“Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much.”---- Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.To start with, you need questions.Then, to find answers, you observe the world around you and study the facts.After that you consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis---- luckily for us.
However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the day.At that time, people believed more in religion than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei, who proved scientific ideas such as “ the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge that they had always comfortably believed.They preferred to make assumptions about the world based on the experience of others.In fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe ancient views put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322BC).
This also shows how people didn’t want to search for their own understanding or educate themselves.And this is still often true today.People feel that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so.But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times.And Galilei too made mistakes.He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.He was wrong.Therefore our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say “We know it all.”
We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know that we don’t know it all and probably never will, for that would mean a world without questions.So much of our knowledge and understanding of the world today is due to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of old thoughts in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilization is built upon.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them.”----Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
8.In Bacon and Galileo’s times, people would prefer to ________.
A.learn new things by observing the world around themselves
B.acquire knowledge from church or experience of great ancestors
C.seek answers to their puzzles from contemporary scientists
D.explore knowledge out of facts they saw with their own eyes
9.In this passage Bacon and Galileo are mentioned as examples for ________.
A.their great achievements in science
B.their ambition to doubt great ancestors
C.their revolutionary way of acquiring knowledge
D.their preference to believe in themselves rather than others
10.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To help the readers learn more about great thinkers in history.
B.To convince the readers of the importance of thinking and discovering.
C.To persuade the readers to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.
D.To encourage the readers to go against the views of their day.
11.Which of the following is the process the writer suggests to acquire knowledge?
A.asking questions→searching the Internet→ waiting the results→ finding answers
B.acquiring knowledge and understanding→ asking questions→ answering questions
C.observing the world→ asking questions→ studying facts→ finding answers→ considering possibilities
D.asking questions→ observing the world→ studying facts→ considering possibilities→ testing and finding answers
BCBD
政治经济类文章的概念:
要做好这类阅读,平时就要注意了解国内外发生的政治经济大事,掌握一定背景知识,对这类文章的叙述特点及内容安排有一定了解,还要扩展这方面的词汇。阅读这类文章,要抓住文章的核心,即文章整体和各段主要在说什么,也要注意段落之间的逻辑关系。
如何备考政治经济类阅读理解题:
【题型说明】政治经济类阅读文章是高考常选材料之一。该类文章时代气息浓郁,语言鲜活,但熟字新义词、超纲词及专业词语多,长句、难句多。政治类文章大多数是同学们感性趣的内容,读起来倒有似曾相识的感觉,经济类文章读起来就像是雾里看花,文章看完,一头雾水。再加之这类文章的命题侧重于词义猜测、推理判断和文章主旨,同学们对这类题材是望而生畏。
【备考策略】建立心理优势。针对不同体裁的文章,我们要采取相应的阅读方法和技巧。政治类文章多采用记叙文形式,我们可采取“顺读法”,以便抓关键语句,领会文章主旨;而经济类文章则多采用说明文形式,我们则可以采取“逆读法”,先读试题,再从文章中查找有用信息。若遇到的确难读的材料。千万不用着急,因为你觉得难,其他人也一定是同感。在高考前,我们就要有这种心理准备,高考试卷肯定有一、两篇难以阅读的材料。不过,我们平时可以有意识地从报刊杂志上找一些较难的阅读材料来阅读,以培养自己迎难而上的心理素质。
【答题方法】
1、寻找主干:
根据英语中五种基本句型结构,把句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来,其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则易于理解。找到了句子主干,句子的意思至少明白了一半。
2、剔除从句:
在一个长句中可能会出现若干个从句,在理解时,如果把各个从句剔除出来单独理解,然后把大意拼凑起来,整个长句的意思就会明白六、七分。
3、辨别分句:
一个长句如果是由几个并列、转折、递进、对比关系的分句组成,句中往往有表示这些分句关系的连接词,只要能弄清楚分句和分句之间的逻辑关系,再把各层分句的意思加以连贯,整个长句的句意基本上能跃然脑中。
4、寻找关键词:
如果一个句子看完,一点句意的感觉也没有,下下策就是抓住句中的关键词,通过关键词大体弄懂这个长句的意思。
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