任务型写作

   请根据以下的任务说明和写作要求，写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　[任务说明]

　　你要参加一场英语辩论赛，主题是“学生的学习错误该不该改正”。在参赛之前，你要查阅相关资料，并准备你的辩论发言。请认真阅读下面的短文，然后完成以下的任务。

1）概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约60；

2）就“学生的学习错误该不该改正”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约90；

a)　以英语学习为例，简述你学习过程中经常出现的语言错误；

b)　你是如何看待自己的语言错误；

c)　你的老师如何对待你的语言错误；

d)　你对老师的做法持什么看法？为什么？

　　[写作要求]

　　你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

　　[评分标准]

　　概括的准确性、语言的规范性、内容的合适性以及篇章的连贯性。

　　[阅读材料]

　　Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. Bit by bit, he makes the right changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school teachers never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him to correct himself. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would never notice a mistake if they did not point out it to him. They act as if the student would never correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let the student do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.

下面是一篇应用文及其应用场合的信息，请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要要求匹配信息。

      首先，请阅读下列的应用文：

a. Needed: Full time secretary position available. Applicants should have at least 2 years experience and be able to type 60 words a minute. No computer skills required. Apply in person at United Business Ltd.. 17 Browning Street.

b. Are you looking for a part time job? We require 3 part time shop assistants to work during the evening. No experience required. Applicants should be between 18 and 20. Call 366-76564 for more information.

c. Computer trained secretaries: Do you have experience working with computers? Would you like a full time position working in an exciting new company? If your answer is yes, give us a call at 457-896754.

d. Teacher Needed: Tommy’s Kindergarten needs 2 teachers/trainers to help with classes from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m... Applicants should have appropriate licenses. For more information visit Tommy’s Kindergarten in Leicester Square No.56.

e. Part time work available: We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part time at the weekend. Responsibilities include answering the telephone and giving customers information. For more information contact us by calling 345-674132.

f. University position open: The university of Cumberland is looking for 4 teaching assistants to help with homework correction. Applicants should have a degree in one of the following: Political Science, Religion, Economics or History. Please contact the University of Cumberland for more information.

   请阅读以下职位申请者的信息，然后匹配申请者和她、他拟要申请的职位：

Jack Anderson.   Jack graduated from the University of Trent with a degree in Economics two years ago. He would like an academic position.

Margaret Lillian.  Margaret is 21 years old and would like a part time position to help her pay her university expenses. She can only work in the evenings.

Alice Fingelhamm.   Alice was trained as a secretary and has six years of experience. She is an excellent typist but does not know how to use a computer. She is looking for a full time position.

Peter Florian.   Peter went to business school and studied computer and secretarial skills. He is looking for his first job and would like a full time position.

Lynne Nagata   Lynne, aged 65, once worked in a kindergarten. She is now a housewife, helping her daughter with her housework on weekdays. She is looking for a part time job.

     申请者                            申请职位

1. Jack Anderson                     A. full time secretary

2. Margaret Lillian                   B. part time shop assistant

3. Alice Fingelhamm                 C. computer trained secretary

4. Peter Florian                      D. kindergarten teacher

5. Lynne Nagata                     E. part time job at the weekend

F. university teaching assistant

The phone is ringing at the other end of the line and it clicks as it is being answered．A voice says quickly, “Hello, will you hold, please?” then there is another click, followed by silence．It seems like hours before someone comes back on the line—that is, if you don’t hang up first．

Office calls are, perhaps, the most difficult and the most important part of a secretary’s work．The first impression that a client（顾客）receives about a business is often through a telephone contact．A caller who is left hanging on “hold” will get the feeling that he or she has been forgotten or ignored．If a call is answered rudely, the caller may become angry．And if the call is not routed directly to the right person, the caller may feel that he or she is getting the “run-around”．

Laura Needham is a secretary in the executive offices of a large manufacturing company．As a good office secretary, Laura knows that all phone calls must be answered quickly and handled efficiently．She knows that a secretary must be pleasant and helpful, no matter how busy she is or what kind of mood she may be in．she knows she must keep calm if a caller gets impatient or becomes angry; also, of course, she knows she can never allow herself to lose her temper．If she does not have the information the caller asks for, she must know who does have the information．Finally, she knows that one of her most important responsibilities is to “screen” telephone calls and to know which calls to refer to her boss, which calls to refer to other people, and which calls to handle herself．

A well-handled telephone call will give the caller a good impression of the company he or she is dealing with．For this reason, an office secretary who can handle telephone calls cheerfully, tactfully（机敏）, and efficiently is a valuable asset（财富）to any organization．

1．The underlined phrase “run-around” probably means         ．

A．a strange experience                           B．a flat refusal

C．a not-so-warm welcome                        D．a cold response

2．Laura knows quite well that a secretary must be         ．

A．quick and busy   B．pleasant and helpful    C．calm and patient         D．both B and C

3．The underlined word “screen”  means         ．

A．give an answer to                              B．show something on a piece of cloth

C．separate things of one sort from those of another      D．watch something on the screen

4．According to this passage a secretary can never be a good one unless she     ．

A．knows how to please her clients(委托人)

B．often asks her boss how to deal with telephone calls

C．has the information her clients need

D．can keep calm and never loses her temper

5．This passage is mainly about        ．

A．well-handled telephone calls          

B．the importance of handling office calls

C．a good secretary called Laura Needham

D．a secretary being a valuable asset to her company

To master a language one must be able to speak and understand the spoken language as well as to read and write．Lenin and his wife Krupskaya translated a long English book into Russian．But when they went to England in 1980, English people couldn’t understand what was said to them．These days more foreigners are coming to China and more and more Chinese are going out to foreign countries to work or study．So the spoken language is becoming more and more important．

Speaking, of course, can’t go without listening．If you want to pronounce a word correctly, first you must hear it correctly．The sounds of the Chinese and English language are not exactly the same．If you don’t listen carefully, you’ll find it difficult or even impossible to understand the native speakers．

Well, what about writing? Like speaking, it’s to exchange ideas．People generally use shorter words and shorter sentences in their writing．The important thing is to make your idea in your head and then to write it in clear lively language．

Chinese students read far too slowly．If you read fast, you understand better．If you read too slowly, by the time you have reached the end of a page you have forgotten what the beginning is about．When you meet with new words, don’t look them up in the dictionary．Guess the meaning from the context．You may not guess quite correctly the first time, but as new words come up again and again in different contexts, their meaning will become clearer and clearer．If you look up every word, you’ll never finish a book．

Students of a foreign language need a particular knowledge, the knowledge of the life, history and geography of the people whose language they’re studying．They should study these subjects in the foreign language, not only in translation．In this way one can kill two birds with one stone: learn a foreign language and get some knowledge of the foreign country at the same time．

1．How many points are there in the passage?           ．

A．Two                    B．Three                C．Four                    D．Five

2．In his first point the writer told us        ．

A．how to speak English               B．how to read and write

C．why spoken English is important     D．why English people couldn’t understand Lenin

3．In his last point the writer advised us        ．

A．to kill two birds with one stone

B．to learn two languages at a time

C．to study all the subjects in a foreign language

D．to get some knowledge of the foreign country whose language you are studying．

4．In the fourth paragraph the writer gave some advice on        ．

A．how to read faster            

B．how to guess the meaning from the context

C．how to look up new words in the dictionary

D．how to grasp the general meaning of a passage

5．“To kill two birds with on stone” means        ．

A．to get some particular knowledge                B．to get more than what one pays

C．the stone is too big                           D．the birds are blind enough

Two American scientists told the people in industrial nations that they would be much healthier if

they ate more of the same kind of foods eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago．

The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since human first appeared on earth, but the way we live has changed greatly．Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times．So they are called “diseases of civilization （文明）”．Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes（中风）are examples of such diseases．

Scientists noted that early stone-age people used very little alcohol（酒精） or tobacco, probably none．Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and life today．

Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than farm animals．They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables, and fruits．They did not use milk and other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains．But today, we eat a large amount of dairy products and grain foods．We eat six times more salt than stone-age people．We eat more sugar．We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein（蛋白质）and much less vitamin C．

People today probably do not want to live as people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate as those ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods．

1．The people in industrial nations would be much healthier if they ate        ．

A．more foods as humans living 10,000 years ago did

B．as humans living 10,000 years ago

C．more kinds of food eaten by people living over 10,000 years ago

D．more of the same kinds of foods eaten by people over 10,000 years ago．

2．New kinds of sicknesses have been found because       ．

A．the human body has changed compared with human first appeared on earth

B．the way we live has changed a little

C．our body can’t deal with the changes in life style

D．the way we live today is proper for the human body

3．What is the main cause mentioned in the article why people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses?

A．Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise

B．People today have a lot of alcohol

C．People today have more tobacco

D．Food is quite different between life today and life in ancient times

4．Stone-age people were much healthier than people today because they ate a lot of       ．

A．milk and other dairy products           B．grain foods and farm animals

C．salt and sugar                                D．wild animals, fresh wild vegetables and fruits

5．From this article, we know that         are not good to our health．

A．protein and vitamin C                  B．milk and grain foods

C．wild animals, vegetables and fruits        D．a huge amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods