As part of our mission to inspire the next generation of scientists, inventors and engineers, the Science Museum Group (SMG) has launched an exciting new online game—Total Darkness.
Over the last year we have been developing Total Darkness with the aim of creating an experience that can have a positive impact on people’s attitudes towards STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths), as well as having a focus on self-reflection, rather than asking players to recall specific facts or concepts.
Total Darkness is a digital storytelling experience which encourages young people to recognise how the skills they use every day relate to STEM and can help them develop their confidence in science thinking. The game invites the player to solve a mysterious power cut in their hometown. The game puts players in control, allowing their choices and decisions to guide them through the story.
As the player navigates through the darkened streets of the town, equipped only with a torch, they will face various challenges. Using their curiosity, communication skills and creative problem solving, they will discover new theories about what might have caused the blackout( 停电;断电 ). But with every step their torch fades, and the player must solve the mystery before the battery runs out.
The player’s choices and actions throughout the game will score them curiosity, creativity or communication points. At the end, the skills the player has used will be revealed along with their science style, showing how they could put their skills into action in the real world.
Total Darkness is aimed at 8-15 year-olds—an important stage in teens’ science development. Research shows that as teens make the step between primary and secondary, many move away from an interest in science as other influences have a stronger pull in their lives.
Total Darkness is a free online game playable on smartphone, tablet and desktop. Play now at totaldarkness.sciencemuseum.org.uk .
1 . Total Darkness aims to help players ________ .
A . recall scientific concepts
B . better understand STEM
C . improve storytelling abilities
D . develop communication skills
2 . What’s the key to getting points in Total Darkness?
A . Judgement. B . Teamwork.
C . Equipment. D . Gaming skills.
3 . What is the main purpose of the passage?
A . To promote a new product.
B . To introduce the SMG’s mission.
C . To explain the rules of an online game.
D . To emphasize the importance of STEM.
1 . B
2 . A
3 . A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍并推销《完全黑暗》的游戏,讲了开发它的目的和优势。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “Over the last year we have been developing Total Darkness with the aim of creating an experience that can have a positive impact on people’s attitudes towards STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths), as well as having a focus on self-reflection, rather than asking players to recall specific facts or concepts.” (过去一年我们已经开发完全黑暗,目的是创建一个经验,它可以让人们对 STEM( 科学、技术、工程和数学 ) 产生积极的态度,以及有一个专注于自我反省,而不是让玩家回忆具体事实或概念。)可知,《完全黑暗》旨在帮助玩家更好地理解 STEM 。故选 B 项。
2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段 “The player’s choices and actions throughout the game will score them curiosity, creativity or communication points.” (玩家在游戏中的选择和行动将为他们的好奇心、创造力或交流加分。)可知,在完全黑暗中获得分数的关键是个人的判断力。故选 A 项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Total Darkness is a free online game playable on smartphone, tablet and desktop. Play now at totaldarkness.sciencemuseum.org.uk.” ( Total Darkness 是一款免费的在线游戏,可在智能手机、平板电脑和台式机上玩。现在在 totaldarkness.sciencemuseum.org.uk 玩。)以及上文介绍了这款游戏的优点可知,本文目的是推销一种新产品。故选 A 项。
缩写与简写的概念:
用单词首尾字母组成一个新词的英语构词法叫做首尾字母缩略法。这种形式的英语构词生成的新词,读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。
如:Foreign Language Teaching Agency→FLTA上海外教网
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
Teach English as a Foreign Language→TEFL
Teach English as a Second Language→TESL
Graduate Record Examination→GRE美国研究生入学考试
缩写的几种类型:
1、单词缩写应省略在辅音之后,元音之前:
英文单词缩写一般以辅音结尾,而不以元音结尾。如American省略为Am,而不省略为Ame或Amer,Medicine或Medical缩写为Med,European缩写为Eur等。但Science例外,缩写为Sci,可能是因为元音I之后又是元音E的缘故。缩写刊名每个词首字母必须大写,而不可全部都用大写或小写。
2、压缩字母法:
仅个别单词采用压缩字母方式缩写。
如:Japanese缩写为Jpn而不是Jan
National应缩写为Natl而不是Nat
经常有读者将Japanese写成Jan是参考文献著录中常见的错误。
如:Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology,应缩写为JpnJOphthalmol,National Cancer Institute Research Report缩写为NatlCancerInstResRep。而Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写,如:NatureMedicine, Naturebiotechnology分别缩写为NatMed, NatBiotechnol。
另外CN是中国的国别代码,期刊缩写刊名中,ChinaChinese不得缩写为CN,而应缩写为Chin.采用压缩写法是为了避免与其他常用缩写混淆。
如:Japanese不能缩写为Jan,可能是Jan是January的固定缩写形式,National缩写为Natl而不缩写为Nat,可能是Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写。
3、学科名称缩写:
刊名中学科名称缩写很常见,因而了解学科名缩写规则非常必要。凡以-ogy结尾的单词,一律将词尾-ogy去掉,如Cardiology缩写为Cariol,Biology缩写为Biol,以-ics结尾的学科名词,缩写时将-ics或连同其前面若干字母略去。如:Physics缩写为Phys。以-try结尾的词,缩写时将-try连同前面若干字母略去。如:chemistry缩写为Chem。其中也包括其他形容词的缩写。
4、刊名中常用词和特殊单词的缩写:
期刊名中有些常用单词可以缩写为一个字母。
如:Journal缩写为J
Quarterly缩写为Q
Royal缩写为R
New缩写为N
South缩写为S
5、刊名首字母组合:
有些杂志名称缩写采用首字母组合,而且已被固定下来,一般都是国际上有较大影响的期刊,并得到国际上众多索引性检索工具的认同。
如:The Journal of American Medical Association缩写为JAMA, British Medical Journal缩写为BMJ等。
6、国家名称的缩写:
刊名中国家名称的缩写分为两种情况。如国家名称为单个词汇,缩写时常略去词尾或词的后部分若干字母。
如:American缩写为Am
British缩写为Br
Chinese缩写为Chin
而国家名称由多个词组组成时,常取每个词的首字母,如United States of America 缩写为USA或US。
7、虚词一律省略:
有许多虚词,如the, of, for, and, on, from, to等,在缩写时均省去。
如:Journal of chemistry缩写为J chem
Archives of Medical Research缩写为Arch Med Res
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