阅读下面短文,根据题目要求回答问题。
Quiet the Complainer
For years, Jane Booth’s mother made lengthy airing of complaints. It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It turned out that Jane ’s intervention not only helped her mother—it also helped their relationship.
You may not be as direct as Jane was to her mother, but there are other ways to get a constant complainer to end. To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more desirable one. Other times, it can foster new relationships with people we don’t know well.
The problems start when complaining becomes the default mode( 默认模式 ). “When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,” says Dian Killian, a life coach, “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn’t their aim.”
So, how do you quiet a constant complainer, for the sake of your health and his?
Change the subject. Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation in a direction that interests them.
Summarize the complaint. If your complainer keeps repeating himself, he may stop if you demonstrate that you’re listening.
Challenge the person to act. When a constant complainer tells you about his latest problem, ask nicely what he’s done to improve it.
Be honest. When you have things to do, tell the complainer that you must cut the conversation short—especially if it’s someone who’s complained to you many times before.
When someone stresses you out with lots of negativity, it’s important to talk about the problem. Otherwise, if you bottle up your feelings and continue listening to repeated complaints, you may grow annoyed or start avoiding the person.
Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.
1 . What did Jane Booth do to stop her mother complaining?
2 . According to Paragraph 2, what are the misbeliefs about complaining?
3 . Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
● Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
4 . Your friend has been constantly complaining about almost everything in life. What would you do to help him? ( about 40 words )
1 . She spoke up about the problem.
2 . Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate. And complaining always has a negative impact.
3 . Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems .
According to the passage, complaining frequently is a way that people ask for attention from others.
4 .言之有理即可
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章纠正人们对抱怨的误解,介绍了让老是抱怨的人安静下来的方法。
1 .考查细节理解。根据第一段 “It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. (事情变得如此糟糕,以至于简觉得这破坏了他们在一起的时间质量,所以她终于说了出来,并帮助她的母亲意识到她是多么频繁地抱怨。) ” 可知,简 · 布斯把问题说出来让她妈妈不再抱怨,故答案为 She spoke up about the problem.
2 .考查细节理解。根据第二段 “To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. (为了提高效率,首先要纠正人们对抱怨的误解。事实上,即使是最善良、最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响。) ” 可知,关于抱怨的误解是认为那些抱怨的人通常是不友善或不体谅别人的且抱怨总是有负面影响。故答案为 Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate. And complaining always has a negative impact.
3 .考查细节理解。根据第三段 “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn’t their aim. (当我们需要别人倾听我们的声音时,我们会重复自己的话。经常抱怨的人的满足感来自关注,所以他们从不满足于任何解决问题的建议。他们强调,解决问题不是他们的目标。) ” 可知,经常抱怨是人们寻求他人关注的一种方式,并不是为自己的问题寻求建议,故答案为 Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems .
According to the passage, complaining frequently is a way that people ask for attention from others.
4 .考查细节理解。根据第五段 “Change the subject. (改变话题。) ” 第六段 “Summarize the complaint. (总结了投诉。) ” 第七段 “Challenge the person to act. (挑战那个人去行动。) ” 第八段 “Be honest. (要诚实。) ” 第九段 “it’s important to talk about the problem. (谈论这个问题是很重要的。) ” 以及最后一段 “Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you. (记住 : 让老是抱怨的人安静下来对你们俩都有好处。) ” 可以根据文章中给出的方法来劝导朋友,言之有理即可。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力;适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51.. |
52. with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53. old men’s premature death. • When 54. from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55. activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56. to them. • Think about how to57. depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58., to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59.to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60. social life. |