Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with your point of view. According to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos.

Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing people that she is an honest source. For example, a speaker can develop ethos by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all, you would be more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a firefighter. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing people that she is a good person who has their best interests at heart.

Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with a listener’s emotions. For example, a speaker trying to convince people to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill them with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, a charity organization that helps animals might show pictures of injured dogs and cats, intended to fill the viewers with pity. If they feel bad for the animals, they will be more likely to donate money.

Logos is the use of facts, statistics, or other information to make your argument more convincing. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have data to support your claims. For example, a commercial for soap might tell you that lab tests have shown that their soap kills all 7,000, 000 of the bacteria living on your hands right now. it is more convincing than simply saying “our soap is the best!” Use of logos can also increase a speaker’s ethos.

Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when they are used together. The next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial, or listen to a friend trying to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

21. When a speaker tries to move people to tears, the tool of persuasion used by him is         .

       A. ethos                      B. pathos                           C. logos                      D. strengths

22. What method is used by the writer in developing the three tools of persuasion?

       A. Argument-comparisons.                             B. Detail-example.

       C. Argument-example.                                          D. General-detail.

23. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?

       A. A listener is likely to trust a speaker who uses evidence to support his argument.

       B. A speaker can use misleading information to convince you to trust his argument.

       C. Logos is believed to be a better tool of persuasion compared with that of ethos.

       D. A person is more easily persuaded by facts than simple moving words said.

24. Doing persuasion, the author probably favors the most effective tool of           .

       A. ethos because he is experienced and knowledgeable

       B. pathos because people are emotionally persuaded

       C. logos because use of logos can also increase ethos

       D. a good combination of ethos, pathos and logos

Volunteering can make the difference in people, especially teenagers. It teaches many important aspects and can benefit others and ourselves at the same time. Teens can especially learn from this experience.

There are many negative reasons why teens usually do community service. Many volunteers do community services to look vital to their community for advantages of getting accepted to college. It is also a way with a better chance to join in National Honour Society. Some must complete community service as a “punishment” for illegal behavior or trouble in school.

Teens have confusing situations and it’s hard to get recognized for the positives in our lives. We are often criticized (批评) on the destruction of the innocence of youth. The differences we can make in this world are outstanding. Many teenagers have started their own non-profit organizations.

Sometimes it can be hard to start helping. Many people think it’s all about raising and donating money. It is so much more. It can be helping hand out food at a homeless shelter, being a peer counselor, or babysitting for a struggling family. I define (下定义) volunteering as doing something good for people, animals and humanity, without pay or expectations of anything in return.

It also helps to relieve some of the greed all people can have. There are times when we all want so many material things, yet we must know that we need to give back to those who have more necessary needs.

Volunteering can provide job skills. Teens will be more productive after the work they have done for others. Working as a volunteer equips the teens with necessary skills and experiences as effectively as most part-time jobs.

So get out and help the world heal itself and remember the New Redical’s song “You Get What You Give”. It really may seem true someday and you would want the same in return.

25. How many reasons why teens do community service are mentioned in the passage?

       A. Five.                       B. Four.                       C. Three.                           D. Two.

26. The underlined word “destruction” in Paragraph 3 most probably means            .

       A. damage                  B. devotion                 C. desire                            D. deposit

27. The author believes that volunteering is            .

       A. raising and donating money to someone         

B. joining in some non-profit organizations

       C. giving other people some practical suggestions

       D. helping others with expecting nothing in return

28. Why does the author introduce the song “You Get What You Give” at last?

       A. To show the importance of volunteering.

       B. To prove volunteering will pay off.

       C. To present an example of volunteering.

       D. To state volunteering helps people a lot.

Eighty children were among the victims killed after Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was shot down over rebel-held (叛军劫持的) Ukraine on July 17, 2014. Also on board the doomed flight were around 100 aids experts on their way to an international conference, a Catholic nun (修女) from Australia and a British university student. The nationalities of more victims were confirmed, including 189 Dutch, 44 Malaysians, 27 Australians, 12 Indonesians and nine Britons. Four passengers are yet to be confirmed. No victims are thought to be U. S. citizens.

The Boeing 777 aircraft was travelling from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur when it was hit by a surface-to-air missile over territory near Donetsk held by pro-Russian rebels who the Ukrainian government says are backed by the Kremlin. Russian President Vladimir Putin has blamed Ukraine for the attack. Security forces from Ukraine claim to have held up two phone conversations in which pro-Russian separatists (分裂分子) seem to celebrate hitting the plane.

The tragedy has aroused public anger across the globe, with Ukrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk leading calls on world powers to support his government in bringing to justice “those bastards who committed this international crime” after a passenger plane was shot down over his country.

Air accident investigators are planning to inspect the proposed flight plan made by pilots on board Malaysia Airlines flight MH17. The 17-year-old jet was shot down over Donetsk in Eastern Ukraine despite commercial aircraft being warned against using the airspace because of the ongoing conflict. One of the major questions is whether the Malaysian flight crew received the warning from flight safety officials about the risk to safety. It is believed that the Malaysia Airlines pilots ignored several warnings to avoid the airspace over Ukraine. It is understood that the Malaysia Airline jet used the Ukrainian route to save fuel as diverting north or south would have taken longer.

29. The second paragraph mainly tells us that          .

       A. the Boeing 777 aircraft was hit by a surface-to-air missile

       B. pro-Russian rebels are not supported by Russian government

       C. security forces from Ukraine seem to celebrate hitting the plane

       D. Ukrainian and Russian government both escaped the responsibility.

30. In order to save fuel, the pilots used the Ukrainian route but           .

       A. didn’t receive the warning                                 B. overlooked some warnings

       C. understood the risk                                          D. didn’t ensure safety

31. What is the best title for this passage?

       A. The conflict between Russia and the Ukraine

       B. The doomed flight— MH17

       C. The victims killed in a tragic air crash

       D. The investigation of the tragedy

The Chinese A-lister plays the CEO of a technology company in Transformers: Age of Extinction, which has grossed $300.4 million at the box office on the Chinese mainland in just four weeks, and $886 million worldwide.

Li, 41, has received international attention for her head-turning role as a sexy, powerful company executive in the blockbuster film. Those praises helped her land contracts worth 80 million yuan ($12.9 million) to be the spokeswoman for two international companies and one domestic business.

Li, a native of Harbin, Heilongjiang province, may be best known overseas for her role in Transformers: Age of Extinction, but it wasn't her first appearance on the international stage.

She played a leading role in Snow Flower and the Secret Fan, which was produced by Wendi Deng in 2011, and starred in the 2012 science-fiction action movie Resident Evil: Retribution.

She landed the role in Transformers while vacationing and studying English in the United States in 2012, when her agent in the country invited her to audition for the film.

Li was initially unsure how it would look for an Asian woman to play a leading role in the action series. However, she was drawn to the project after she saw the exquisite models of Optimus Prime and Bumblebee－two of the Transformers－in director Michael Bay's studio. "Bay is very nice, with an active mind. He talked about the Transformers with an expressive face," Li was quoted by the Beijing News as saying.　　

32. How many films has Li Bingbing starred on the international stage?

       A. 1.                                   B. 2.                                   C. 3.                                   D. 4.

33. Why did Li decide to join in the movie Transformers?

       A. Because the director Michael Bay was very nice to her.

       B. Because she was attracted by the delicate models of Transformers.

       C. Because the movie would help her career to a new level.

       D. Because the movie Transformers was a successful blockbuster film.

34. What can we know about Li Bingbing?

       A. Li Bingbing was not a successful actress before starring Transformers.

       B. Li Bingbing was a brand new face on the international stage.

       C. The movie Transformers has brought to Li Bingbing great benefits.

       D. Li was invited by the director of the movie when she was in the USA.

35. What does the passage mainly talk about?

       A. A new science-fiction movie to the audience.

       B. A Chinese movie star who became successful.

       C. A Chinese star benefited from a blockbuster.

       D. A successful movie that helped Li Bingbing.

People need homes: children assume their parents' place as home; boarders call school "home" on weekdays; married couples work together to build new homes; and travelers... have no place to call "home", at least for a few nights.

36.         Don't they have the right to a home? Of course they do.

Some regular travelers take their own belongings: like bed sheets, pillowcases and family photos to make them feel like home no matter where they are. Some stay for long periods in the same hotel and as a result become very familiar with service and attendants.  37.            

Furthermore, driving a camping car during one's travels and sleeping in the vehicle at night is just like home-only mobile!

38.       Some keep contact with their friends via Internet; some send letters and postcards, or even photos; others may just call and say hi, just to let their friends know that they're still alive and well. People find ways to keep in touch. 39.         Backpackers in youth hostels may become very good friends, even closer than siblings(兄弟姐妹).

Nowadays, fewer people are working in their local towns, so how do they develop a sense of belonging? 40.         wherever we are ,with just a little bit of effort and imagination, we can make the place we stay "home".