阅读下面短文,根据题目要求回答问题。
Most young people are accustomed to having online profiles on their mobile devices, such as smart phones, pads, and laptops. These devices contain a significant amount of information about them and their friends and family, including contact numbers, photos and locations. Since they are exposed to cyber more frequently, young people need to be aware of cyber threats and have a good understanding of cybersecurity, the measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks.
Cybersecurity experts continually identify the use of strong, unique passwords as one of their top recommendations. However, because young people have been using passwords online for most of their lives, they might not have stopped to think about how unsafe their passwords actually are. Indeed, strong passphrases, passcodes or other features such as touch identification to lock their devices can help protect their information if their devices are lost or stolen.
Public wireless networks are widely used nowadays, however, they are not safe. which means that anyone could possibly see what you are doing on your laptop or smart phone while you are connected to them. Young people should limit what they do on public WiFi, and avoid logging in to personal accounts like email and E-pay. If needing a safer connection, they should consider using a virtual private network (VPN) or a personal mobile hotspot.
Finally, information on how to act online is important for the safety of young people. They should be taught that they should add “friends” on social media only if they know who he or she is. They should also be made aware that posting pictures of other people without their permission might get themselves into trouble.
Starting to use these methods and raising the certain awareness of cybersecurity at an early age can dramatically improve the security of a young person’s online life.
1 . What is cybersecurity?
2 . What is the possible danger of connecting to public wireless networks?
3 . Read the following statement, underline the false part of it and explain the reason. Experts continually recommend young people to use passwords frequently because they lack security awareness.
4 . Please briefly present what you can do to improve your cybersecurity. (about 40 words)
1 . Cybersecurity is the measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks. / The measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks. / The measures taken to protect your personal information online.
2 . Anyone could possibly see what you are doing on your laptop or smart phone. / What you are doing on your mobile devices will be exposed to other people. / Their personal information may leak out (be unsafe).
3 . Experts continually recommend young people to use passwords frequently because they lack security awareness. In spite of frequent use of passwords online, young people may not be aware of how unsafe their passwords actually are. So experts continually recommend them to use strong, unique passwords.
4 . Firstly, I will design strong passwords to unlock my mobile phone. Also, when in public places, I choose to use my mobile hotspot rather than public WiFi. Besides, if strangers ask me to add “friends” on WeChat, I tend to refuse. (43 words)
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些提高网络安全的办法。
1 .考查细节理解。根据文章第一段 “Since they are exposed to cyber more frequently, young people need to be aware of cyber threats and have a good understanding of cybersecurity, the measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks.( 由于他们更频繁地接触网络,年轻人需要意识到网络威胁,并充分了解网络安全,即为保护系统、网络、设备和程序免受数字攻击而采取的措施 )” 可知,网络安全是为保护系统、网络、设备和程序免受数字攻击而采取的措施。故答案为 Cybersecurity is the measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks. / The measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks. / The measures taken to protect your personal information online.
2 .考查细节理解。根据文章第三段 “Public wireless networks are widely used nowadays, however, they are not safe. which means that anyone could possibly see what you are doing on your laptop or smart phone while you are connected to them.( 现在公共无线网络应用广泛,但并不安全。这意味着当你是连接公共无线网络时,任何人都可能看到你在笔记本电脑或智能手机上做什么 )” 可知,连接到公共无线网络可能存在的危险是任何人都可能看到你在笔记本电脑或智能手机上做什么。故答案为 Anyone could possibly see what you are doing on your laptop or smart phone. / What you are doing on your mobile devices will be exposed to other people. / Their personal information may leak out (be unsafe).
3 .考查推理判断。所给陈述 “Experts continually recommend young people to use passwords frequently because they lack security awareness.” 意为 “ 专家不断建议年轻人频繁使用密码,因为他们缺乏安全意识。 ” 根据文章第二段 “Cybersecurity experts continually identify the use of strong, unique passwords as one of their top recommendations. However, because young people have been using passwords online for most of their lives, they might not have stopped to think about how unsafe their passwords actually are.( 网络安全专家不断将使用强大、独特的密码作为他们的首要建议之一。然而,由于年轻人大部分时间都在网上使用密码,他们可能不会停下来思考自己的密码到底有多不安全 )” 可知,专家并不是不断建议年轻人频繁使用密码,而是不断建议他们使用强大、独特的密码,因为尽管经常在网上使用密码,年轻人可能没有意识到他们的密码实际上有多不安全。由此可知,所给陈述的 “Experts continually recommend young people to use passwords frequently” 部分是错误的,因为尽管经常在网上使用密码,年轻人可能没有意识到他们的密码实际上有多不安全。故答案为 Experts continually recommend young people to use passwords frequently because they lack security awareness. In spite of frequent use of passwords online, young people may not be aware of how unsafe their passwords actually are. So experts continually recommend them to use strong, unique passwords.
4 .开放题。题目让我们简要介绍你可以做些什么来提高你的网络安全。本题属于开放性试题,根据自己的理解,言之有理,符合文章内容即可。根据文章第二段关键句 “Indeed, strong passphrases, passcodes or other features such as touch identification to lock their devices can help protect their information if their devices are lost or stolen.( 事实上,如果他们的设备丢失或被盗,强大的通行码、密码或其他功能,如用于锁定设备的触摸识别,可以帮助保护他们的信息 )” 可知,我们可以通过设计强大的密码来解锁我的设备,在设备丢失或被盗时可以帮助保护我们的信息;根据文章第三段关键句 “Young people should limit what they do on public Wi Fi, and avoid logging in to personal accounts like email and E-pay. If needing a safer connection, they should consider using a virtual private network (VPN) or a personal mobile hotspot.( 年轻人应该限制他们在公共 Wi Fi 上的行为,避免登录电子邮件和 E-pay 等个人账户。如果需要更安全的连接,他们应该考虑使用虚拟专用网 (VPN) 或个人移动热点 )” 可知,为了提高网络安全,在公共场所,我们选择使用虚拟专用网或移动热点,而不是公共 Wi Fi ;根据文章倒数第二段关键句 “They should be taught that they should add “friends” on social media only if they know who he or she is. They should also be made aware that posting pictures of other people without their permission might get themselves into trouble.( 应该教导他们,只有知道对方是谁,才能在社交媒体上添加 “ 朋友 ” 。他们还应该意识到,未经允许张贴他人照片可能会给自己带来麻烦 )” 可知,如果陌生人要在社交媒体上加我们为 “ 朋友 ” ,我们应该拒绝。故答案为 Firstly, I will design strong passwords to unlock my mobile phone. Also, when in public places, I choose to use my mobile hotspot rather than public Wi Fi. Besides, if strangers ask me to add “friends” on We Chat, I tend to refuse. (43 words)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力;适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51.. |
52. with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53. old men’s premature death. • When 54. from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55. activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56. to them. • Think about how to57. depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58., to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59.to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60. social life. |