In the United States, 30 percent of the adult population has a weight problem. To many people, the cause is obvious: we eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were leaner than today, yet they ate more food. In those days people worked hard physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn’t watch television.

Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people do not eat more on the average than thinner people. In fact, some investigations, such as a 1979 study of 3,545 London office workers, report that, on balance, fat people eat less than slimmer people.

Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting fact: The more the man ran, the greater loss of the body fat. The more they ran, the greater increase in food intake.

Thus, those who ran most ate most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.

1. What kind of physical problem do many adult Americans have?

A. They are too fat    B. They work too hard    

C. They are too slim          D. They lose too much body fat

2. Based upon the statistics given in the article, suppose there are 5000 adult Americans, about how many of them will have a “weight problem”?

A. 1500     B. 1000     C. 1200     D. 1800

3. In comparison with the adult American population today, the Americans of 1910________.

A. ate less food but had more activities         B. ate more food and had physical activities   

C. ate less food and had less physical exercise        D. had more weight problems

4. What have medical and scientific researches reported to us?

A. Thin people run less, but have greater increase in food intake,   

B. Fat people eat more food than slim people and are more active.    

C. Fat people eat more food than slim people but are less active.     

D. Fat people eat less food and are less active.

  Frank Smithson woke up and leaned over to turn off the alarm clock. "Oh no!" he thought to himself. "Another day at that office，a boss who shouts at me all the time."
　　As Frank went downstairs, his eyes fell on a large brown envelope by the door. He was overjoyed when he opened it and read the letter inside. "Bigwoods Football Pools(赌博公司)would like to congratulate you. You have won half a million pounds."
　　Frank suddenly became so excited. The cigarette fell from his lips as he let out shout that could be heard halfway down the street.
　　At 11:30 Frank arrived at work. "Please explain why you're so late," his boss said. "Go and jump in the lake," replied Frank. "I've just come into a little money so this is good-bye. Find yourself someone else to shout at."
　　That evening Frank was smoking a very expensive Havana cigar when a knock was heard on the door. He rushed to the door. Outside were two men,neatly dressed in grey suits. "Mr Smithson," one of them said, "we're from Bigwoods Pools. I'm afraid there's been a terrible mistake…"
5. What do we know about Frank?
　 A. He didn't make a lot of money.            B. He was a lucky person.
　 C. He didn't get on well with his boss.     D. He was a lazy man
6. When he heard the knock at the door, Frank probably thought____.　　.
　 A. someone had come to make an apology.
　 B. someone had come to give him the money.

  C. his friends had come to ask about the football pools.
　 D. his friends had come to congratulate him on his luck.
7. On hearing "…there's been a terrible mistake…" Frank was most likely to be___　　.

  A. excited             B. worried        C. nervous　     D. disappointed

Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough，the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent（程度）our intelligence is given to us at birth，and special education can never make a genius(天才) out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts can be supported in a number of ways.

It is easy to say that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they  will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters，parents and children，usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.

Imagine that now we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.

8. 1. The writer is likely to agree that man's intelligence is given to him_________.

A. at birth                                               B. through education

C. both at birth and through education                 D. neither at birth nor through education

9. A child who lives in rich and varied surroundings turns out higher in intelligence because ________.

A. these surroundings are likely to help him reach the limits of their intelligence

B. he can break the limits of intelligence fixed at birth

C. his family is rich and provides him with various healthy food

D. his family is rich and therefore can afford to develop his intelligence

10. In the second paragraph the underlined part “if we take two unrelated people at random from the population．．．” means “if we ____．”

A. choose two persons who are relative

B. choose two persons with different intelligence

C. pick out two persons who are sisters or brothers

D. pick out identical twins

11. The best title for this passage might be __________.        

A. Birth and Environment              B. The Answer to a Question

C. Intelligence                   D. Intelligence and Education

LONDON (Reuters)  Ecotourism is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be endangering the survival of the very animals people are flocking to see, according to re­searchers.

Biologists and conservationists(环保者) are worried because polar bears, dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying.

“Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard”New Scientist magazine said.

The immediate effects researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates. or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see. ”

Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10-30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss-based World Conservation Union (IUCN) and some governments fear not all projects are audited（审计） and based on environmentally friendly policies，according to the magazine.

Transmission of disease to wildlife，or small changes to wildlife health through dis­turbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding，” said Philip Seddon , of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.

Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist boats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by colorists are producing smaller babies.

Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on ani­mals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started.

“The animals’ welfare should be very important because without them there will be no ecotourism，” said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland in New Zealand

12.  Which is not discovered to have changed in animals disturbed by tourists?

   A. birth rate     B. behavior    C. hormone levels    D. heart rates

13.  We may learn from the text that _____.

A. polar bears are losing weight without enough food

B. ecotourism must be developed properly

C. money produced through ecotourism should be spent on wildlife

D. all the poor countries have stopped ecotourism

14.  Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?

A. Many animals do not react well in their backyard

B. Polar bears in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.

C. Ecotourism has been growing at about 10—30 percent a year.

D. Studies should be done before new ecotourism projects are started

15.  What Rochelle Constantine said in the last paragraph implies that _____.

A. animals are people's good friends

B. animals have rights to live their own life

C. if people want to get high income, they must develop ecotourism

D. people should take good care of wildlife

It is not so easy to disagree with your parents. Here are a few quick tips on how to show your opinion in the right way.

____16____Don't let angry words fly out of your mouth if you don't really want to say them，or you will have a lot of work to do later.

____17___ How would you feel if you were your mother or father? Why do they do that? Is it really bad? Try to stay calm. If you find yourself getting too angry，ask for some time to be alone. ___18____

Learn to listen. Maybe your parents aren't as persuasive as you think. ____19___Pay attention to needs rather than problems. ___20____Tell your parents that you want to discuss the problem with them rather than working against them.

A. If you can，try to discuss the problem with your parents at another time.

B. Never listen to your parents.

C. Hear them out and then decide how to deal with the problem.

D. Be clear about what you need，rather than focusing on why you disagree.

E. Think about the problem from your parents' point of view.

F. It is quite common to disagree with one's parents.

G. Think before you speak.