Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.这个城市正计划建造一座能容纳10000人的剧院。 (seat)
2.他因为救了一名在河中溺水的孩子被奖励了一枚勋章。 (award)
3.说到小说, 你读过多少本哈利·波特(Harry Potter)的书? (speak of)
1.A theater which can seat 10,000 people is being planned to be built.
2.He was awarded a medal for rescuing a drowning child in the river.
3.Speaking of novels, how many books about Harry Potter have you read?
【分析】
本题考查汉译英,注意按括号内的要求翻译。
1.考查seat的用法、定语从句和现在进行时的被动语态。表示“容纳”时是及物动词,后面直接接宾语,根据与意可知本句使用定语从句,which指代先行词A theater并在从句中作主语, be planned to be done表示“被计划(被)……”,而且此处强调“正在被”,所以用现在进行时的被动语态,故翻译为:A theater which can seat 10,000 people is being planned to be built.
2.考查award的用法和非谓语动词。sb be awarded sth for doing sth表示“某人因做了某事而被奖励某物”,其中for是介词,后面接动名词作宾语,语境表明事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故翻译为:He was awarded a medal for rescuing a drowning child in the river.
3.考查非谓语动词和现在完成时。根据句意可知本句强调过去的动作对现在的影响,应该用现在完成时,speak of表示“谈及”,用现在分词位于句首作状语,故翻译为:Speaking of novels, how many books about Harry Potter have you read?
一般过去时的概念:
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
一般过去时的用法:
1、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday,last week,two hours ago等连用。
如:My family moved here five years ago. 我家五年前搬到了这里。
I was born in 1973. 我生于1973年。
2、表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如:often,usually,always等连用。
如:He always worked in tonight those days. 那些日子他总是工作到深夜。
I often left on business in 1987. 1987年我经常出差。
注:表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用usedto.
如:I used to read newspaper after breakfast. 我过去经常早饭后看报纸。(意指现在已不是这样)
The children often swam in this river. 孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。
3、表示过去发生的一连串动作。
如:He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door. 他放下这沉重的箱子,掏出钥匙开了房门。
注:过去发生的一连串动作,若用and,or,but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式。
如:They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper. 他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭。
4、在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
如:He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information. 他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained. 玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
一般过去时的特别用法:
1、句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb.did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"。
例如:It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
2、would(had)rather sb.did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow. 还是明天来吧。
3、wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。
例如:Did you want any thing else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词could, would。
例如:Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
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