Directions: Translate the fallowing sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.他每次进城都给女儿带礼物。(without)
2.你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关。(difference)
3.老师让我代表学校致辞,欢迎在座的贵宾们。(arrange)
4.这家公司正是因为不重视产品更新换代,忽视售后服务,才逐步被市场淘汰的。(It was because...)
1.He doesn't go to town without buying her daughter a gift.
2.Your age shouldn't make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
3.The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school (in order) to welcome the distinguished guests present.
4.It was because the company didn't pay attention to product upgrading and ignored after-sales service that it was gradually eliminated in the market.
【分析】
本题考查翻译句子,注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。
1.考查非谓语动词和双重否定。根据句意可知本句使用“否动词not….+without…”形式的双重否定以增强语气,without后接动名词做宾语,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:He doesn't go to town without buying her daughter a gift.
2.考查固定短语和宾语从句。make difference to表示“对……有影响”,根据句意可知本句使用宾语从句,用whether or not表示“是否”,故翻译为:Your age shouldn't make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
3.考查固定短语和不定式(短语)。arrange for sb o do表示“安排某人做某事”,根据句意可知本句既可用不定式短语in order to也可直接用不定式做目的状语,语境表明事情发生在过去,用一般过去时,故翻译为:The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school (in order) to welcome the distinguished guests present.
4.考查强调句型。pay attention to表示“重视”,根据句意和提示词可知本句使用强调句型,其基本结构为:it is/was+被强调部分+that+其余部分,本句强调的是原因状语,语境表明事情发生在过去,用一般过去时,故翻译为:It was because the company didn't pay attention to product upgrading and ignored after-sales service that it was gradually eliminated in the market.
一般现在时的概念:
表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。
一般现在时知识体系:
一般现在时的用法:
1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常用的时间状语有every...,sometimes,at...,on Sunday等。
例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shang hai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3)表示格言或警句。
例如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。
第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
一般现在时用法拓展:
1、一般现在时表将来:
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开
—It stars in ten minutes. ?十分钟后。
2)以here, there 等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。
例如:Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。
例如:When Bill comes(不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that 等的宾语从句中。
例如:I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
2、一般现在时代替一般将来时:
When, while, before, fter, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case(that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句,条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。
例如:He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨妈。
3、一般现在时代替一般过去时:
1)"书上说","报纸上说"等。
例如:The news paper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。
2)叙述往事,使其生动。
例如:Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进,大战开始了
4、一般现在时代替现在完成时:
1)有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时,如hear, tell, learn, write, understand, forget, know, find, say, remember等。
例如:I hear(=haveheard)he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。
I forget(=have forgotten)how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。
2)用句型"It is…since…"代替"It has been…since…"。
例如:It is(=has been)five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来,五年过去了。
5、一般现在时代替现在进行时:
在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里,用一般现在时代替现在进行时。
例如:There goes the bell.铃响了。
时态一致:
1、如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实,则用现在时。
例如:At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那时,人们不知道地球是动的。
He told me last week that he is eighteen.上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。
2、宾语从句中的,助动词ought, need, must, dare的时态是不变的。
例如:He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他认为我不必告诉你真相。
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