1．我们不允许人们在这儿吵闹。(permit)
2．玛丽昨天看见一个男人沿着大街跑。(强调主语)
3．我正要出去,这时汤姆进来了。(when)
4．有人发现一群孩子正在操场上玩耍。(find＋宾＋宾补)
5．她教育孩子要对别人友好。(bring up)
6．别冒险把车开得太快。(take a chance)
7．喝汤时发出声音是不礼貌的。(manner)
8．众所周知,作为老板她很大方。(it)
9．无论什么时候需要,你都可以征求建议。(whenever)
10．大量的钱被花在学校建设上。(amount)
1．We don’t permit people to make a noise here.
2．It was Mary that/who saw a man running along the street yesterday.
3．I was about to go out when Tom came in.
4．A group of children were found playing on the playground.
5．She brought up her children to be friendly to others.
6．Don’t take a chance by driving too fast.
7．It is bad manners to make a noise while eating soup.
8．It is known that she is very generous as a boss.
9．You can ask for advice whenever you need it.
10．A large amount of money is spent on the construction of school.
【解析】 本大题为英语译成汉语。做这类题要从语法的角度考虑。翻译句子时首先要考虑到整个句子的结构和要用的固定词组，然后按照正确的语序完成句子。不仅考查学生的语言基本功，即对词汇的记忆能力和理解能力，还考查学生在具体的语境中灵活运用词汇知识和语法知识的能力。
1．We don’t permit people to make a noise here.
考查固定搭配。分析句子可知，本句中的“允许某人做某事”可为“permit sb. to do sth.”，而吵闹要用“make a noise/make noises”。因此本句可译为We don’t permit people to make a noise here.
2．It was Mary that/who saw a man running along the street yesterday.
考查强调句型。强调句型的结构为“It was/is +被强调部分+that/who +其它”。而本句是强调评语Mary，因此本句可译为It was Mary that/who saw a man running along the street yesterday.
3．I was about to go out when Tom came in.
考查固定句型。“正要做某事，这时……”为固定句型“It was about to do ….”，因此本句可译为I was about to go out when Tom came in. .
4．A group of children were found playing on the playground.
考查固定句式。本句要用“find＋宾＋宾补”，分析句子可知，发现某人在做某事为“find sb doing sth.”。本句中是“孩子被发现……”，故用sb be found doing sth，因此本句可译为A group of children were found playing on the playground.
5．She brought up her children to be friendly to others.
考查固定词组。bring up为固定搭配，意为“教育，提出，抚养”。对某人友好，可译为“be friendly to…”，故本句可译为：She brought up her children to be friendly to others.
6．Don’t take a chance by driving too fast.
考查固定词组。本句中用take a chance，为固定搭配，意为“冒险，冒险一试”。本句可用祈使句，译为Don’t take a chance by driving too fast.
7．It is bad manners to make a noise while eating soup.
考查词的用法。“不礼貌”是固定搭配，可译为“bad manners”，make a noise为“吵闹，弄出声”。因此本句可译为; It is bad manners to make a noise while eating soup.
8．It is known that she is very generous as a boss.
考查it作形式主语。在英语中主语是从句时，常用it做形式主语，真正的主语从句往往放在后面。因此本句中的老板她很大方（that she is very generous as a boss.）是主语，故可译为It is known that she is very generous as a boss.
【名师点睛】it作形式主语
主语是从句时，通常把它们放在后面，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：
1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如： It is uncertain whether he can come toyour party or not.
2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如： It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如： It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. 4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等， 如： It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
9．You can ask for advice whenever you need it.
考查状语从句。本句中用whenever（无论任何时候）引导状语从句，因此可译为You can ask for advice whenever you need it.
10． A large amount of money is spent on the construction of school.
考查固定搭配。“大量的”，为固定搭配，可译为“a large amount of”，修饰不可数句词，谓语动词要用单数，“花钱在….”，可译为“spend time on sth,”，因此本句可译为：A large amount of money is spent on the construction of school。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力；适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51．. |
| 52． with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53． old men’s premature death. • When 54． from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
| Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55． activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56． to them. • Think about how to57． depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58．, to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
| Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59．to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60． social life. |