Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.

A. having developed     B. being developed     C. developed              D. developing

答案

A

【名师点睛】

现在分词作状语，表示主动和伴随状况；与逻辑主语是主谓关系，或叫主动关系，即现在分词表示的动作

是逻辑主语发出的。现在分词的形式有一般式doing/being done，完成式having done/having been done。

当现在分词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作先后发生时，使用现在分词的完成式。

e. g. Having watered the vegetables, the farmer took a short rest.

    Having seen the film twice, he didn’t want to go to the cinema with his wife.

    Having done his homework , the boy began to watch TV.

    I didn’t feel surprised, having expected all this.

    Not having done it right, I tried again.

现在分词作状语，可以转换为一个状语从句。

1)      表示时间时，相当于after, before, when , while等引导的状语从句，现在分词动作发生在主句动作之前或与主句动作同时发生。

Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.（发生在主句动作之前）

Arriving at the station , he found the train had gone.（之前）

He went out , shutting the door behind him.（之后）

Walking through the park, she saw a flower show .（同时）

Talking a key out of his pocket , he open the door .（一个简短动作一发生，另一个动作紧跟着发生）之前。

Hearing the news , they all jumped with joy.

Be careful when crossing the street.

While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.

Her husband died in 1999, leaving her with two children .

Lying under the apple tree, Newton was thinking and thinking .

Thinking she must be late, Miss Smith decided to take a taxi.

There are a number of students waiting to be examined.

He refused the offer , saying that this would be too expensive.

The man feel and slipped, getting off the bus.某一动作进行时，发生了另一个短暂动作或结果。

2)      原因（句首）

Being short of money, I applied for the job.

Not seeing John, I can’t tell you what he looks like.

3)      方式，伴随

Singing a pop song in a low voice, he came into the yard.

He stood by the window, watching the children playing.

She stopped as if expecting him to speak.

His parents arrived late for one day, leaving their children being hungry for a whole day.

4)      结果（后置）

She fell, only striking her head against the rock.

He spread a rumor, leading to a great confusion in class.

It rained heavily causing severe flood in that region.

5)      条件

If traveling north, I asked where he was.

6)      让步

knowing all this, they still insisted on paying for the damage.

Many boys , having had few advantages in their youth, have yet great contribution to their country later.

Unless paying by credit card, he pays in cash.

Though understanding no English, he was able to communicate with them.

考点：考查非谓语动词