阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cai Zhengjun lost his hearing when he was just in eighteen months old, as a result of a high fever. 1 . (fortunate), his parents loved him and supported him as much as possible. They were determined to see their son equipped with the necessary life 2 . (skill) needed to lead a normal life. Cai, however, didn't understand the support they provided. it was after many years that he realized what they were trying to do. Today. Cai’s role has changed from a silent observer in life 3 . a source of empowerment for his fellow hearing impaired peers.
1 . Fortunately
2 . skills
3 . into
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。蔡正军 18 个月大的时候就因为发高烧失去了听力。幸运的是,他的父母爱他,尽可能地支持他。他们决心要让儿子具备过上正常生活所必需的生活技能。然而,蔡并不理解他们提供的支持。多年以后,他才意识到他们想干什么。今天。蔡的角色已经从生活中的一个沉默的观察者,转变为与他一样听力受损的同龄人的力量源泉。
1. 考查副词。句意:幸运的是,他的父母爱他,尽可能地支持他。修饰后文整个句子,作状语,应用副词 fortunately ,句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Fortunately 。
2. 考查名词的数。句意:他们决心要让儿子具备过上正常生活所必需的生活技能。 skill 为可数名词,结合语境可知此处数量大于一应用复数形式。故填 skills 。
3. 考查介词。句意:蔡的角色已经从生活中的一个沉默的观察者,转变为与他一样听力受损的同龄人的力量源泉。结合句意表示 “ 转变成 ……” 可知短语为 change into 。故填 into 。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力;适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51.. |
52. with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53. old men’s premature death. • When 54. from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55. activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56. to them. • Think about how to57. depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58., to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59.to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60. social life. |