根据要求翻译句子

1．我建议每个人要进行有规律的锻炼，以确保身体健康。（宾语从句）

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2．这个由众多专家和发明家组成的团队设计了最新的软件。（consist）

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3．权衡利弊之后，Tom决定冒险去创业。（非谓语做状语）

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4．在乐队解散时他们已经展示了有史以来最伟大的音乐天赋。（by the time）

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5．吸烟能够触发如此严重的社会问题以至于政府正在考虑在公共交通工具上禁烟。

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答案

1．I suggest everyone (should) take regular exercise to make sure of our health.

2．The team consisting of a number of experts and inventors designed the latest software.

3．Having weighed advantages and disadvantages, Tom decided to take/run a risk to start up his own business.

4．By the time the band split up/broke up, they had displayed the greatest musical talent/ genius/ gift of all time.

5．Smoking can trigger such serious social problems that the government is considering banning smoking on public transport.

【解析】

1．考查虚拟语气和固定短语。suggest表示“建议”时，引导的that从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中should可以省略，主句中的时态不限；固定短语take regular exercise“有规律的锻炼”；make sure of“确保”。结合句意应用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用动词原形。故翻译为I suggest everyone (should) take regular exercise to make sure of our health.

2．考查固定短语和动词时态。固定短语consist of“由……组成”；a number of“众多；许多”；本句中已经存在谓语动词design，故consist应用非谓语动词，与逻辑主语team为主动关系，故用现在分词；结合句意可知应用一般过去时。故翻译为The team consisting of a number of experts and inventors designed the latest software.

3．考查非谓语动词和固定短语。固定短语weigh advantages and disadvantages“权衡利弊”；decide to do sth.“决定做某事”；take/run a risk to“冒险做某事”；start up one’s own business“创业”。分析句子结构可知“权衡利弊”发生在“创业”之前，且与Tom为主动关系，故应用having done形式做状语；结合句意应用一般过去时。故翻译为Having weighed advantages and disadvantages, Tom decided to take/run a risk to start up his own business.

4．考查固定短语和动词时态。固定短语split up/break up“分裂；解散”；musical talent/ genius/gift“音乐天赋”；of all time“有史以来”；by the time意为“到……时候（为止）”，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，结合句意可知本句中从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。故翻译为By the time the band split up/broke up, they had displayed the greatest musical talent/ genius/ gift of all time.

5．考查状语从句和固定短语。本句为such…that…引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，修饰名词problems；短语trigger serious social problems“触发严重的社会问题”；that从句中表示“正在考虑”需用现在进行时，主语为government，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为Smoking can trigger such serious social problems that the government is considering banning smoking on public transport.

【点睛】

by the time意为“到……时候（为止）”，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。用法归纳以下3种情况：

【1】如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。

By the time he was fourteen years old，Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. 到14岁的时候，爱因斯坦就已经自学完了高等数学。

By the time he returned home，the rain had stopped. 等他回到家时，雨已经停了。

【2】如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。

By the time John finishes his homework， his classmates shall have left to play football. 到约翰做完作业时，她的同学将已离开去踢足球了。

By the time you get back，I shall have finished the work. 到你回来时，我将已经把活做完了。

【3】如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。

He was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上顶端时，他气喘吁吁。

By the time the bus came，so many people were waiting that it was a free fight to get on it. 公共汽车来的时候，等车的人很多，成了一场挤车的混战。

如第4小题，by the time意为“到……时候（为止）”，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，结合句意可知本句中从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。故翻译为By the time the band split up/broke up, they had displayed the greatest musical talent/ genius/ gift of all time.