Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a straight-A student knows, but trying to strengthen academic excellence by telling your child, " You're so smart!" may be counterproductive.
According to the: findings of a 2017 study, children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention and return to normal from mistakes than children who think their intelligence can grow and change. Telling kids they're smart strengthens the idea that intelligence is a genetic gift rather than a skill that can be improved.
In the study published online, researchers at Michigan State University looked at 123 children who were about 7, as kids at this age face the challenge of going to school. The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a "growth mindset", who believe that they can work harder to get smarter, or a"fixed mindset", who believe that their intelligence is unable to change. They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded. In the task, children played a game, helping a zookeeper catch escaped animals by pressing the space bar when an animal showed up on their screens.
Based on the data they collected, the researchers concluded that children with a "growth mindset" were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake, and in turn were more likely to improve their performance by paying closer attention to the task after making an error.
While previous research has shown that people with a "fixed mindset" don't want to admit they've made a mistake, this study found that children with a "fixed mindset" were able to "return to normal" after making an error, but only if they gave their full attention to the mistake and used it as an opportunity to learn.
For parents, the lessons are clear: For starters, don't pay compliments（赞美的话）that suggest intelligence is fixed. If a child hands you an A+test, don't say, " You're so smart!" Instead say," Wow, that studying really paid off!" or " You clearly mastered this material—way to go!". Note the effort, not the intelligence.
73．Which of the following can be closest to the meaning of " counterproductive"?
A．Achieving the opposite result.
B．Going far away from the goal.
C．Showing off your intelligence.
D．Forming a good relationship.
74．What was discovered in a 2017 study?
A．Children are easy to lose focus in class.
B．It takes time for children to regain confidence.
C．Skills are generally thought to be able to be improved.
D．Telling kids they're smart means emphasizing the born gift.
75．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A．The purpose and the process of the study.
B．The major breakthrough made in the study.
C．The participants and the place of the study.
D．The scientific methods used in the study.
76．How is the text developed?
A．By listing statistics.
B．By comparison.
C．By showing examples.
D．By reasoning
73．A
74．D
75．A
76．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。研究表明，父母想要赞美他们的孩子是很自然的事情，但是这种赞美可能会适得其反。因此，父母要关注孩子的努力，而不是智力。
73．词义猜测题。第一段首句“Nothing succeeds like success.”意思为一顺百顺，一通百通。画线词前面的but表转折，所以划线单词所在句子意思为：通过说“你真聪明”来让学生下次表现的更好，可能会取得相反的结果A. Achieving the opposite result取得相反的结果；B. Going far away from the goal离目标越来越远；C. Showing off your intelligence炫耀你的聪明；D. Forming a good relationship形成好的关系。故选A。
74．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Telling kids they're smart strengthens the idea that intelligence is a genetic gift rather than a skill that can be improved.（告诉孩子们他们很聪明就意味着强调了智力是遗传天赋，而不是可以提高的技能。）”，可知，告诉孩子们他们很聪明就意味着强调了智力是遗传天赋。故选D。
75．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The team assessed the children to determine… is unable to change(这个团队首先来衡量学生是具有成长性思维模式（智力是可以通过努力学习改变的），还是固定性思维模式（智力是无法改变的）)” 和 “They then asked the children to complete...（然后它们一边记录学生的脑部活动，一边让他们完成电脑上的快速要求精确度的任务）”可知，第三段主要说明了实验的目的和过程。故选A。
76．推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第三段至第五段的内容可知，本文是通过对比法（将固定型思维的人与成长型思维的人进行对比）进行说明的，通过观察孩子拥有“成长心态”还是拥有“固定心态”，告诉人们要关注孩子的努力，而不是智力。故选B。
【点睛】
猜测词义题在高考中有三种考查形式：生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测一句话的意思、指代关系猜词（代词或者名词）。从近三年考查形势看，三种考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生词猜测词义。这种题型的解法主要是在生词后找到其释义句。例如本题中的第一题考查的就是生词词义猜测，根据句中的并列连词but可知，but前后两个分句意思相反，所以从第一个分句的意思就可以推得第二个分句的意思，也就可以猜测出划线单词的意思。同学们解此类题时要学会巧用连词。