“When an American asks me this question, it’s like a wall of ice crashing down between us.” my Moscow-born friend Galina said. The question is “How are you?”.
The answer Americans give, of course is, “Fine.” But when Russians hear this ,they think one of two things: you are experiencing a rare moment of fineness or you are lying.
If you ask a Russian “How are you?” , you will hear the truth. I have experienced many painful minutes of silence after my grandmother made her answer: “Terrible,” to which she might add, “Why? Because being old is terrible and I am very old.”
“‘Fine’ makes Russians think that Americans are telling a lie,” I explained recently to an American-born friend,“That they just want to go home, eat a frozen dinner in front of the TV, and wait out the hours before going to work to make money again.”
The thing most Russians don’t realize is that, in English, “How are you?” isn’t a question at all, but a form of “hi”, like the Russian “privyet!”
So guide books for Americans who are traveling to Russia had better tell them not to greet Russians by using American approach “How are you?” because it will confuse and upset Russians. “Why ? Does my face indicate illness?” is what they have in mind when meeting this question.
21. When you ask a Russian “how are you” the Russian will ________.
A. answer “fine” B. tell you the truth
C. make no answer D. get angry and walk away
22. If an American answers “fine” to the question “how are you”, the Russian will think ______.
A. he is not honest B. he will go home
C. he likes watching TV D. he is living a bad life
23. We can infer Russians’ answer to “how are you” can make Americans feel ________.
A. happy B. angry C. puzzled D. touched
BAC
Wicked! Notice the intonation(语调). It means “wonderful”, “great”, “cool”, “splendid”. It came into English from United States’ slang(俚语) in the 1980s or maybe earlier. Certainly it arrived in Britain in the late 1980s.
It was part of a trend(趋势) which goes back decades to use bad words to mean good things, or some good words to mean bad things. I mean you might remember saying, “ That’s great” meaning “ It isn’t great”. And always there’s been this use of the word “naughty” to mean “nice”.
It’s mainly used as an adjective in front of a noun, for example “ We had a wicked time!” Or, of course, you can use it alone by just saying “ Wicked!” as a reaction ― that’s how youngsters use it. And youngsters, of course, knowing that grown-ups are now using it as well, have decided to use other bad words in the same sort of way ― I’ve heard young people in recent years use words like “ evil” meaning “good”, or “brutal” meaning “good”.
“Wicked” is still around. This means, of course, that the traditional sense of “wicked” is now being squeezed(挤) out. So with "wicked", intonation(语调) is the only way to tell the old meaning from the new meaning, so you have to be careful, and pay very careful attention to the context.
And please pay attention that the use of the word is spreading . The other day, for the first time, I heard somebody say “wicked cool”, meaning “very cool”.
24. What does the text mainly tell readers?
A. The changing meaning of English words.
B. The change of the word ”wicked” in meaning.
C. The way to use English words.
D. English words from American slang.
25. The author tells readers to pay attention to the intonation of the word “wicked” because_____.
A. the word is easy to misunderstand
B. there is another word with the same pronunciation
C. its intonation decides its meaning
D. there are many meanings of the word
26. According to the text, which of the following words is often used to express its opposite meaning?
A. Cool. B. Wonderful. C. Splendid. D. Evil.
27. According to the text, we know that the word “wicked”_____.
A. has been used in Britain for more than 20 years
B. is only used in front of a noun
C. has lost its old meaning
D. was first used by American children
BCDA
When talking about colds, maybe some people say it is very common. During the cold winter days, many people will complain the cold winter makes them catch a cold, and what they feel upset are not only the headache, cough but also the runny nose. It is so embarrassing when they forget to take a handkerchief along with them.
Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.
Compared(与...比较) to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It’s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.
“It seems that positive(积极的) feelings may reduce (减少)the danger of illness,” said the study’s chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.
In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.
In this study, Cohen has interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers that they were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally(相等地) likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.
Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness . So if you are worried about your health, look on the brighter side more often.
28. The underline part in Paragraph 5 is probably means ___________.
A. sad B. not positive C. thoughtful D. outgoing
29. What did the study find?
A. People who felt happy never got ill.
B. People’s feelings didn’t influence their health.
C. People with good feelings became ill more easily.
D. People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses.
30. According to Cohen, which of the following may help fight illness?
A. Eating. B. Laughing C . Crying D. Sleeping.
31. What is the best title for this passage? ________
A. Smiles can fight colds B. Cause of colds found
C. The danger of colds D. How people get sick
DDBA
I had an experience once which taught me something about the ways people make a bad situation worse by blaming(责备) themselves. One January, I officiated(主持)at two funerals for two elderly women. Both died a natural death. At the first home, the son of the deceased(已故)woman said, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on her going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride was more than she could take. It’s my fault.”
When things don't turn out as we would like them to, we tend to assume(假设)that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty(内疚). Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course, for example, keeping Mother at home, would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilty. The first lies in our belief that the world makes sense—there is a reason for everything that happens.
The second is the thought that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and calls the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely give up that childish thought that our wishes cause things to happen.
32. What is true about the two deceased elderly women?
A.They both died of old age.
B.They died from hard work.
C.They weren't used to the change in life.
D.They died due to the fact that family members didn’t care about them.
33. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because _____.
A.they cannot find a better way to express their sadness
B.they believe that they are responsible for what has happened
C.they don't know the natural course of events
D.they don't know things often turn out in the opposite direction
34. The underlined part“the world makes sense”in Paragraph 3 probably means that _____.
A.everything in the world is planned in advance
B.the world can be understood in different ways
C.there's an explanation for everything in the world
D.we have to be wise in order to understand the world
35. People have believed since early childhood that ______.
A. everybody is at their command
B.life and death is an unsolved mystery
C.every story should have a happy ending
D.their wishes are the cause of everything that happens
ABCD
Create a Fitness Challenge with Your Family
Set a goal(目标). Setting up a simple, fun family fitness challenge is the perfect way to get everyone encouraged to get healthy. Hold a family meeting to kick off your family fitness challenge. Ask for everyone’s ideas — Little kids too!
36 .How will you track your progress? Determine whether you’ll log(记录) minutes of exercise, steps taken, pounds/inches lost, new foods tried — whatever works for your family’s particular fitness challenge.
37 . What are you struggling for? Will it be something different for each person in your family, or a group gift that you can all enjoy together?What encourages your kids? Cash? A new toy? A special outing? Select something that you can all enjoy.
38 . Set a regular interval (间隔) to record your progress. Maybe you’ll log your daily steps each night at bedtime, or have a family meeting on Sundays at which each family member can share the progress he’s made toward your group goal. Take this opportunity to cheer each other on!
Meet your goal and claim your prize. You did it! 39 .Talk to your kids about what you learned from your fitness challenge.
Set a new goal. Don’t rest on your achievements. 40 .If your first fitness challenge encouraged you to change your exercise habits, maybe your second one can focus on a diet habit. Or, stick with your original plan, but set the goal higher for success. And of course, come up with a new reward. Good luck!
A. Make a plan.
B. Check in often.
C. Choose a reward(奖赏).
D. Know your goal well.
E. Remember: Pride goes before a fall.
F. Challenge yourselves to start over again with a new goal.
G. Give each other a hearty round of congratulations and enjoy your prize..
ACBGF
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