                   B. They consumed a bit more calories.

    C. They burned more fat on average.                D. They displayed higher insulin levels.

    64. What could be learned from the research?

    A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.

    B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.

    C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.

    D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:127 入库时间:2020-07-09
    来源: 2020高考全国I卷英语试题含答案解析

    The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in YoungstownOhiofor example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In anotheremployees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.

    The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverseeven unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

    One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The lightabout one-thousandth of the amount needed to read byis just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.

    in the futurethe team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.

    Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).

    Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.

    32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

    A. A new study of different plants.

    B. A big fall in crime rates.

    C. Employees from various workplaces.

    D. Benefits from green plants.

    33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?

    A. To detect plants’ lack of water

    B. To change compositions of plants

    C. To make the life of plants longer.

    D. To test chemicals in plants.

    34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?

    A. They will speed up energy production.

    B. They may transmit electricity to the home.

    C. They might help reduce energy consumption.

    D. They could take the place of power plants.

    35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

    A. Can we grow more glowing plants?

    B. How do we live with glowing plants?

    C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?

    D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:191 入库时间:2020-07-09
    来源: 2020高考全国I卷英语试题含答案解析

    Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

    Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

    Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

    However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

    As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

    28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

    A. They must run long distances.

    B. They are qualified for the marathon.

    C. They have to follow special rules.

    D. They are good at swinging their legs.

    29. What advantage does race walking have over running?

    A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.

    B. It’s less challenging physically.

    C. It’s more effective in body building.

    D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

    30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

    A. Getting experts’ opinions.

    B. Having a medical checkup.

    C. Hiring an experienced coach.

    D. Doing regular exercises.

    31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

    A. Skeptical.                                                               B. Objective.

    C. Tolerant.                                                                 D. Conservative.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:192 入库时间:2020-07-09
    来源: 2020年高考全国卷III英语试题含答案解析.doc

    We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.

    On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.

    Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”

    In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.

    32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?

    A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.                 B. New knowledge of human evolution.

    C. Recent findings of human origin.                              D. Significance of food selection.

    33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?

    A. In valleys.                      B. Near rivers.                    C. On the beach.                 D. Off the coast.

    34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?

    A. They could walk on stilts all day.                              B. They had a superb way of fishing.

    C. They could stay long underwater.                              D. They lived on both land and water.

    35. What can be a suitable title for the text?

    A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea                           B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills

    C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research                            D. The World’s Best Divers

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:124 入库时间:2020-07-09
    来源: 最新2020年全国卷Ⅰ英语高考真题含答案.doc

    Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

    Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

    Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

    However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

    As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

    28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

    A. They must run long distances.

    B. They are qualified for the marathon.

    C. They have to follow special rules.

    D. They are good at swinging their legs.

    29. What advantage does race walking have over running?

    A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.

    B. It’s less challenging physically.

    C. It’s more effective in body building.

    D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

    30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

    A. Getting experts’ opinions.

    B. Having a medical checkup.

    C. Hiring an experienced coach.

    D. Doing regular exercises.

    31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

    A. Skeptical.                                           B. Objective.

    C. Tolerant.                                            D. Conservative.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:55 入库时间:2017-10-16
    来源: 山东省临沂市2016-2017学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 Word版含答案.doc

    Researchers in China and the United States have developed a new cataract(白内障)treatment with cells that has restored vision in babies in a trial and may eventually be used in adults.

    The treatment- by doctors and staff members at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Sichuan and Sun Yat-sen universities in China-was published in March 9 edition of the scientific journal Nature.

    A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens(晶体)of an eye. Typical cataract operation involves the removal of the cloudy lens and the insertion of an artificial one. The new operation has been tested in animals and during a small, human trial. It resulted in fewer complications(并发症)than the current harmful operation, and in regrown lenses with superior visual function in all 12 of the baby cataract patients who received the procedure.

    A congenital cataract- lens clouding that occurs at birth or shortly after- is important cause of blindness in children. In the new research, Kand Zhang, head of ophthalmic genetics at US San Diego’s Shiley Eye Institute, and his colleagues relied on the regrown potential of endogenous(同源的)stem cells.

    According to Zhang, endogenous stem cells are different from other stem cells that are typically grown in a laboratory, transplanted into a patient, and can have risks of immune(免疫的)rejection, infection or cancers. Zhang told CBS News, “We invented a new operation to make a very small opening at the side of a cataractous lens bag, remove the cataract inside, allow the opening to heal, and promote potential lens stem cells to regrow an entirely new lens with vision.”

    The human trial involved 12 babies under the age of 2 who were treated with the new method, while 25 babies received thee standard operation care.. The latter group experienced a higher incidence of pos- operation danger, early- onset eye high blood pressure and increased lens clouding. The scientists reported fewer complications and faster healing among the 12 babies who has the new procedure.

    32. What is the text mainly about?

       A. The concept of the cataract

       B. A new cataract treatment with stem cells

       C. Bad effects of post-operation in the cataract

       D. The reasons why the cataract comes into being

    33. Which of the following best describe the new cataract treatment according to the passage?

       A. Convenient     B. Comfortable    C. Cheap    D. Safe

    34. What can we learn about the new cataract treatment?

       A. It has more risks

       B. It may be used widely

       C. It has been put into practice widely

       D. It can only restore vision in babies

    35. What does the underlined word “congenital” in the fourth paragraph mean?

       A. Born     B. Strange    C. Serious     D. Dangerous.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:112 入库时间:2017-09-04
    来源: 宁夏育才中学学益校区2016-2017学年高一下学期第二次月考英语试题 Word版含解析.doc

    French surgeons have performed what they said on Wednesday was the world's first partial face transplant(移植)--- giving a new nose, chin and lips to a woman attacked by a dog.

    Specialists from two French hospitals carried out the operation on a 38-year-old woman on Sunday in the northern city of Amiens by taking the face from a brain-dead woman, who had hanged herself just hours before the operation. Her family agreed on the operation.

    “The patient is in an excellent state and the transplant looks normal,” the hospitals said in a brief statement after waiting three days to announce the pioneering surgery.

    The woman had been left without a nose and lips after the dog attacked her last May, and was unable to talk or chew properly. Such injuries are “extremely difficult, if not impossible” to repair using normal surgical techniques, the statement said.

    The statement did not say what the woman would look like when she had fully recovered, but medical experts said she was unlikely to resemble the woman who had been the source of her new face.

    The operation was led by Jean-Michel Dubernard, a specialist from a hospital in Lyon who has also carried out hand transplants.

    Skin transplants have long been used to treat burns and other injuries, but operations around the mouth and nose have been considered very difficult because of the area's high sensitivity(敏感) to foreign tissue.

    Teams in France, the United States and Britain had been developing techniques to make face transplants a reality

    There was a short-term risk for the patient if blood vessels became blocked, a medium-term danger of her body rejecting the new skin and a long-term possibility that the drugs used could cause cancers.

    Experts say that although such medical advances should be celebrated, the transplant had thrown up moral(道德的)and ethical(伦理的)issues. Little is known about the psychological effect of thee transplant.

    9. The best title for the passage would be ________.

    A. French Woman has First Partial Face Transplant

    B. First Face Transplant Opens Debate

    C. Risks and Ethical Problems of a Face Transplant

    D. A Complete Face Transplant of a French Woman

    10. Why did the woman need such an operation?

    A. Her face had been bitten by a dog

    B. Her face had been burnt in a fire.

    C. She was born especially ugly

    D. She wanted to test such an operation.

    11. What can we learn about the operation?

    A. The woman had used the dead woman' s whole face.

    B. There has arisen(引起) a debate about the operation.

    C. The woman will suffer from psychological damage soon.

    D. Such transplants have been performed by doctors.

    12. Which of the following is NOT one of the risks of the operation?

    A. Block of blood vessels.    B. Organ rejection学%科%网...

    C. Heart damage.    D. Side effect of the drugs

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:101 入库时间:2017-08-23
    来源: 甘肃省天水市一中2017届高三第六次诊断考试(最后一考)英语试题 Word版含解析.doc

    A Guide to the University

    Food

    The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.

    If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.

    Relaxation

    The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 a.m. to 10 p.m, closed on Sundays.

    Health

    Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 a.m. to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 p.m.

    Academic Support

    All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door, two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.

    Transportation

    The TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.

    12. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?

    A. Have meals and meet with friends....

    B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.

    C. Do homework and watch TV.

    D. Add money to your ID and play chess.

    13. Where and when can you cook your own food?

    A. The Lower Café, Sunday.    B. The Globe, Friday.

    C. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.    D. The McMillan Hall, Sunday.

    14. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?

    A. By applying online    B. By calling the center

    C. By going to the center directly    D. By filling in a sign-up form

    15. What is the function of TWU Express?

    A. To carry students to the lecture halls.

    B. To transport students to and from the stores.

    C. To take students to the Mattson Centre.

    D. To provide students with campus tours

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:164 入库时间:2017-08-09
    来源: 山西省太原市2017届高三第三次模拟英语试题 Word版含答案.doc

        Aging brings wrinkles, sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting older is not all bad for many people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is conflicting research on the subject, however, and experts say it may all boil down to this: Attitude is everything.

    Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life than their younger and stressed opposites. The big question is why seniors are happier. A recent study suggests one reason: Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people become more comfortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family, spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work.

    But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older.

    "The notion that those in old age are happiest is misleading," said Richard Easterlin, a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. "It is based on comparing people of different ages who are the same in terms of income, health, family life." Easterlin added, "When you take account of the fact that older people have lower income than younger, are less healthy, and more likely to be living alone, then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier.

    In fact, scientists have found that as people age, their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die, which can make the elderly less happy.

    Even if one does give in to age's dark side, health and happiness don't always go hand-in-hand. It's all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.

    Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness, the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life. “Most people desire happiness,” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge, no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”

    32. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

    A. The key factor to older adults’ happiness

    B. There is a conflict between aging and happiness

    C. No one can define the limit to happiness.

    D. The relationship between health and happiness.

    33. Why are some seniors happier according to some experts?

    A. They focus on what makes them feel good.

    B. They have their own circle of friends.

    C. They have better income after retirement.

    34. What can we learn from the passage?

    A. People of the same age have the same sense of happiness.

    B. Attitude may play a very important role in happiness.

    C. People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy.

    D. Older adults who have more valuable life experience are more optimistic.

    35. What’s the topic discussed in the passage?

    A. Whether aging or attitude brings happiness.

    B. Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society.

    C. What the limit to an elder person’s happiness is.

    D. How older people feel compared with younger people.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读
  • 难度: 使用次数:106 入库时间:2017-08-07
    来源: 内蒙古包头市第九中学2016-2017学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含答案.doc

    After giving a talk at a high school,I was asked to pay a visit to a special student.An illness had kept the boy home,but he had expressed an interest in meeting me.I was told it would mean a great deal to him,so I agreed.

    During the nine-mile drive to his home,I found out something about Matthew.He had muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎缩症).When he was born,the doctor told his parents that he would not live to five,and then they were told he would not make it to ten.Now he was thirteen.He wanted to meet me because I was a Gold-medal power lifter,and I knew about overcoming obstacles and going for my dreams.

    I spent over an hour talking to Matthew.Never once did he complain or ask,"Why me?"He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams.Obviously,he knew what he was talking about.He didn't mention that his classmates had made fun of him because he was different.He just talked about his hopes for the future,and how one day he wanted to lift weights with me.When we had finished talking,I went to my briefcase(公文包)and pulled out the first gold medal I had won and put it around his neck.I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles than I ever would.He looked at it for a moment,then took it off and handed it back to me.He said,"You are a champion.You earned that medal.Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal,I will show it to you."        

    Last summer I received a letter from Matthew's parents telling me that Matthew had passed away.They wanted me to have a letter he had written to me a few days before:

    Dear Dick,

    My mum said I should send you a thank-you letter for the picture you sent me.I also want to let you know that the doctors tell me that I don't have long to live any more,but I still smile as much as I can.I told you someday that I would go to the Olympics and win a gold medal,but I know now I will never get to do that.However,I know I'm a champion,and God knows that too.When I get to Heaven,God will give me my medal and when you get there,I will show it to you.Thank you for loving me.

    Your friend,

    Matthew

    29.The boy looked forward to meeting the author because      .

    A.he was also good at weight lifting

    B.he wanted to get to the Olympics and win a medal

    C.he was one of the author's fans

    D.he admired the author very much

    30.The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that      .

    A.the boy never complained about how unlucky he was to have this disease

    B.the boy never complained about not being able to go to school

    C.the boy never complained why the author had never come to see him before

    D.the boy never complained about not getting a medal

    31.Matthew didn't accept the author's medal because      .

    A.he thought it was too expensive 

    B.he was sure that he could win one in the future

    C.he thought it was of no use to him as he would die soon

    D.he would not be pitied by others

    32.What would be the best title for this passage?

    A.A sick boy.           B.A special friend.         C.A real champion.          D.A famous athlete.

     
    题型:阅读理解  知识点:健康保健类阅读