单句语法填空
1 ． (2019· 全国 Ⅰ )Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
2 ． (2019· 全国 Ⅰ )Scientists have responded by __________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating( 聚集 ) around human settlements, leading to the illusion( 错觉 ) that populations are higher than they actually are.
3 ． (2019· 全国 II)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
4 ． (2019· 全国 II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
5 ． (2019· 全国 II)When we got a call __________ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
6 ． (2019· 全国 III)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
7 ． (2018· 全国 Ⅰ )You don’t have to run fast or for long __________ (see) the benefit.
8 ． (2018· 全国 Ⅰ )You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________ (die) early by running.
9 ． (2018· 全国 II)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________ (improve) water quality.
1 0 ． (2018· 全国 II)China’s approach to protecting its environment while __________ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
1 1 ． (2018· 全国 III)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel __________ (challenge).
1 2 ． (2018· 全国 III)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________ (stay) and watch.
1 3 ． (2017· 全国 Ⅰ )They are required __________ (process) the food that we eat.
1 4 ． (2017· 全国 Ⅰ )By __________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
1 5 ． (2017· 全国 II)This included digging up the road, __________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
1 6 ． (2017· 全国 III)But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term __________ (rest).
1 7 ． (2017· 全国 III)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants __________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
1 ． to perform
2 ． noting
3 ． being
4 ． to retire
5 ． saying
6 ． listening
7 ． to see
8 ． dying
9 ． to improve
1 0 ． feeding
1 1 ． looking challenged
1 2 ． to stay
1 3 ． to process
1 4 ． eating
1 5 ． laying
1 6 ． resting
1 7 ． to prove
【分析】
1 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填 to perform 。
2 ． 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填 noting 。
3 ． 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for 可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填 being 。
4 ． 考查不定式作定语。此处用 to do sth 作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词 plan ，表示 “…… 的计划 ” ，故填 to retire 。
5 ． 考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词 call ，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据 say 与其逻辑主语 call 是主动关系，故填 saying 。
6 ． 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为 “were invited” ，所以空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由 we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题， and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填 listening 。
7 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：你没有必要跑的很快或长时间跑去看（它的）好处。根据语义， “see the benefit” 是表示目的关系。故填 to see 。
8 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：你或许会喝酒、抽烟、超重，但仍可以通过跑步降低早死的风险。根据短语 a risk of (doing) sth 可知， die 需变为其名词或动名词形式作宾语， death 是名词，多用于表示 “ 谁谁的死 ” 、 “ 谁谁的噩耗 ” ； dying 表示垂死状态， dying 用于短语 “risk of doing sth.” ，表示什么什么的风险，故此处填 dying 。
9 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：政府鼓励农民不去种水稻而是种植玉米是为了改善水质。根据语义，这里 (improve) water quality 是表示目的。故填 to improve 。
1 0 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国在为公民提供食物同时保护环境的方法为全世界的农业和食物政策制定者们提供了一些启示。这里 (feed) its citizens 是作状语，且与主语 China’s approach 是主动关系。故填 feeding 。
1 1 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：我迅速低下身子，低下头去避免直接去看他的眼睛以便他没有感觉到被挑战。动词 avoid 后接动名词作宾语，故填 looking 。句中 feel 是连系动词，根据语义采用 challenge 的过去分词形式作表语（含被动关系），故填 challenged 。
1 2 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦他的信息被发送了，他允许我待在那里观看。根据 allow sb to do 固定结构可知，故填 to stay 。
1 3 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们被要求去加工处理我们所吃的食物。 require sb/sth to do 是固定结构，故填 to process 。
1 4 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过吃更多快餐，人们获得的盐和脂肪会超过他们在饮食当中所需要的（盐和脂肪）。介词 by 后接动名词作宾语，故填 eating 。
1 5 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道并在顶端建造结实的屋顶。根据分析和并列结构，此处用动名词 laying 作谓语 included 的宾语，与 digging 并列。故填 laying 。
1 6 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：但不像学校的朋友， 16 岁的 Sarah 不会花半个学期的时间来休息。根据固定结构 spend time （ in ） doing sth. 可知，故填 resting 。
1 7 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，已经和顶尖模特参加各种表演的 Sarah 想去证明她既有美貌也有大脑。动词 want 后接动词不定式作宾语，故填 to prove 。