阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Emma was on her way home when she heard a sudden scream. Looking around, she saw a little boy on the sidewalk gasping( 急喘 ) for air, his 1 . (frighten) mother begging for help. Emma rushed to the boy, 2 . face had turned purple. “What’s wrong?” “A candy! In his throat!” It was lucky that Emma had learned how 3 . (perform) the Heimlich maneuver( 海姆利克急救法 ) at school. She acted quickly. Soon, the boy coughed up a piece of candy and began breathing again. He 4 . (save) in time.
1 . frightened
2 . whose
3 . to perform
4 . was saved
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述 Emma 在回家路上,救助被糖果卡住喉咙的小男孩的故事。
1. 考查形容词。句意:环顾四周,她看到一个小男孩在人行道上喘着气,他惊恐的母亲请求帮助。空处需用形容词作定语,修饰名词 mother ,因为修饰空后指人的名词 mother ,所以空处需用 ed 形容词 frightened“ 惊恐的 ” 。故填 frightened 。
2. 考查定语从句。句意: Emma 奔向男孩,男孩的脸已经变紫了。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是 boy ,指人,关系词在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词 face ,表示所属关系,意为 “…… 的 ” ,所以空处需用关系代词 whose 引导非限制性定语从句。故填 whose 。
3. 考查动词不定式。句意:幸运的是, Emma 在学校学会了如何使用海姆利克急救法。分析句子结构可知,空处需用疑问词 how 接动词不定式作动词 learned 的宾语。故填 to perform 。
4. 考查被动语态。句意:他及时得救了。根据前一句谓语动词 began 可知,空处谓语动词需用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情,因为小男孩是被 Emma 救,所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动语态: was/were done ,主语是第三人称单数 he ,所以空处 be 动词需用 was 。故填 was saved 。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力;适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51.. |
52. with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53. old men’s premature death. • When 54. from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55. activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56. to them. • Think about how to57. depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58., to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59.to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60. social life. |