阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last weekend, I was lucky enough 1 . (tour) the World Heritage city of Pingyao in Shanxi province. The ancient city 2 . (preserve) within the original city wall.
The highlight ( 最精彩部分 ) of our tour was a visit 3 . the famous Qiao family compound ( 乔家大院 ), about 30 kilometers north of Pingyao. It was 4 . the Chinese film Raise the Red Lantern was shot, directed by Zhang Yimou in 1991. We went in the evening and the warm, clear weather made it the perfect time to appreciate this 18th century marvel ( 奇迹 ) of Chinese architecture. Qiao Guifa started building 5 . compound in 1756 during the Qing Dynasty.
Who was he? Qiao began life as a servant, 6 . rose to become one of the most successful 7 . (businessman) of the age. The large, splendid home he established 8 . (have) six main courtyards, 20 smaller ones and 313 rooms in all. Qiao lived there with his family and dozens of servants, as did later generations of his family.
9 . may surprise you to hear that one of the best parts of the trip was the hotel I stayed in. It was no 5-star place, but an authentic 18th century building. As I dropped off to sleep in the 10 . (comfort) bed in my simple room, I felt as if I had traveled back to another century.
1 . to tour/to have toured
2 . is preserved/has been preserved
3 . to
4 . where
5 . the
6 . but
7 . businessmen
8 . has/had
9 . It
10 . comfortable
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了我在参观平遥古城时乔家大院给我留下了深刻的印象。
1 . 考查非谓语动词。句意:上周末,我很幸运地参观了山西省的世界遗产平遥古城。 be+adj+to do 表示 “做某事是……的”,也可以理解成非谓语表示的动作发生在 was lucky 之前,所以用不定式的完成式,故填 to tour/to have toured 。
2 . 考查时态语态。句意:这座古城保留在原始的城墙之内。 The ancient city 与 preserve 之间是被动关系,陈述的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,也可以理解成为过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时的被动语态,故填 is preserved/has been preserved 。
3 . 考查介词。句意:我们这次旅行最精彩的部分是参观了著名的乔家大院。 a visit to 表示 “去……的参观”,故填 to 。
4 . 考查表语从句。句意: 1991 年张艺谋导演的中国电影《大红灯笼高高挂》就是在这里拍摄的。分析句子结构可知此处为表语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故填 where 。
5 . 考查定冠词。句意:乔贵发在清朝 1756 年开始盖这个大院。 compound 在文中第二次出现,应该用定冠词表特指,故填 the 。
6 . 考查连词。句意:乔贵发起初是一个仆人,但后来成长为那个时代最成功的商人之一。根据句意可知前后是转折关系,故填 but 。
7 . 考查名词复数。句意同上, one of 后接可数名词复数,故填 businessmen 。
8 . 考查时态。句意:他盖的这座富丽堂皇的大院共有 6 个主要庭院, 20 个较小的庭院和 313 个房间。陈述的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时,也可理解成发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,故填 has/had 。
9 . 考查形式主语。句意:听到旅行中最精彩的部分之一就是我入住的酒店,也许你会感到很惊讶。此处用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故填 It 。
10 . 考查形容词。句意:当我在简朴的房间里躺在舒适的床上入睡时,我感到仿佛回到了另一个世纪。修饰名词 bed 用形容词,表示 “舒适的”,故填 comfortable 。
人称代词的概念:
人称代词是替代我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们、她们、它们等人称的词。
人称代词分为主格和宾格形式,并有人称的单复数形式。按所替代人称的不同分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。
人称 |
单数 |
复数 | ||
主格 |
宾格 |
主格 |
宾格 | |
第一人称 |
I |
me |
we |
us |
第二人称 |
you |
you |
you |
you |
第三人称 |
he |
him |
they |
them |
人称代词知识体系:
人称代词的用法:
人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格,如:I,you,he,she,we,they,等)和宾语(用宾格,如 me,you,him,her,us,them等)
如:He loves her, but she hates him. 他爱她,但她却讨厌他。
注:(1)在口语中,当人称代词用作表语、用于than, as之后或用于强调句中被强调时,可以用语。 例如:
"Who is it?" "It's me."“是谁呀?”“是我。”
He sings better than me. 他比我唱得好。
He is as tall as her. 他和她一样高。
It's me who did it. 这是我干的。但是,若than,as后的人称代词后跟有动词,则必须用主格。例如:
He sings better than I do./ He is as tall as she is.
(2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格。
"I' m tired.""Me too."“我累了。”“我也累了。”
"Who wants this?" "Me."“谁要这个?”“我要。”
(3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。
I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为 I like you better than he likes you. 之略。
I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为 I like you better than he likes him. 之略。
人称代词主格、宾格、人称、单复数对比:
人称代词 |
单数 |
复数 | ||
主格 |
宾格 |
主格 |
宾格 | |
第一人称 |
I |
me |
we |
us |
第二人称 |
you |
you |
you |
you |
第三人称 |
he |
him |
they |
them |
she |
her |
them | ||
it |
it |
人称代词的排序:
人称代词的排列顺序为:单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列,即you, he and I;复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列,即we, you and they:
You, he and I are of the same age. 你,他和我都是同一年龄。
We, you and they are all good citizens. 我们,你们和他们都是好公民。
但若是用于承担责任或错误等场合,则可把第一人称I置于其他人称代词之前:
I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。
比较:Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。
注意:you and I 是固定结构,语序通常不宜颠倒。
人称代词用法拓展:
1、在通常情况下,人称代词在句子中出现在它所代替的名词之后,即先出现名词,再出现相应的代词。但是,在书面语中,有时也可出现代词,后出现代词所代替的名词。
As soon as it had hopped off, the plane picked up speed.飞机刚一起飞,就加了速。
(比较:As soon as the plane had hopped off, it picked up speed.)
2、人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语。
These small desks are forus students.这些小课桌是给我们学生的。
We girls often go to the movies together.我们女孩子常一起去看电影。
He asked you boys to be quiet.他要你们男孩子安静些。
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