增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It can be seen from the picture that Mr. Liu, that wears a mask, was walking his dog. Interestingly, his dog also wears a mask.
In recent year, air pollution has become more and more serious in some areas, which have led to severe consequences. To solve this problem, firstly of all, we should raise the public awareness of protecting the environment. Secondly, the government ought punish the illegal acts of polluting the environment severe. Thirdly, we must do our best to protecting the environment in our daily life. Only in this way can human beings and animals share with a pleasant planet or live a happy life.
1.that→who
2. was→is
3. year→years
4. have→has
5. firstly→first
6.ought后加to
7. severe→severely
8. protecting→protect
9.删除with
10. or→and
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一张人遛狗的照片介绍了目前空气污染的严重以及所要采取的措施。
【详解】
1. 考查定语从句。句意:从图中可以看到,刘先生戴着面具,正在溜他的狗。分析句子结构可知,Mr Liu是定语从句的先行词,它在从句中作主语。由逗号可知,这是个非限制性定语从句。故将that改为who。
2. 考查时态。句意:从图中可以看到,刘先生戴着面具,正在溜他的狗。结合句意可知句子用现在进行时态。故将was改为is。
3. 考查名词的数。表示“在最近这些年里”,此处应该使用名词的复数形式。故将year改为years。
4. 考查主谓一致。句意:最近几年,有一些地区空气污染越来越严重,这导致了严重后果。分析句子结构可知,逗号后是定语从句。从句描述的是一般事实,应使用一般现在时。which指代前面的句子在从句中作主语,所以后面非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故将have改为has。
5. 考查固定搭配。first of all是固定短语,意为“首先”。故将firstly 改为first。
6. 考查情态动词。句意:政府应该严厉惩罚污染环境的违法行为。ought to是情态动词,意为“应该”。故在 ought后加to。
7. 考查副词。句意:政府应该严厉惩罚污染环境的违法行为。此处polluting是动词,由副词来修饰。故将severe改为severely。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们的日常生活中我们必须尽力保护环境。do one’s best to do sth是固定短语,意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。故将protecting改为protect。
9. 考查动词的用法。句意:只有这样人类和动物才能愉快地共享一个星球并过着幸福的生活。此处不是固定短语“share sth with sb”,而是share后面直接接宾语a pleasant planet。故删除with。
10. 考查连词。句意:只有这样人类和动物才能愉快地共享一个星球并过着幸福的生活。or前后的内容不是选择关系而是并列关系。故将or改为and。
【点睛】
抓住定语从句“三要素”是学好定语从句的关键。构成定语从句的三个要素是先行词、引导词及从句其它内容。在具体分析时,有三个步骤:一找先行词,二判断先行词在从句中充当成份,三确定引导词。第4小题考查主谓一致。句意:最近几年,有一些地区空气污染越来越严重,这导致了严重后果。分析句子结构可知,逗号后是定语从句。从句描述的是一般事实,应使用一般现在时。which指代前面的句子在从句中作主语,所以后面非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故将have改为has。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力;适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51.. |
52. with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53. old men’s premature death. • When 54. from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55. activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56. to them. • Think about how to57. depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58., to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59.to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60. social life. |