Joan Ryan is an award-winning journalist and author. She was a pioneer in sports journalism, becoming one of the first female sports columnists(专栏作家) in the country. She covered every major sporting event from the super Bowl to the Olympics as well as championship fights.
What made Joan decide to be a sports writer? “Ten years ago, I was editing news stories at orlando Sentinel in Florida – my first job out of college. I didn′t know any female sports writers. But I wanted to be one.”
Today,Joan is the sports columnist for the San Francisco Examiner in California.When she landed her job eight years ago,she was the only woman sports writer on any major American newspaper. (She is now one of about six.)
Was it difficult to pioneer as a female sports writer?You bet!Take for example,the first time Joan tried to get an interview in the men's locker room. “It was the U.S. Football League. I wanted to interview one of the players,Joe Cribbs,because he had just broken a finger. As soon as I stepped into the locker room—where all sports writers interview athletes—the room went crazy. Guys started shouting at me.It was really terrible.Suddenly I felt something move up my leg.It was the handle of the razor(剃刀)that someone usde to cut the bandage.I shouted and walked out.”
Joan ended up interviewing Cribbs—outside the locker room.“As I think back,I feel this was an important moment for me as a journalist. I went back and wrote my story and made my beadline. Now I kown for sure that nothing can stop me form getting the story. ”
If you want to be a sports writer ,Joan suggests that you read “the best fiction writers” and learn how to write well. Her other suggestions:“Don't let anyone keep you from doing what you want to do. Just pretend you have courage”.
21.We learn from the text that Joan Ryan .
A.loves playing sports and reporting sports events
B.became a sports writer immediately after graduation
C.was the chief editor of Orlando Sentinel in Florida
D.is one of the first female writers in the sports field
22.The underlined part “You bet” in Paragraph 4 can be best replaced by“ ”
A.Of course B.It all depends C.No problem D.Not a bit
23.What can we infer from Paragraphs 4 and 5 ?
A.Joe Cribbs didn't like to be interviewed.
B.Joan Ryan was discouraged by her first interview experience.
C.Joan Ryan disliked doing interviews in the locker room.
D.Joan Ryan managed to interview Joe Cribbs.
24. According to Joan Ryan,to become a sports writer,one must .
A.have the courage to face difficulties B.read as many books as possible
C.have excellent interview skills D.learn writing from other sports writers
DADA
The National Parks and Wildlife Service(NPWS)is part of the Department of Environment and Conservation—the main government conservation agency(保护机构)in New South Wales, Australia. On the NPWS site you can find out about parks and reserves,Australian plants and animals,and conservation programs to join. NPWSAustralia.gov.au.
Learn about Australian animals on our animals website. Look at their physical features, food, homes, environment, and social groups.Three types of animals can be found here:those found in the air,on the ground,and in the water. Aussielandanimals.com
Oban,the Knowledge Keeper,has collected a variety of interesting Australian animal stories on this website. Discover how the kangaroo got its pouch(育儿袋)and how the cockatoo(凤头鹦鹉)got its crest(冠),among other stories. Obanknowledge.net
This site has a lot of amazing Australian creatures. It contains pictures of forty-five Australian animals that you can print and color. Each picture provides information on the exact coloring for each animal. In addition to printing pictures of the animals,you can copy a printout,put it into a painting program,and color the animal there. FantasticAnimals.org
Queensland in Australia has many different types of Australian antive plants and animals. Learn about threatened wildlife and find out what you can do to help. QueenslandAustralia.org
Ready for some Australian fun-time games? This website has many to choose from.There are puzzles,mind games,quizzes,and a coloring book. A link(链接)on this site has free Australian greeting cards that you can send. AussieGreetings.com
Some of Australia's interesting animals are non-native animals.This website gives information about some of the most destructive non-native animals in Australia and explains efforts to control their populations. Red foxes,rabbits,cane toads,and feral pigs are just four of the problematic Australian animals. Australian Invasion..com
25.What do we know about Oban?
A.It shows lots of parks and reserves.
B.It offers interesting stories about Australian animals.
C.It has information about endangered animals .
D.It offers many conservation programs
26.If a kid wants to play mind games for fun,he should visit .
A.Obanknowledge.net B.QueenslandAustralia.org
C.FantasticAnimals.org D.AussieGreetings.com
27.What can be inferred from the text?
A.Queensland has lots of non-native animals.
B.Non-native animals have caused problems in Australia.
C.The NPWS site deals with environmental problems.
D.Visitors can send free cards on all these websites
BDB
In many sports,physical contact is part of the game. But when athletes hit their heads,the hit can cause concussions(脑震荡).
Concussions have long been a concern for professional athletes,but they've become more common among young players too. Between 2001 and 2009,the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent.
Engineers are developing new helmets(头盔),and new rules are limiting physical contact in some sports. But are these efforts enough to protect kids' brains?
Concussions can happen during many types of activities. But sports like football and soccer are especially risky. When you run or jump,your body is moving at an increased speed. A sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different direction.
“It's like when you're in a bus and it makes a sudden stop,”says Dr.Kevin Crutchfield,an expert at a sports concussion center in Baltimore,Maryland.“You hit the inside of the bus.”
This hit damages the brain. It affects the way the brain functions(运转). So some sports require athletes to wear helmets.Helmets help reduce the force of a hit.The hard outer shell spreads the force over a larger area. Inside a helmet,a plastic or air-filled lining also helps soften the blow.
Steve Rowson is an engineer at Virginia Tech. In his lab,he tests how helmets hold up against different types of hits. No helmet can prevent concussions completely,says Rowson. But he's found that when wearing a newer football helmet,the player's head doesn't gain speed as much after a hit.That lowers the risk of concussions.
Many youth sports teams have set limits on physical contact to reduce the risk of concussions. In soccer,most concussions happen as a result of headers—shots or passes made with the head.That's why many people think kids shouldn't head the ball until high school.
These efforts should help,says Crutchfield. But the best way to prevent long-term brain injuries,he says,is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion. “Protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.”
28.Concussions among young players .
A.are rare before 2001 B.are mostly caused by wearing no helmets
C.cause kids to lose interest in sports
D.seem extremely worrying
29.The author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to .
A.give a better explanation of concussions
B.show human brains are easily damaged
C.stress it's dangerous to ride buses.
D.remind people to wear helmets while playing sports
30.What does Steve Rowson think of the newer football helmets?
A.They vary a lot in size B.They allow the players to move their heads more freely.
C.They slow down the players' running speed.
D.They work better than the old ones.
31.Dr.Crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion,young players should .
A.never head the ball B.stop playing the sport for a while
C.paly other kinds of sports D.avoid dangerous sports
DADB
According to Mars Inc. and Barry Callebaut,two of the world's biggest chocolate makers,people are eating more cocoa than farmers can grow. That means the world is in the middle of a chocolate shortage—and it could get worse.
Last year,people across the world ate 70,000 metric tons more cocoa than was produced. Chocolate makers say that shortage could reach 1 million metric tons by 2020,and 2 million metric tons by 2030.
Experts say that there are several reasons for this. Higher temperatures and dry weather in West Africa,where about 70 percent of the world's cocoa beans are grown,have greatly hurt production there.
Plant diseases have also destroyed crops.The International Cocoa Organization (ICCO)estimates(估计)that the disease has reduced the world's cocoa production by 30 to 40 percent.
As the shortage continues,experts say chocolate bars will get smaller and less tasty. Farmers have been producing a new strain(品种)of cacao,the seed from which cocoa is made,called CCN-51. This strain is resistant(抗……的)to the plant disease and produces about seven times more cocoa beans than typical cocoa strains,but it's less tasty. Producers will also add ingredients such as vanilla and vegetable fat to chocolate so that they can use less cocoa,and chocolate bars will contain more fillers like nuts and raisins.
At the same time,the price of chocolate has been increasing. Cocoa prices have risen by more than 60 percent since 2012.
But it's not all doom and gloom for chocolate.One Central American research organization has developed more new strains of cacao that are diseaes-resistant but still taste good. And some experts say the shortage has been exaggerated(夸大).“While our estimates show that supply shortages are likely to occur during the next several years,”the ICCO said in a statement,“supplies of cocoa beans should last until production growth increases.”
In other words,the world's chocolate lovers may not need to panic just yet.
32.The main reasons for the cocoa shortage are .
A.hot and dry climate and plant diseases B.high temperatures and loss of land
C.cold weather and a water shortage
D.environmental damage and people's waste
33.What do we know about CCN-51?
A.It's a new brand of chocolate.
B.It can resist diseases and has high production.
C.It enjoys great popularity across the world.
D.It's tastier than typical cocoa strains.
34.The underlined part “it's not all doom and gloom” can be replaced by .
A.it's not good B.it's not all bad news
C.it's not always clear D.it's not helpful
35.What is the ICCO's attitude towards the cocoa supply shortage?
A.Doubtful B.Cautious C.Unconcerned D.Optimistic
ABBD
Exercise
Exercise is a way of keeping the body healthy through being active. Another name for exercise is physical fitness. Most people exercise in their spare time. Sports are some of the most popular ways to get exercise.
The two main kinds of exercise are aerobic exercise(有氧运动)and anaerobic exercise(无氧运动).Sports such as football and basketball are great forms of exercise . 36
Aerobic exercise is energetic movement that lasts for a certain period of time. 37 The lungs and the heart work harder to bring in extra oxygen. Swimming, cycling, running and rapid walking are good examples of aerobic exercise.
Anaerobic exercise is a powerful burst (爆发) of movement followed by a period of rest. During anaerobic exercise the muscles(肌肉)need more energy than the body can make with its supply of oxygen. After the exercise a person feels out of breath because the muscles have worked without oxygen. 38
Exercise affects every part of the body in positive ways. It improves balance and coordination(协调). 39 Exercise strengthens the heart and increases the lungs′ ability to take in oxygen. Through exercise the bones and muscles get stronger, and the whole body becomes healthy and strong.
40 People who exercise generally have a more positive, happy attitude.
A. Exercise also gives people a greater feeling of well-being.
B. Frequent and regular exercise helps prevent diseases.
C. This is because they combine both of these types.
D. It also improves posture, or the resting position of the body.
E. Weight lifting ,jumping, and golfing are all types of anaerobic exercise.
F. Physical exercise can contribute positively to keeping a healthy weight.
G. During aerobic exercise the body combines oxygen with sugar to get more energy.
CGEDA
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