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河北省2022届高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题含解析
河北省2022届高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题含解析
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2022-01-31
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1.

Lonely Planet Trips

Here are some travel destinations by Lonely Planet. Reading them, you’ll be in a flash.

Bhutan

The Kingdom of Bhutan, located on the Silk Road in South Asia, claimed the No. 1 spot partly for its majestic beauty and because it had become the first fully organic nation by 2020. The kingdom has lush subtropical plains in the south and sub-alpine Himalayan mountains in the north, which include Gangkhar Puensum, Bhutan’s highest peak and is believed to be the highest unclimbed mountain in the world.

North Macedonia

If you want an alternative to Europe's more popular travel spots, North Macedonia could be for you. Its mountains and their trails are “blissfully quiet” and the locals are “unfailingly helpful” according to Lonely Planet. Among its destinations is Ohrid, a charming, old town dotted with medieval ruins and churches, lined with cobblestone streets, and overlooking Lake Ohrid.

Eswatini

The kingdom offers multitudinous climate and topography differences, and is known for its wide varieties of wild animals, which include more than 500 bird species and 107 mammal species. The nation has seven nature reserves, four frontier conservation areas and three wildlife reserves.

Costa Rica

Costa Rica is beloved for many reasons, from its coffee to its epic surfing. It’s also notable for its reliance on green energy sources. In fact, 90% of its energy is created by regenerative sources such as wind and hydro. It is also one of the world’s most biodiverse countries — home to half a million species. Of course, no trip to Costa Rica is complete without a visit to the Sloth Sanctuary.

1 What can tourists appreciate in both Bhutan and North Macedonia?

A Organic products. B Subtropical jungles.

C Medieval architecture. D Mountain scenery.

2 Which of the following features Eswatini?

A Pleasant quietness. B Topography varieties.

C Abundant wildlife. D Cobblestone streets.

3 What is Costa Rica distinguished for?

A Renewable resources. B Biodiverse plants.

C Frontier preserves. D The Silk Road.

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【答案】

1 D

2 C

3 A

【分析】

本文是说明文。文章介绍了《孤独星球》推荐的四个旅行圣地 —— 不丹、北马其顿、伊斯瓦蒂尼和哥斯达黎加。

1

细节理解题。根据 Bhutan 部分中的 “The kingdom has lush subtropical plains in the south and sub-alpine Himalayan mountains in the north, which include Gangkhar Puensum, Bhutan’s highest peak and is believed to be the highest unclimbed mountain in the world.( 不丹南部有郁郁葱葱的亚热带平原,北部有亚高山喜马拉雅山脉,其中包括不丹的最高峰甘卡普森山,它被认为是世界上最高的未被攀登的山峰 )” North Macedonia 部分中的 “Its mountains and their trails are “blissfully quiet” and the locals are “unfailingly helpful” according to Lonely Planet .( 《孤独星球》称,这里的山脉和小径 宁静得令人幸福 ,当地人 永远乐于助人 ”)” 可知,不丹和北马其顿能让游客欣赏到山景。故选 D 项。

2

细节理解题。根据 Eswatini 部分中的 “The kingdom offers multitudinous climate and topography differences, and is known for its wide varieties of wild animals, which include more than 500 bird species and 107 mammal species. The nation has seven nature reserves, four frontier conservation areas and three wildlife reserves.( 这个王国拥有众多不同的气候和地形,并以其丰富多样的野生动物而闻名,其中包括 500 多种鸟类和 107 种哺乳动物。国家有七个自然保护区,四个边境保护区和三个野生动物保护区 )” 可知,伊斯瓦蒂尼以其丰富多样的野生动物而闻名。故选 C 项。

3

细节理解题。根据 Costa Rica 部分中的 “It’s also notable for its reliance on green energy sources. In fact, 90% of its energy is created by regenerative sources such as wind and hydro.( 它对绿色能源的依赖也值得注意。事实上,它 90% 的能源是由风能和水能等可再生能源产生的 )” 可知,哥斯达黎加以可再生资源著称。故选 A 项。

【点睛】

阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意: 1. 排除干扰项,突出主题。 2. 按文章的体裁,作者写作的组织模式及有关信息,预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。 3. 将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上,快速浏览,一目十行。发现细节,十目一行,放慢速度,仔细核对比较,直到找到正确答案。

2.

He Zehui, a Chinese nuclear physicist, accomplished great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist.

Her family is famous for producing three famous women scientists, including her two sisters. She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang — China's "father of the atomic bomb”. In 1940, she earned a Ph. D in Engineering.

The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission (铀核裂变), which drew global attention and earned them worldwide reputations, also marking a milestone in the development of China's experimental fission physics. Many Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”

As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China, Professor He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics. During the 1950s, she started the research and development of nuclear emulsions (核乳胶) in China and their research reached the advanced world level at that time. He and her research group took the lead in building China's first nuclear reactor and accelerator. She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national program of nuclear weapon development.

Throughout her career, He conquered many obstacles, and was always on the front lines of China's science-related work. She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame. The world's top physicists recognized He as a famous scientist, “ Chinese Madame Curie”.

He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97, nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang. She dedicated herself to science, living a simple life, always nurturing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued. She loved her country and science; to both she is now an icon.

1 What is the focus of paragraph 2 about He Zehui?

A Identity background. B Character personalities.

C Education experiences. D Profession competence.

2 What do we know about Qian Sanqiang?

A He died following his wife in 1991.

B He won the National Prize of Natural Sciences.

C He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics.

D He is also a remarkable Chinese scientist.

3 Why is He Zehui acknowledged as "The Chinese Marie Curie”

A For her great contributions to nuclear physics.

B For her accomplishment in the atomic bomb.

C For her continuous achievement in natural science.

D For her research of nuclear emulsions.

4 How can we fittingly describe He Zehui?

A Ambitious, talented, conservative and determined.

B Unselfish, patriotic, indifferent to fame and devoted to science.

C Aggressive, imaginative, strong in mind and kind in heart.

D Knowledgeable, awesome, creative and sociable.

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【答案】

1 C

2 D

3 A

4 B

【分析】

本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了 中国的居里夫人 何泽慧及其成就。

1

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段 “She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang — China's "father of the atomic bomb”. In 1940, she earned a Ph. D. in Engineering.( 1936 年,她毕业于清华大学物理系,随后进入柏林工业大学学习。在那里,她以优异的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的 原子弹之父 钱三强,成为班上的第一名。 1940 年,她获得了工程学博士学位。 )” 可知,本段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历。故选 C

2

细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang — China's "father of the atomic bomb”. ( 随后进入柏林工业大学学习。在那里,她以优异的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的 原子弹之父 钱三强,成为班上的第一名。 )” 和第三段介绍的夫妻俩的成就可知,其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选 D

3

推理判断题。根据第一段 “He Zehui, a Chinese nuclear physicist, accomplished great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist.( 中国核物理学家何泽辉在物理学上做出了巨大成就,成为一名杰出的科学家。 )” 、第三段的最后一句 “Many Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”. ( 许多西方媒体称这对夫妇的 中国居里夫人和皮埃尔 · 居里 )” 和第四段的第一句 “As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China, Professor He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics. ( 作为我国核科学技术的开拓者之一,何教授对核物理做出了重要贡献。 )” 可知,因何泽慧对中国的核物理作出了巨大贡献,西方媒体称其为 中国的居里夫人 。故选 A

4

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段 “She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame.( 她发表了几十篇论文,但并不看重个人名声。 )” 和最后一段 “She dedicated herself to science, living a simple life, always nurturing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued. She loved her country and science;( 她献身于科学,过着简朴的生活,总是培养年轻的研究人员,保持着她一直以来所重视的最高标准。她爱她的国家和科学 ;)” 可知,何泽慧淡泊名利、爱国、乐于助人,献身于中国的科学事业,有极高的科研素养,对中国的核物理的研究和发展作出了极大的贡献,是值得我们学习、顶礼膜拜的杰出的核物理学家。故选 B

3.

While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.

Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.

“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.

Even though conversion ( 转化 ) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.

“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.

In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage ( 新创的词语 ) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.

1 What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?

A It hasn’t recently been opposed by many grammarians.

B It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.

C It hasn’t been a rare phenomenon in the past century.

D It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice

2 What is most leading experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?

A Cautious. B Satisfied.

C Disappointed. D Unconcerned.

3 What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?

A Predictable. B Practicable.

C Approaching. D Impossible.

4 What is the best title for the text?

A Are 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns

B Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?

C Are You Comfortable about a New Verb?

D Are There Any Rules for Verbing?

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【答案】

1 C

2 A

3 D

4 B

【分析】

本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中 名词动用 的语言现象,据专家估计 20% 的英语动词原本是名词,但大多数专家对 名词动用 这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词,因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。

1 .推理判断题。根据第三段的 Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns. (自 1900 年以来,大约 40% 的新动词来自名词)可知,我们知道在过去的一个世纪里,名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选 C

2 .推理判断题。根据第四段的 Not all are bad, but all are suspect. (不是所有的都是坏的,但所有的都是可疑的)和 The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care. (《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点,建议作者小心使用动词)可知,对于名词动用的用法,大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选 A

3 .推理判断题。根据最后一段的 Not every coinage ( 新创的词语 ) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it. (并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用,但是想要完全停止动词的使用,还是算了吧)可知,作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的,故选 D

4 .主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知,英语语言中 名词动用 的语言现象,据专家估计 20% 的英语动词原本是名词,但大多数专家对 名词动用 这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度,但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词,因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西,用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎,故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词 Summering Medaling 来进行概括,故 B 选项( Summering Medaling 很讨厌吗?)可以作为本文标题,故选 B

4.

Humans are not the only ones that like gold. Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus ( 真菌 ) that decorates its long, thread-like tendrils ( 卷须 ) with gold collected from the soil. The experts desperately hope the “gold digger” will provide information on the locations of gold deposits ( 沉淀物 ) and make searching for the precious metal easier, and more environmentally friendly.

The gold-loving fungus was discovered accidentally by a team of researchers led by Dr. Tsing Bohu, a scientist at Australia national science agency, CSIRO, when they were examining the microbes ( 微生物 ) in the soil at Boddington, a tiny town home to Australia's largest gold mine.

A closer analysis suggested that the fungus uses chemical interactions with underground minerals to accumulate gold from its surroundings. Though fungi often interact with other things in nature, the reaction with gold was unexpected. “Fungi are well-known for playing an important role in the recycling of organic material, such as leaves and bark, as well as for the cycling of other metals,” Dr. Bohu explained. “But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising.”

The fungi are not wearing the gold for beauty. “There is a biological benefit from this reaction.” Dr. Bohu said, “Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don’t work with gold.”

The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal. More importantly, they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground. The scientists also believe the fungi could be used to detect the presence of gold in waste products and man-made electronics.

However, those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment, for the delicate fungus is hard to see. Also, its gold can only be seen under a microscope.

1 What are the experts starved of?

A Investigating the sites. B Excavating the gold mines.

C Getting further informed. D Unearthing gold deposits.

2 What could be learned according to Dr. Bohu?

A Fungi’s interaction with gold is unexpected but beneficial.

B Gold’s classification is biologically identified by fungi.

C Fungi’s formation with gold is fairly natural and frequent.

D Gold is chemically accumulated by fungi’s evolution.

3 How does the author find the finding?

A It excites the gold diggers’ motivation.

B It has a long way to go before confirmation.

C It lays the foundation of geological studies.

D It ensures the search of gold sites.

4 What can be the suitable title for the text?

A Beauty-loving Fungi Wrapped by Gold

B Gold-loving Fungi Discovered in Australia

C Boddington, Austria’s Largest Gold Mine

D New Discovery of Gold with Fungi

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【答案】

1 C

2 A

3 B

4 B

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。科学家发现了 喜欢 金子的真菌。本文介绍了其发现经过、生物习性及相应的科学展望。

1

细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “The experts desperately hope the “gold digger” will provide information on the locations of gold deposits ( 沉淀物 ) and make searching for the precious metal easier, and more environmentally friendly.” 可知,专家们迫切希望 淘金者 能提供金矿的位置信息,使寻找这种贵金属变得更容易,更环保。由此可知,专家们希望获得更多关于携带金子的真菌的信息。故选 C

2

推理判断题。根据第三段中 “Though fungi often interact with other things in nature, the reaction with gold was unexpected.” Dr. Bohu 说的话 “But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising.” 可知,虽然真菌经常与自然界中的其他事物相互作用,但与黄金的反应却是出乎意料的。黄金的化学反应并不活跃,两者间的相互作用既不寻常又令人惊讶。再根据第四段中的 ““There is a biological benefit from this reaction.” Dr. Bohu said, “Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don’t work with gold.”” 可知, 这种反应有生物学上的好处。 ” Dr. Bohu 说, 与其他不能与黄金共生的真菌相比,喜欢黄金的真菌可以生长得更快、更大。 由此可知, Dr. Bohu 认为真菌与黄金的相互作用出人意料,但却是有益的。故选 A

3

推理判断题。根据第五段中 “The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal. More importantly, they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground.( 研究人员仍然需要进行进一步的分析,以了解真菌和贵金属之间的关系。更重要的是,他们需要确定它的存在是否是地下存在大量金属矿床的确切迹象 )” 以及最后一段 “However, those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment, for the delicate fungus is hard to see.( 然而,那些希望从真菌中获得免费黄金的人注定要失望了,因为这种脆弱的真菌很难看到 )” 可推断出,作者认为此发现尚需做深入的研究。故选 B

4

主旨大意题。根据第一段的 “Humans are not the only ones that like gold. Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus ( 真菌 ) that decorates its long, thread-like tendrils ( 卷须 ) with gold collected from the soil.” 以及后文都是对该喜金真菌的描述,包括发现方式、发现分析及对其的科学展望等可知,标题核心词为 gold-loving fungi( 喜金真菌 ) A 项中核心词为 beauty-loving fungi( 爱美真菌 ) ,错误; C 选项中核心词为 gold mine( 金矿 ) ,错误; D 选项中核心词为 gold with fungi( 含真菌的金子 ) ,错误。故选 B

【点睛】

标题猜测题目的解题步骤。一、阅读题目要求,确定文章主题;二,通读短文,了解段落内容作简要概括,留意核心词(比如本文的核心词为 gold-loving fungi );三、参看全文,对答案检验,是否存在段落与标题不符的情况。比如第 4 题选中 B 答案后,要将该标题带到每个分段落中,看是否存在不符。如果存在,就得重新考虑标题选择;不存在,即可确定答案。

5.

Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness, 1 Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought.

Far from being mentally ill, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a description of our experience 2

As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. 3 Psychological experiments have shown that the private speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to sorting images into categories. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person, as “you” rather than “I”.

4 If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. You’re certain to see an athlete or two cheering themselves up with a bitter phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.

Conduct a dialogue with ourselves. 5 The private speech seems to be a particularly good way of solving problems and working through ideas. The to-and-fro between different points of view means our thoughts can end up in expected places, just like a regular dialogue can, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.

A What is private speech?

B But there is no need for embarrassment.

C Psychologists refer to this as private speech.

D Ask questions of the self and provide answers.

E.We do a lot of private speech when we are young.

F.As we grow older, we make the private speech become the way of blinking,

G.Although the private speech is effective, we never entirely put away the out-loud speech.

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【答案】

1 B

2 C

3 F

4 G

5 D

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。自言自语似乎显得有点丢人。 自言自语非但不代表精神失常,而且恰恰相反,它有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪,甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事。

1 .根据上文 用人们熟知的话来说,自言自语是变疯的第一迹象。 以及空格后 自言自语 —— 无论是大声说出还是在心中默念 —— 都很有价值,是思考的一种工具。 得知空格处表示转折,尽管大家以为自言自语不好,但你不必感到尴尬。故选 B

2 .根据上文 自言自语有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪,甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事。 得知空格处表示总结:心理学家将这种行为称作私下话语。故选 C

3 .根据下文 心理学实验已经表明,这种所谓的内在言语可以提高我们处理一些事情的能力,比如从判断别人在想什么,到把图片分门别类。 得知空格处表示过渡:随着我们年龄的增长,我们并没有放弃这个体系 —— 我们把它内化了。故选 F

4 .根据下文举例 打开体育频道,你一定会看到有那么一两个运动员在对自己说着鼓劲儿话,或是在没投中球后狠狠地责备自己。 得知空格处表示转折:我们内化了在孩童时期使用的私下话语,但我们却从未完全放弃大声说出的方式。故选 G

5 .根据空上文 与自己进行对话。 得知空格处承接上文表示:自问自答似乎是一种很好的解决问题和理清想法的方式。故选 D

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