For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 1 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 2 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 3 .
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 4 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 5 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 6 to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 8 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again 9 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 10 to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 11 bicycles. Then came more than 500 12 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 13 to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 14 struggling. 15 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to 16 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 17 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great 18 for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a 19 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 20 that he can make on people."
1 ． A ． amazed B ． mad C ． curious D ． frightened
2 ． A ． emotions B ． career C ． opinions D ． route
3 ． A ． ever B ． together C ． instead D ． yet
4 ． A ． ride B ． lock C ． repair D ． replace
5 ． A ． lack B ． variety C ． increase D ． quality
6 ． A ． instruction B ． qualification C ． transportation D ． permission
7 ． A ． came up with B ． stuck to C ． gave up D ． broke away from
8 ． A ． remembered B ． refused C ． hesitated D ． offered
9 ． A ． by accident B ． in advance C ． for free D ． on credit
10 ． A ． profit B ． budget C ． courage D ． excuse
11 ． A ． shared B ． used C ． expensive D ． modern
12 ． A ． enquiries B ． advertisements C ． notices D ． announcements
13 ． A ． exported B ． sold C ． lent D ． returned
14 ． A ． hardly B ． slightly C ． truly D ． instantly
15 ． A ． Without B ． Beyond C ． Upon D ． Among
16 ． A ． practical B ． commercial C ． mathematical D ． social
17 ． A ． Otherwise B ． However C ． Somehow D ． Meanwhile
18 ． A ． promise B ． celebration C ． comfort D ． experience
19 ． A ． competition B ． service C ． ceremony D ． suggestion
20 ． A ． compromise B ． impression C ． impact D ． progress
1 ． B
2 ． A
3 ． C
4 ． D
5 ． A
6 ． C
7 ． A
8 ． D
9 ． C
10 ． B
11 ． B
12 ． A
13 ． D
14 ． C
15 ． C
16 ． A
17 ． D
18 ． D
19 ． B
20 ． C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Robbie Pruitt 在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意： Robbie Pruitt 承认，去年 9 月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。 A. amazed 惊讶的； B. mad 生气的； C. curious 好奇的； D. frightened 害怕的。根据后文 “letting go of his anger” 可知发现车被偷， Robbie Pruitt 当时很生气。故选 B 。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。 A. emotions 情绪； B. career 事业； C. opinions 观点； D. route 路线。结合后文 “After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy” 可知 Robbie Pruitt 从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选 A 。
3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。 A. ever 曾经； B. together 一起； C. instead 相反； D. yet 然而。结合上文 “he found himself on a road to sympathy” 可知，发现自己的车被偷， Robbie Pruitt 放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选 C 。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的 Pruitt 来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。 A. ride 骑车； B. lock 锁上； C. repair 修理； D. replace 取代。根据后文 “his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping” 可知车被偷， Pruitt 要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选 D 。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与 Covid-19 有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？ A. lack 缺乏； B. variety 多样； C. increase 增加； D. quality 质量。根据上文 “he found few available” 可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选 A 。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与 Covid-19 有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？ A. instruction 指令； B. qualification 资格； C. transportation 运输工具； D. permission 允许。根据前后文 “needed … to get to work” 可知， Pruitt 猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选 C 。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法， Pruitt 想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。 A. came up with 提出； B. stuck to 坚持； C. gave up 放弃； D. broke away from 突然逃跑。根据后文 “a plan and posted it on the community website” 指想出了一个计划， come up with 符合语境。故选 A 。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。 A. remembered 记得； B. refused 拒绝； C. hesitated 犹豫； D. offered 提议。结合后文 “to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it” 指 Pruitt 提议为他人免费修车， offer to do sth.“ 主动提出做某事 ” 。故选 D 。
9. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。 A. by accident 偶然； B. in advance 提前； C. for free 免费； D. on credit 赊账。呼应上文 “fix bikes free of charge” 他的修车都是免费的。故选 C 。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。 A. profit 利润； B. budget 预算； C. courage 勇气； D. excuse 借口。根据前后文 “folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one” 可知， Pruitt 捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人， but 表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选 B 。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天， Pruitt 收到了 30 辆二手自行车。 A. shared 共享的； B. used 二手的； C. expensive 昂贵的； D. modern 现代的。根据上文 “He also asked for unwanted bikes” 可知， Pruitt 也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了 30 辆二手自行车。故选 B 。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了 500 多个询问详细信息的询问。 A. enquiries 询问； B. advertisements 广告； C. notices 通知； D. announcements 公告。根据后文 “for detailed information” 可知有询问详细信息的询问。故选 A 。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到 2020 年底， Pruitt 已经修复了 140 多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。 A. exported 出口； B. sold 出售； C. lent 借给； D. returned 返回，返还。结合后文 “to their owners” 指修好的车返还给主人， return 符合语境。故选 D 。
14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意： Pruitt 试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。 A. hardly 几乎不； B. slightly 轻微地； C. truly 真实地； D. instantly 立即。此处呼应上文 “folks who could truly use them” 指 Pruitt 的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选 C 。
15. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。 A. Without 除了； B. Beyond 越过； C. Upon 在 …… 上； D. Among 在 …… 中间。结合后文 “simply satisfying a material need” 表示 “ 在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上 ” 应用介词 upon 。故选 C 。
16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能， Pruitt 的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。 A. practical 实际的； B. commercial 商业的； C. mathematical 数学的； D. social 社会的。根据上文 “he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.” 可知， Pruitt 为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选 A 。
17. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。 A. Otherwise 否则； B. However 然而； C. Somehow 不知怎么； D. Meanwhile 同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加 Pruitt 的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感， Meanwhile 符合语境。故选 D 。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说： “ 对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。 ”A. promise 承诺； B. celebration 庆祝； C. comfort 安慰； D. experience 经历。根据语境，参与 Pruitt 的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选 D 。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意： Pruitt 当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。 A. competition 比赛； B. service 服务； C. ceremony 典礼； D. suggestion 建议。结合上文可知， Pruitt 为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选 B 。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。 A. compromise 妥协； B. impression 印象； C. impact 影响； D. progress 进步。根据后文 “he can make on people” 可知为短语 make impact on“ 对 …… 产生影响 ” 。故选 C 。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力；适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51．. |
| 52． with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53． old men’s premature death. • When 54． from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
| Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55． activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56． to them. • Think about how to57． depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58．, to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
| Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59．to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60． social life. |