Dear Doctor,
My husband and I got married in 1990 and for the first ten years of our marriage, I was very happy to stay home and bring up our three children. Then four years ago, our youngest child went to school and I thought I might go back to work.
My husband agreed and helped me to make my decision. He said he thought I could be a great success in business. After several weeks of job hunting, I found my present job—working for a small public company. At first, my husband was very proud of me and would tell his friends, “My clever little wife can run that company.”
But as his joke was becoming true, my husband stopped talking to me about my job. I have received several promotions (升职) and pay increases, and I can earn more money than he can. I can buy my own clothes and new car.
But things begin to change. My husband is not happy. My husband is very unkind to me in front of our friends. For the first time in our marriage, I think our marriage may come to an end. I love my husband very much, and I don’t want him to feel bad, but I also love my job. I think I can be a good wife and a working woman, but I don’t know how. Can’t you give me some advice? Will I have to choose one or the other or can I keep both my husband and my new career?
Please help me.
Mary
请根据阅读信息填写第54,54题, 一空一词并回答第56题。
54. According to the passage, when was the letter most probably written?
The letter was written after____________.
55. What does the phrase in paragraph two “job hunting” mean?
“Job hunting” means__________ ____________ __________.
5 6. What is the dilemma(两难)of the working woman?
We often close ourselves off when unfortunate events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesn’t exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we can’t hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts
to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.
Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.
Breathe into pain
Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness that’s unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion that’s fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.
By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.
Embrace the uncomfortable
We all know what that twinge(刺痛) of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.
The initial impulse is to run away — to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.
Ask your heart what it wants
We’re often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isn’t usually involved in the decision making process?
I know we’ve all felt decisions or actions that we had to take simply due to our “gut” impulses: when asked, we can’t explain the reasons behind doing so — just a deep knowing that it had to get done. This instinct is the part of ourselves we’re approaching for answers.
To start this process, take few deep breaths then ask, “Heart, what decision should I make here? What action feels the most right?”
See what comes up, then engage and evaluate the outcome.
Title: Open Our Hearts | ||
Background information | ★Unfortunate events often 71 us deeper into ourselves; ★We can’t hide ourselves 72 the fact that we pretend not to have been hurt; ★We should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior whenever fears and seriousness 73 us. | |
74 to helping open our hearts | ★Breathe into pain | ★Try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to 75 up the hurt whenever a painful situation arises in our lives; ★Utilize our breath and we can 76 more newness and greater experiences in the future. |
★Embrace the uncomfortable | ★We can practice leaning into the feelings of discomfort and 77 a way out in our lives; ★Running away only 78 us experiencing the parts of our lives that we need most. | |
★Ask your heart what it wants | ★To treat the process of decision making from a different 79 ; ★See what 80 , then engage and evaluate the outcome. |
It’s finally that time: the start of the college year. For some, this is the first year. For me, it’s the last. But I still remember that summer between high school and college when I didn’t really know what I was getting myself into. There are plans and ideas about what my college experience was going to be like, but none of them worked out as planned. Here are three things I wish I had known before my freshman year.
1. Use the mental health services available to you. you aren’t alone.
That first night at college was memorable. I was scared and in a new place. There was homesickness that got better as I settled in. and though I continued to miss things from home, these weren’t the only reasons I felt down. The academic pressure to succeed and the social pressure to fit in are too much for some people. And these pressures don’t just happen in freshman year.
For me, there were upsets long after the days that required a map to figure out where all the buildings were on campus. Close friends guided me in the right direction, which was important because talking helps---even if it’s just with a friend. Don’t be afraid to take that extra step.
2.It’s OK to change your mind about your major(专业).
I entered the fall of my freshman year ready to major in politics, philosophy and economics, in preparation for a law degree. Things changed. You meet new people and discover new interests.
It’s normal to be a little unsure of your plans once you start taking classes. So, don’t worry if you haven’t figured out exactly what you’re going to major in. it will likely change anyway.
3. You’re there to get a degree and later a job, but a little fun won’t hurt.
When my college days are long gone, I’m not going to remember the grades I got on papers or the late nights spent studying.
Instead, memorable moments will include playing video games with my roommate at 3:00 am instead of writing a paper, or late-night runs with my friends after a night out---things that make for lifelong memories.
Doing well is important inside the classroom, but there are also jobs, internships(实习)and other pressures. Employers weigh internships and employment during college more heavily than your GPA, according to a 2012 survey of employers by The Chronicle of Higher Education Finding a balance of killing it in the classroom ,getting internships and having fun with friends is important. You don’t want to burn out early.
Everyone says that college is the best four years of your life. but it can also be a stressful, messy period of self-exploration and discovery. But is it fun? No question.
Getting most from your (66) ▲ life
Students need to (67) ▲ three things in mind before their first year in college. | |
Mental health service is helpful. | ●Both academic and social (68) ▲ leads to students’ unhappiness in college. ●(69) ▲ with a friend is a good step to get help. |
Change the major when necessary | ●Things might change when college students have new friends and (70)___▲_____ ●Students are (71) ▲ to change their majors even after they start taking certain classes. |
Learning and career are the primary goals in college, but first have some (72)____▲ . | ●Playing video games or outing with friends at night will be the most (73) ▲ moments in college. ●(74) ▲ put more value on internships and employment during college than students’ academic achievements. |
conclusion | Get yourself (75) ▲ because college years can be stressful and messy. |
The world would have been so much better if we all knew how to say and do the right thing at the right time. However, that is not the case, especially when it comes to instilling(逐步培养) proper behaviour in kids. Behaviour modification(BM) techniques were recently created to help in instilling proper behaviour in children as well as adults.
Behaviour modification refers to establishing various appropriate behaviours in individuals and discouraging those that are not desired. Behaviour modification techniques are developed largely according to the principles of operant conditioning by B.F. Skinner, an American behaviourist. These techniques are used in behaviour modification treatment that aims to correct and instill appropriate behaviour in children.
The commonly used behaviour modification techniques are positive reinforcement(强化), negative reinforcement and punishment. Positive reinforcement refers to reinforcing a proper behaviour that most desire through the process of rewarding it. This can be done by praising the individual as soon as he performs a desired behaviour. Negative reinforcement behavioural strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or a behaviour because the desired behaviour was performed. For example, letting a child not help in washing dishes because he behaved well at a family gathering is a form of negative reinforcement. Punishment is something we all can relate to. Yes, it is just what it means. However, when put in words, punishment refers to subjecting(使服从于) an individual to a negative condition because of an inappropriate behaviour.
The behaviour modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement. However, parents should realize that these techniques can't be relied upon totally for child behaviour modification. Though the behaviour modification techniques lead to quick results, a parent should continuously try to cultivate(培养) in his child the ability to appreciate the reason why such a behaviour is expected of him. This can be done through effective communication and greater focus on the parentchild relationship. As a parent, don't make the reward a monetary one. Try to make it look more like a privilege than a reward. A parent should also be consistent with his technique and apply it whenever there is a chance so that the child gets a clear idea of what is expected and what is not.
Although we talk so much about the role of a parent in bringing positive behaviour modification in children, both parents and teachers have equally important roles to play. Teachers play their role through preventive classroom management, teaching skills for solving social problems like alternative thinking, and continuous monitoring of a child's behaviour. It is true that there are various behaviour modification techniques available for encouraging proper behaviour in children. However, there is nothing that can take the place of proper parenting and an affectionate(慈爱) environment.
Title: Techniques for Modifying Behaviour
(39)________ of BM | Establishing various appropriate behaviours and discouraging undesirable ones, aiming to correct and instill proper behaviour in individuals. |
Types of BM techniques | ●Positive reinforcement: Reinforcing a (40)________ behaviour by means of rewarding it. ●Negative reinforcement: (41)________ a negative consequence or a behaviour. ●Punishment: Subjecting an individual to a negative condition (42)________ to an improper behaviour. |
BM techniques for children | ●For parents: Realizing these techniques are helpful in leading to quick results, but they are not totally (43)________. Effective ways ●Communicating (44)________ with children and focus more on childparent relationship. ●Making the reward more of a privilege rather than a reward. |
●Remembering to (45) ________ to the same technique and apply it whenever there is a chance. ●For teachers: Realizing both parents and teachers have equally important roles. Effective ways ●Playing their role through classroom management designed for the (46) ________ of potential problems. ●Teaching (47)________ skills needed in our society. ●Monitoring children's behaviours continuously. | |
(48)________ | Proper parenting and an affectionate environment play an irreplaceable role in encouraging proper behaviour in children. |
Are We More Narcissistic Than Ever Before?
Like the flower, narcissism(自恋)has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture. But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism. Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form.
Grandiose(浮夸)narcissism is the outgoing, extroverted(外向)form. The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, better looking and more important than others. And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact. In fact, some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people. On the opposite side, narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring.
Vulnerable(脆弱)narcissism is the second flavour of narcissism. It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low selfconfidence and are not typically extroverted. Imagine someone living in his mum's small room. He spends his evenings watching X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act. Unfortunately, he hasn't the confidence to do it and instead becomes a net citizen, who posts offensive, controversial, or divisive materials on an Internet community.
The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically serious problems in a person's life—marriages fall apart, friends are lost, a career is over. When this occurs narcissism can be identified as a personality disorder—narcissistic personality disorder (also known as NPD), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism,
Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this. For grandiose narcissism, what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compassion, doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets you attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes. For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety. Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; participate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings. For NPD, there is no single, scientifically affirmed treatment of choice. But pay attention to the following. First, people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not have a problem—everyone else does. Second, it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment.
Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasn't been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration. Still, I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with.
Title: Are We More Narcissistic Than Ever Before?
Current situation | |
about narcissism | ●Narcissism has developed to become a part of culture.●Narcissism is more (33)________ than expected in psychology. |
(34)________ of narcissism in divided types | ●A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness. ●A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated (35)______. ●A narcissist is often cold and likely to (36)________ care in emotion towards others. |
●Vulnerable narcissism is more (37)________ than grandiose one. ●A narcissist isn't actually confident though in his opinion he (38)________ special things. | |
●Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in clinic, affecting the personal life. | |
The approaches to treating narcissism or NPD | ●Be more considerate, do favorite things and take (39)________ for whatever they do. ●Try to (40)________ by making more friends, doing exercise and so on. ●Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to (41)________treatment. |
The future trend | ●Narcissism is increasing perhaps because of social media.●Narcissism can be (42)________ if handled actively in proper ways. |
There are good reasons to value our friendships. Some years ago a public-opinion research firm, Roper Starch Worldwide, asked 2007 people to name one or two things that said the most about themselves. Friends far outranked homes jobs, clothes and cars.
“Ironically,” says Brant R.Burleson, professor of communication at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., “the better friends you are, the more likely you’ll face conflicts.” And the outcome can be what you don’t want—an end to the relationship.
The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended.
Swallow your pride. It wasn’t easy, but that’s what Denise Moreland of Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii did when a friendship turned sour. For nearly four months,Moreland,45,had watched over Nora Huizenga’s two young daughters, who were living with their father on the base, while Huizenga,40,completed training as a dental hygienist in Nevada. “I felt honored to be asked to step in,” Moreland says.
“When Huizenga returned at Christmas,” Moreland recalls, “I had so much to tell her, but she never called.”
One daughter had a birthday party ,but Moreland wasn’t invited. “I felt like I’d been used,” she says. At first, Moreland swore to avoid Huizenga. Then she decided to swallow her pride and let her friend know how she felt. Huizenga admitted that she’d been so worried about being separated from her family that she’d been blind to what her friend had done to help her. Today she says, “I would never have figured out what happened if Denise hadn’t called me on it.”
When a friend hurts you, your instinct is to protect yourself. But that makes it harder to solve problems, explains William Wilmot, author of Relational Communication. “Most of us are relieved when differences are brought out in the open.”
Apologize when you’re wrong—even if you’ve also been wronged. But over the course of a friendship, even the best people make mistakes. “We don’t think clearly when we’re arguing,” says Michael Lang, a professional mediator (调解人) in Pittsburgh. Instead, says Lang, ask: “What’s going on? This doesn’t make sense.”
See things from your friend’s point of view. Sociologists Rebecca Adams Rosemary and Blieszner interviewed 53 adults who each had many friendships lasting decades. “We were curious how these people managed to sustain strong friendships for so long,” says Blieszner. Tolerance is key,the researchers learned.” It’s surprising how often an argument results from a simple misunderstanding,” adds psychotherapist Anne Frenkel.
Recognize that friendships change. “Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change,” Wilmot observes.
Making friends can sometimes seem easy, says Yager. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that affect all relationships. Her suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.
Title: Keep on your friendships | ||
Our friendships should be _ (66)_________ | According to a survey, friends are more(67)________ than other things like homes ,jobs and cars .However ,the better friends you are, the more (68)_______ you may face more conflicts. | |
(69) to mending a broken friendship | Swallow your pride | When a friendship is damaged, it only makes things worse to escape from reality. Instead, we should lay down our self-esteem and (70) our feelings straight forwardly to our friends. |
Make an apology when you are mistaken | We should (71)_______ arguing since it makes no sense at all. | |
(72)_____ differences | We’d better learn to put ourselves in our friends’ shoes. In many cases, a simple misunderstanding can (73)______ to arguments. | |
Recognize the change of friendships | We should be (74)________ of the fact that friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. | |
Conclusion | Friendship is an honor and a gift, and it is worthwhile (75) ______ efforts to cherish and nurture. |
There is a woman name Tao Porchon-Lynch. She was born in India in 1918. So, if you do the math, she’s 99. And at the age of 99, she has been recognized as the oldest yoga teacher in the world. She has been teaching yoga in a gym in her hometown, full-time, since 1967.
But that’s not all she’s done. She has also been a model, actress and dancer. She became a model after she graduated from high school. She acted in more than ten fields. She won a lot of medals as a dancer in many competitions. She once said, “If you try your best and never give up, nothing is impossible.” And she is a firm believer in positive thinking. She dreams the impossible dreams, and she is also well known as a thinker.
Tao Porchon-Lynch is not the person who talks the talk; she is the person who walks the walk. When she makes up her mind to do something, she takes action to do it without delay. At the age of 85, she learned how to dance and even won several dance competitions. She offers this piece of advice to others, “Don’t put off till tomorrow what you can do today. Don’t delay. Tomorrow never comes.”
So, what about retirement? At 98, she is well past the age when many people make retirement plans. Retiring, it turns out, is not Tao’s style. “A little girl, who is only 6 years old and is now learning yoga with me, once asked me, ‘Dear granny, what are you going to do when you retire?’” Tao Porchon-Lynch told the little girl that she had no plans to retire but instead would continue to teach yoga and dance her way to next planet.
56. What is Tao Porchon-Lynch’s job now?(No more than 5 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
57. What is Tao Porchon-Lynch’s secret of success in so many fields? (No more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
58. How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? (No more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
59. What is Tao Porchon-Lynch’s following plan now? (No more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
60. Do you agree with Tao Porchon-Lynch’s attitude toward life? Give reasons in your own words. (No more than 20 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________
Over the years, the image I had of my father was formed from all the stories I had heard. He was 27 when he died. I was only a few months old. A single photograph of me in his arms is the only evidence I have that we ever met.
When I was young, there was a children’s book called The Happy Family. Its image of the family was typical(典型的)of the time. Dad worked all day long at the office, Mom baked in the kitchen, and brother and sister always had friends sleeping over(再别人家里过夜). The family in the book looked nothing like my family, but, luckily, in the way my Aunt Marion read it to me, the story became highly entertaining.
My aunt was the one who played baseball with me and went horseback riding with me. She helped me find my first job and asked her male friends at work to take me to the father-son dinners that marked the end of every sports seasons. When the time came, she convinced the elderly man next door to teach me how to shave(刮胡子).When I was 15, she gave me lessons on how to drive.
Aunt Marion never got married. This meant that she was free to spend her spare time taking care of me.
But being Aunt Marion, she didn’t and still doesn’t give herself much praise. Unless forced to stand in front in family photos, she’s always in the background, and she doesn’t think her efforts have made a difference. So every June for the past 40 years, with growing gratitude to my Aunt Marion, I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card.
51. Where did the author grow up? (no more than 5 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
52. How did the author feel when listening to his aunt reading The Happy Family? (1 word)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
53. What was Aunt Marion trying to do according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
54. What does the underlined word “gratitude” in the last paragraph probably mean? (1 word)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
55. Who do you admire most in your family? Why? (no more than 25 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The steady increase in women having babies later in life is undeniable. First-time mothers are more likely to be 35 or older than their counterparts (对应者) from two decades ago, according to the Pew Research Center. While the number of first-time moms between ages 20 and 24 falls, the number of births to women in their 30s and 40s keeps growing. In addition, recent wide-ranging studies have found significant long-term benefits in waiting to have babies. These benefits counterbalance (抵消) some worries about being an older mother and the effects it may have on children.
Longevity for women who wait
A study in the journal Menopause examined older mothers’ life expectancy (寿命) and found that women who had their last child after the age of 33 are more likely to live to 95. In fact, researchers reported that these women had twice the chance of living to 95 or older than those who had their last child before their 30th birthday. The news for women having babies after 40 is equally promising.
Boosted brainpower for older mothers
It’s also possible that later pregnancies (怀孕) protect against cognitive decline. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that women have better brainpower if they have their last baby after age 35. The researchers looked at the pregnancy history of a group of 830 women ages 41 to 92. Their research provides strong evidence of a positive association between later age at last pregnancy and late-life cognition.
Increased income over time
There’s a measurable link between the age you have your first child and income gains and losses. Women who start their families when they are older are likely to increase their earning potential.
Educational and emotional support for children
Older parents who are less stressed about income or job security tend to be more patient and can spend more time with their children. Parents who have more secondary education can also offer more specific stimulation to their children, which can be helpful for development. An investigation of 8- to 12-year-olds explored how specific parenting beliefs and behaviors—such as reading, constructive play and emotional support—affected child development. The research published in the Journal of Family Psychology found that parent education and income positively affect child achievement.
Having babies later in life
Common phenomenon | It can’t be ___51___ that the number of women having babies later in life is steadily ___52___. | |
Long-term ___53___ in waiting to have babies | Longevity for women who wait | ___54___ with those who had their last child before 30, women giving ___55___ to last child after 33 or even 40 are more likely to live to 95 or older. |
Boosted brainpower for older mothers | • Later pregnancies prevent late-life cognition from ___56___. • Research on 830 women proves that there is a ___57___ association between later age at last pregnancy and late-life cognition. | |
Increased income over time | Older mothers have the potential of increasing their income in the future. | |
Educational and___58___ support for children | • ___59___ more patience and more time, older parents with higher income and education can also offer specific stimulation to children. • Specific parenting beliefs and behaviors have influence on child ___60___. |
A conflict at work is common. If you can avoid conflict, it means you will win what you want regardless of what the other person wants. Since the potential issue has not been removed, it will simply reappear later. Here are the necessary steps to effectively get rid of conflicts at work.
★Be aware of the fact that some conflicts are unavoidable at work. On numerous occasions, conflict and disagreement are likely to happen. But when a conflict happens it's not the end of the world. On the contrary, it can be the beginning of an interesting learning process. Conflicts mean that people care enough to disagree strongly. The trick is not to allow the conflict to go on forever.
★ Deal with conflicts sooner rather than later. Solve a conflict when it starts, as it only gets worse with time going by. Conflicts at work arise not from something that was said, but from something that wasn't said! Everyone's waiting for the other to admit he's wrong and gets more unpleasant after the conflict has lasted a while. It's essential to interrupt the "waiting game" before it gets to that point.
★ Ask nicely. If somebody has done something that made you angry, or if you don't understand their viewpoint or actions, simply asking nicely about it can make a world of difference. Never assume that people do what they do to annoy or hurt you. Sometimes there's a good reason why that person does what he or she does, and a potential conflict disappear right there. Do remember to make an inquiry, not an accusation of any sort.
★ Appreciate. Praise the other part in the conflict. Tell them why it's worth it to you to solve the conflict. This can be difficult as few people find it easy to praise and appreciate a person they disagree strongly with, but it's a great way to move forward.
Topic | How to ____51____ conflicts at work |
Reason | Conflicts won't ____52____ if not dealt with |
____53____ on handling conflicts | ● Don't be afraid of conflicts which can happen in many ___54___ and try to resolve a conflict soon or it will get _____55_____ ●Interrupt the "waiting game" and try to admit your ____56____ actively. ● Don’t imagine people do something to make you ____57____ on purpose. ● Remember not to ____58____ others, but ask them nicely about what they do, which may make a difference. ● Try to appreciate the other part in the conflict although it is ____59____ to do so. |
_______60_______ | If you learn to do with conflicts, you'll work in joy. |
Cross-country skiing can be enjoyed by a wide range of students, from the youngest kindergartners to those secondary students. It is really a fun activity, providing students a gentle workout outside in winter. While having fun, students can gain physical and mental benefits.
The physical benefits of cross-country skiing are well-known. If we look at Olympic cross-country skiers, we can see the positive effects on the body that result from training for cross-country skiing.
The average best female cross-country skiers carry 11 percent body fat, and best male skiers carry 5 percent. These percentages are well below the average people who are considered to be athletic—17 percent for females and 10 percent for males. Burning a high number of calories while skiing helps to keep skiers slim in a healthy and attractive way.
Cross-country skiing is also an efficient way to exercise a large number of muscles at once. The upper body gets much more of workout because skiers use ski poles as a means of propulsion (推进), the force that drives skiers forward. Of course, the leg muscles also do their fair share. People who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks will discover that the muscles of their whole body increase in strength.
Cross-country skiing on a regular basis has a tremendous effect on a person’s cardiovascular (心血管的) system. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people who use cross-country skiing as a workout method over several weeks will also discover that their heart is stronger. A strong heart pumps more efficiently, sending out more blood to the muscles with each contraction (收缩). Through weeks of skiing, people often discover that their resting heart rate has decreased. Highly trained Olympic cross-country skiers have resting heart rates between 28 and 40 beats per minute. Compare that to the resting heart rate of the average person, which is 60 to 80 beats per minute!
The benefits of cross-country skiing extend beyond overall general health. A lot of evidence exists showing that regular physical activities increase the release of mood-lifting endorphins (内啡肽) in the body. After fun skiing lessons, students will be full of energy; they will be relaxed and in a better mood than when they started class. Students will leave class with a sense of accomplishment, knowing that they have developed new skills in a fun activity.
Cross-country skiing is a great way to exercise the whole body. Now more and more students are taking part in this exercise outside during the winter months. They are enjoying it and benefiting from it!
___51___ to cross-country skiing | Cross-country skiing is a winter activity suitable for students of___52___ ages which benefits them physically and mentally. | |
Benefits of cross-country skiing | Reducing body fat | Training for cross-country skiing___53___ their body positively, making them slim in a healthy way. |
___54___ muscles | Muscles can be built up___55___ if skiers take part in the activity. | |
Improving the cardiovascular system | ● A strong heart is beneficial to blood___56___. ●___57___ with that of the average person, the resting heart rate of highly trained skiers is lower per minute. | |
Lifting mood | ● The release of mood-lifting endorphins can be ___58___. ● Students will be___59___ and relaxed after skiing lessons. | |
Conclusion | Cross-country skiing is such a good way to work out that a ___60___ number of students are enjoying and benefiting from it. |
Harvard University health policy researcher Ellen Meara says scholars have found some clues as to why some groups of people have more or less disease than others. She says one important factor in people's health is the amount of education they have.
In her most recent paper, Meara looked at data from the United States census(人口普查). These counts of people occur every 10 years. Meara and her colleagues examined data from several decades.
Meara says they found that in 1990, a 25-year-old who only had some secondary school could expect to live for a total of 75 years. In 2000, a 25 year old with some secondary education could also expect to live to the age of 75.
In contrast, for a better educated 25-year-old, they could expect to live to the age of 80 in 1990. Someone with a similar education level in the year 2000 could expect to live to be more than 81 years, 81.6 years to be exact.
Meara says, not only do better-educated people live longer to begin with, but in the past ten years, more educated people have made gains in the length of their lives. Meanwhile, the life expectancy hasn’t changed for less educated people.
Some of these gains can be explained. Meara says researchers know that people who are more educated are more likely to quit smoking cigarettes, or not start at all, compared to people with less education.
“I think it’s a reminder not to be satisfactory,” Meara says. “Just because a population overall appears to be getting healthier, it doesn't always mean that those advantages and successes that many people have enjoyed really extend into all parts of the population. And I think that's something to really pay attention to regardless of whether you live in the US or elsewhere.”
Meara points out that education can often determine income--- people with more education frequently make more money. This makes them aware of health care, and purchase other resources and services that can keep them healthier. But the data on income do not show that people who make more money are automatically healthier. Meara says education is key. People need to be educated in order to take advantage of opportunities for better health.
Title: The Amount of Education (71) ____________ to People’s Health.
Groups of people | Less educated people | (72) __________ educated people | |
Analysis of the (73)__________ from the census | In 1990 | They could live for 75 years. | They could live to the age of 80. |
In 2000 | Their life expectancy was the same as in 1990. | They could live (74) ___________ to the age of 81.6. | |
In the past ten years | Their life expectancy remained (76) __________. | They made gains in the length of their lives partly (77) __________ to their quitting smoking or not smoking at all. | |
(75) ____________ of the research | People are getting healthier in general, but it doesn’t mean that all parts of the population are enjoying the advantages and successes. | ||
Income is (78) _________ to education. People with more education make more money, which helps to (79) _________ their awareness of health care, keeping them healthier. | |||
(80) _________ | Education is the key to better health. |
The worst time to look for a job is when you must have a new one immediately. Job Searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from rela-tively few options. If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects (前景) today:
Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you. Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.
Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All busi-nesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue(收益).Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the peck. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. If you associate with those that stand out from the rest, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities.
Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.
Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time. People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.
As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.
How to Improve Your Carter Prospects | |||
Passage outline | Supporting details | ||
Problem | ♦Job searching under pressure ___51___ negative consequences, such as nervous interviewing. | ||
Ways to improve your career prospects | Identify at least two different roles | ♦The roles are supposed to have ____52____to do with your current skill set. ♦Pay close attention to those things that make you ____53____. | |
Subscribe to a magazine on carter | ♦The relevant knowledge in the workplace can make you ___54___in the business world. ♦Follow the examples in your field, making it ___55___ for you too get better chances. | ||
Do exceptional work | ♦ Try your best to perform at your best. ♦ Work early to finish new tasks with a flexible and positive attitude. ♦ Cooperate with other departments Without ____56____little details. | ||
Be professionally curious | ♦ Talk about people’s careers and learn how people ___57___success in other role and fields. ♦ Widen your business knowledge by interacting with people____58____ ♦ Develop a Habit of connecting well wherever you go. | ||
Conclusion | Facing hard tasks early can help reduce your____59____. ♦ Changing jobs may be ____60____, however secure you feel today. |
Our series The Genius Behind will take you inside the minds of people who are making the impossible possible. Whether it is designing the fastest ever land vehicle, helping the blind to see or creating space history, success relies levels of knowledge to new heights . What can we learn about genius from minds? Based on the people and the projects outlined in the series, we’ve come up with five lessons.
Lesson one: New challenges require new ways of thinking
Bloodhound SSC aims to be the first vehicle to break the 1,000 mph barrier. One of the key challenge has been to design the wheels. Thinking twice, Mark Chapman, chief engineer decided to change the way they were trying to solve problems and came up with a wheel design, part car, part jet fighter and part spaceship, which would hold together and was strong enough.
Lesson two: Let evidence share your opinion
Geophysicists widely believed that water on Earth originated from comets. But by studying rocks, Steven Jacobsen discovered water hidden inside, suggesting that the oceans gradually made its way out of the planet’s interior many centuries ago. “Unfortunately, I had a pretty hard time convincing others,” he admits. Only time can tell whether the new theories are true.
Lesson three: It really is 99% efforts
Sheila Nirenberg at Cornell University is trying to develop a new prosthetic device(假肢器官)for treating blindness. “Sometimes I’m exhausted and I get burnt out,” she adds. “But then I get an email from somebody saying that they can’t see their own children’s faces, and it is like, ‘How can I possibly complain? Once I thought of this, I couldn’t eat, I couldn’t sleep—all I wanted to do was work’. It gives me the energy to just go back and keep doing it.”
Lesson four: The answer isn’t always what you expect
Sylvia Earle has spent decades trying to see the ocean with new eyes. Her “dream machine” is a submarine that could take scientists all the way to the bottom of the deepest ocean floor what sort of material could best withstand the types of pressure y would encounter thousands of miles below the ocean surface?” It could be steel, it could be titanium, it could be some sort of ceramic, or some kind of aluminium system,” says Earle. “But glass is the best choice.”
Lesson five: A little luck goes a long way
It was considered as one of the biggest success stories in the history of space exploration—20 years of planning ended earlier this year with the Philae lander landing safely Comet 67P over 300 million miles(480 million kilometers)away from Earth, though Philae’s anchoring harpoons(锚定鱼叉)didn’t fire as planned.
As a matter of fact, genius is difficult to define. “Genius is a funny word,” says Nirenberg. “I just sort of ignore it and just go on with life. You just do what you do regardless of whatever label’s attached to you. I don’t know really how else to explain it.
Title: Give lessons to be a Genius | |
Passage outlines | Supporting details |
Introduction | Our series The Genius Behind will bring you to get close to the real genius and learn lessons from their _____56_____ |
Five lessons ___57___genius | ●New ways of thinking for new challenges To be the first vehicle to break the 1,000 mph barrier, Bloodhound SSC adopted the technologies___58___to car, jet fighter and spaceship. ●Evidence of shaping your opinion It was a common ___59___that water on Earth originated from comets, so it was hard for Steven Jacobsen to___60___other geophysicists of his new discovery. ●___61___of hard work Although exhausted, I would feel ___62___ to work on the new prosthetic device on hearing from the blind saying that they can’t see their own children’s face. ●The unexpected answer ____63____in the ocean, glass is the only best choice to make a submarine that could take scientists all the way to the bottom. ●A little luck for a long way Philae lander was based on 20 years of planning, with Comet 67P safely ___64___with a small accident. |
Conclusion | In fact, there’s no___65___definition of Genius. Views on genius differ from one another, so you just do what you do regardless of whatever label’s attached to you. |
Most 20-year-olds are still trying to figure out what they want to do in life. Boyan Slat is not like that. Ever since he was 16-years old, the Dutch teenager has had one mission - to clean up the trillions of pieces of plastic that are polluting our oceans and killing precious marine life. What's amazing is that this young man who started with what sounded like an outlandish dream may actually be able to pull off this gargantuan task!
Slat's first exposure to ocean garbage came during a diving vacation in Greece. The teenager was stunned to see that there was more plastic on the beaches than fishes in the sea. Upon completing high school, he started to pursue his lifelong dream of becoming an Aerospace Engineer. However, he could never erase the images of the plastic debris from his mind.
So in 2013, Slat dropped out of college and established The Ocean Cleanup Foundation. Its mission was to create an environmentally friendly large-scale and efficient way to remove the plastic pollution from aquatic ecosystems(水生生态系统), while increasing awareness by simultaneously communicating this process intensively.
Within a year, the determined youngster and his team of 100 volunteer scientists and engineers from all around the world managed to come up with a 530-page feasibility study that laid out the technology and the financial needs for such a concept to be practical.
Called the "Ocean Cleanup Project," it did not entail chasing after every piece of floating plastic. Instead, the plan focused on the five "garbage" patches that have been accumulated by rotating ocean currents or gyres(涡流) in specific areas. According to experts, the five harbor about 5.25 trillion of the 8 trillion pieces of plastic estimated to be floating around the world's oceans today.
Slat's team hypothesized that if we create a stationary(固定的) collection area around each one, the plastic could be picked up in an economical and efficient manner. The plan was convincing enough to raise the team close to $2.2 million USD in a crowdfunding campaign.
56. What has Boyan Slat dreamed of doing since he was 16? (No more than 10 words)
57. Why was Boyan Slat surprised during a diving vacation in Greece? (No more than 10 words)
58. What was Boyan Slat’s purpose of establishing The Ocean Cleanup Foundation?
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (No more than 15 words)
60. What do you think of Boyan Slat’s action? Give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)
Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.
A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).
In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.
In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.
Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种)known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.
It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!
56. What’s the best title of the passage? (No more than 15 words)
57. What do the underlined words “a border collie” in Paragraph 2 refer to?(No more than 12words)
58. Why does Rico seem smarter than the average dog? (No more than 15 words)
59. What does the writer advise us to do by saying “it wouldn’t hurt to sweet-talk…”? (No more than 10 words)
60. Would you like to keep a dog as a pet? Why? (No more than 25 words)
阅读短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “ I hate you!” Dad would yell back, “Good! I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I need discipline.
Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections. Working in such a competitive industry, I’ve sometimes thought, “I can’t do this any more.”
Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people. If it weren’t for Dad, I wouldn’t be where I am today. He’s my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.
56. What rules did Alice’s father set for her when she was growing up?(no more than 15 words)
57. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 5 words)
58. What did Alice’s father do when she felt depressed? (no more than 5 words)
59. According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common? (no more than 10 words)
60. What do you think of Alice’s father? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
What do you do in a situation like this? You’re eating dinner with friends in a nice restaurant You’re having a great time when a phone rings at the table next to you. A man takes out his phone and starts talking loudly about problems he's having with his girlfriend He talks for almost ten minutes! This happens all the time — on buses, in restaurants, everywhere!
Many people find cell phones useful in their daily lives. But we,ve all sat next to someone talking too loudly on a cell phone. You may want to tell the loudmouth to end the conversation,but let the management take care of noisy customers. You can only control your own behavior. Here are a few rules:
* Off means off! Follow the rules of restaurants and other public places. If a sign says “turn off cell phones”, don’t use your phone.
* Lights off,phone off! Never take calls in a theater or at the movies.
Pay attention! Talking on a cell phone while driving is dangerous* And watch where you re going when you’re walking down the street and talking on the phone.
As more people use cell phones, things are only going to get worse. So, the next time you’re getting ready to.make a call,stop and consider the people around you.
61. What does the passage mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
62. What does the underlined word “loudmouth” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? (no more than 5 words)
63. Where could you see the sign “Light off, phone off!” according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)
64. What’s the author’s attitude towards someone talking too loudly on a cell phone in public? (1 word)
65.How do you like people who talk loudly on a phone in public? (no more than 10 words)
A crow lived in a thick forest filled with many birds. The crow was very content with his carefree life until he saw a swan one day. The swan was flying over a lake. “This swan is so white,” he thought, “and I am so black. It must be the happiest bird in the world.”
He shared his thoughts with the swan. “Actually,” the swan replied, “I thought so too until I met a parrot. It had brilliant colors of red and blue. No other bird could be happier than the parrot.”
The crow went in search for the parrot, and found it rested on the top of an old rain tree. The parrot explained, “ I too was very happy until I chanced upon a peacock . My colors paled in comparison to the peacock’s. Its rich colors put my coat to shame.”
Curiosity defeated the crow, who was determined to look for the beautiful peacock. He finally found the peacock at the zoo. Hundreds of people gathered round to watch the peacock and its beautiful wings. After the crowd left, the crow rested itself onto a rock and said, “Dear peacock,” the crow said, “ You are so beautiful. Every day, people come just to see you. People either drive me away or avoid me when they see me. You must be the happiest bird on the planet.”
The peacock replied, “My beauty had me kept in this zoo. In the years I spent here, I often thought to myself that if I were a crow, I could be enjoying a carefree life outside. Then after many months of internal struggles, I come to realize that I need to learn to be happy in what I have instead of expecting what I do not have. I am happy because I’m satisfied with my life here.”
56. How did the crow feel about his life at the beginning ? ( no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________
57. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 3? (no more than 15 words)
________________________________________________________________________
58. What do people usually do when they see a crow ? ( no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
59. Why did the peacock often wish to be a crow ? (no more than 15words)
_______________________________________________________________________
60. What do you learn from the story ? (no more than 20 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
When we were growing up in our grandparents’ home, Jack, my grandfather, was always in his room sitting in the chair and listening to the radio. The voices speaking from the metal box day and night, taught us that there was a larger world outside. He would roll the black dial (刻度盘) back and forth until the signal was clear. Then he would listen.
Now he is old and falls ill. When I went to visit him, he said to me, “I dislike the Internet. The problem is that we’re losing primary contact with each other. No more shaking hands. Everyone is so busy. We want too much and in the process of getting it we miss so much.” He stopped for a while. “It makes me lonely and sad.” Then he looked at me, “I just want to hear your voices.”
I think of all the voices on the radio he has spent a lifetime listening to. I asked, “How did you become interested in the radio?” “I don’t know,” he said. “It was another way to reach people. I was always interested in searching for a better signal, a clearer, more powerful signal that could communicate with someone somewhere.”
“And I’ll tell you another funny thing: you can electronically eliminate all kinds of noise from the signal, but you can’t remove natural noise caused by thunder and lightning, rainstorms, or snowstorms.”
He closed his eyes and smiled. “I was just thinking that in spite of all our technologies, maybe we haven’t progressed that far as human beings. We shouldn’t forget we still have the same basic needs.”
51.What did Jack use to do in his room? (No more than 15 words)
__________________________________________________________________
52.Why did Jack roll the black dial back and forth? (No more than 8 words)
__________________________________________________________________
53. How is Jack feeling now? (No more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________
54.What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 4 mean? (4 words)
__________________________________________________________________
55.What should you do to solve the problem of losing direct contact with others?
(No more than 20 words)
___________________________________________________________________