For most people, the word “fashion” means “clothes”. But people may ask the question, “What clothes are in fashion?” And they use the adjective “fashionable” in the same way:
    “She was wearing a fashionable coat. His shirt was really a fashionable colour.”
    But of course there are fashions in many things, not only in clothes. There are fashions in holidays, in restaurants, in films and books. There are even fashions in school subjects, jobs…and in languages.
    Fashions change as time goes. If you look at pictures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. An English house of 1750 was different from one of 1650. A fashionable man in 1780 looked very different from his grandson in 1860.
    Today fashions change very quickly. Some of this is natural. We hear about things much more quickly than in the past. Newspaper, radios, telephones and television send information from one country to another in a few hours.
    New fashions mean that people will buy new things, so you see there is money in fashion.
1. From this passage we know that “fashion” means ______.
　    A. clothes                      B. many things
     C. most of the popular things    D. Everything

2. Which of the following things is fashionable today?
　    A. Surfing on the Internet.
　    B. Having a family dinner on New Year’s Day.
　    C. Learning to sing songs on the radio.
　    D. Doing morning exercises at school.
3. Today fashions change very quickly because _______.
　    A. people read newspaper every day
　    B. radios send information from one country to another
　    C. new things that people like are often shown on TV
　    D. people quickly learn what is happening in the world
4. The best title for the passage is ______.
　    A. Fashions        B. Fashion mean clothes
　    C. Fashion means money     D.A fashionable colour

In China, many people are leaving the countryside to find jobs in the cities, because the countryside is much poorer than the city, and often there isn't much work there.Services such as hospital and transport (交通) are usually much better in the city than in the countryside.They hope that their lives will improve when they move to the city.

But in the big cities of Europe like London or Pads, people are moving out of the city.These rich families want to live a quieter life.They are tired of the noise and the dirt (尘土) of the city, and they are tired of the crowded streets, crowded trains and buses.They don't want to live in the cities any more.They want a house with a garden in the countryside, and breathe the fresh air there.

So they move out of the cities.Some don't go very far, just a little way out of the city, to the towns near the cities, other people move to the real countryside with sheep, cows and green fields.There, they start new lives and try to make new friends.

Not all those who move from the city to the countryside are happy.After two or three years, many people who have done this feel that it was a big mistake.They don't make so much money and there isn't much work to do.People in the countryside are very different and aren't always very friendly.

As a result, quite a lot of people who have moved to the countryside move back to the city.“It's_wonderful_to_see_crowds_in_the_streets_and_cinema_lights，” they say.

5．Which is NOT the reason for people moving to the cities in China?

A．The countryside is much poorer than the city.

B．People in the countryside have nothing to eat.

C．People in the countryside don't have much work to do there.

D．Services in cities are usually much better than those in the countryside.

6．Why do some rich families in Europe move to the countryside?

A．Because they will find good jobs.

B．Because they are tired of living in the city.

C．Because they can make more money there.

D．Because they like feeding sheep and cows in the green fields.

7．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph shows ________.

A．they are happy to move back to the city

B．they miss their friends in the countryside

C．they still want to move to the countryside

D．they are tired of the noise and the crowded streets in the city

8．The best title of this passage may be “________”．

A．A happy life

B．Living in the city

C．Moving out or moving back

D．Living in the countryside

In many developed countries，especially in the United States，racism(种族主义) was widespread in the early part of the twentieth century.Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment.Marian Anderson(1897～1993)was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism.She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood.When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917，she was turned down because she was black.Unable to attend music school，she began her career as a singer for church gatherings.In 1929，she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there.Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe.Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City.

Racism again affected Anderson in 1939.When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington，DC，the daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color.She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75,000 people.In 1955，Anderson became the first black soloist to sing in the Metropolitan Opera of New York City.The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as “heard only once in a hundred years”．She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977.Anderson eventually triumphed over racism.

9．According to this passage，what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?

A．She studied at a music school.

B．She sang for religious activities.

C．She sang at Town Hall in New York.

D．She studied voice in Europe.

10．Toscanini thought that Marian Anderson ________.

A．had a very rare voice

B．sang occasionally in public

C．sang only once in many years

D．was seldom heard by people

11．Anderson's beautiful voice was first recognized

 ________.

A．at the Lincoln Memorial

B．in Washington，DC

C．in Europe

D．at the United Nations

12．This passage shows that Anderson finally defeated racism in the US by ________.

A．protesting to the government

B．appealing to the United Nations

C．demonstrating in the streets

D．working hard to perfect her art

    “Homestay is a form of study abroad program.It allows the visitor to rent a room from a local family to better understand the local lifestyle.It also helps to improve the visitor's language ability，”said a teacher during a school meeting last term.“Students who wish to learn more about foreign cultures or to get foreign experience should join this kind of holiday.I am sure you won't be disappointed．”
    After this special meeting，I always thought about this kind of holiday.Last month，I had a chance at last to go on such a holiday with some of my schoolmates and we went to London，a place where I had wanted to go since years ago.
    As we were still young，we had a group leader who planned things for us and looked after us.After we got to London，we went to stay with different families.I was lucky that my host family (寄宿家庭) was a white couple who had a daughter about my age.They treated me as a daughter of their family during my stay there.They were interested in me and I learnt a lot of things from them，too. 
    The holiday was filled with activities every day.After breakfast，a local teacher would come to take us in his car.Then we would have classes or go on a sight­seeing trip to different places of interest like the Big Ben，the London Bridge，and the Buckingham Palace.We would go back to our own homes after the activities.
    The holiday was a valuable experience for me.I enjoyed every minute of it.Yet，time really flew fast.Three weeks later，we had to leave “home” for Hong Kong.
13．In the “homestay” program，a visitor can ________.
A．learn more about holidays
B．understand his culture better
C．improve the language ability
D．take part in foreign meetings
14．The writer had wanted to visit London since ________.
A．last month  B．years ago
C．the special meeting  D．her stay abroad
15．The writer's host family ________.
A．was very kind to her
B．went sight­seeing with her
C．had two white daughters
D．was interested in her activities

Most  people  have  a hard  time  studying effectively (有效地)．__16__The following are some tips on how to study effectively.

Consider the place and the time.

When you wish to study effectively，consider the place and the time.__17__You can study at the place in which you are most comfortable.This will actually help you focus as you can associate (将……联系起来) the time and place every time you study.You can actually make it a habit to study at the usual place and time.

__18_

Most of the time，people believe that coffee is the best drink to take while studying.They think coffee can actually keep them awake.It is true that coffee helps in keeping you awake，but coffee also has negative effects.__19__Water is always the best drink while studying.

Take breaks.

It is very important that you take a break before you feel tired and begin to lose your concentration (注意力) completely.Regular breaks can actually help you keep your concentration.__20_If you think you need longer breaks，then it is best that you do so.

A．Water helps a lot.

B．Arrive at school on time.

C．You are allowed to drink water in class.

D．It is always best to study at the same time and place.

E．It can slow down your memory and increase your anxiety.

F．The length of breaks may depend on the person’s ability to focus.

G．No matter how hard they try，some things always take their attention away.