The Worlds' Best Bookshops
There's nothing like being surrounded by books , wherever you are . Here are the finest oases of literature that travellers can bring you .
Daikanyama T ﹣ site | Tokyo
It is well worth visiting even if just to admire the building's beautiful , crisscrossed architecture . Once you've had your fill of roaming three floors' worth of bookshelves , there's the bar , the coffee shop , or even the video rental space to give you more reason to stay just that little bit longer . Grab a book , order a beer and dive into its pages . I could have stayed hours here .
City Lights | San Francisco
The three ﹣ storey establishment publishes and sells titles in poetry , fiction , translation , politics , history and the arts . It hosts events and readings , and runs a non ﹣ profit of the same name that aims to promote diversity of voices and ideas in literature . It's opposite Vesuvio , a bar frequented by Kerouac and other Beat ﹣ generation writers and artists .
Shakespeare and Company | Paris
I made a special trip to the Left Bank for this one when I was in Paris . It has two floors packed with English ﹣ language texts , and I was particularly struck by any spare wall space devoted to notes from visitors ﹣ heartfelt messages to a loved one , dedications to the shop itself , or a quote from a favourite author or philosopher .
Hutatma Chowk | Mumbai
A few years ago I visited India , investigating Rudyard Kipling's connections with the country . I spotted a cheap copy of The Jungle Book on one of the tarp ﹣ covered book stalls at Hutatma Chowk ( Martyrs' Square ). The booksellers here are like amateur librarians , able to lay their hands on almost any title you ask for . To me , those well ﹣ thumbed (翻旧了的) books spoke volumes about the changes of Mumbai's readers in the 150 years since the city gave us Kipling .
1 . In which bookshop can you buy a drink while visiting ?
A . Daikanyama T ﹣ site.
B . City Lights.
C . Shakespeare and Company.
D . Hutatma Chowk.
2 . What can be learned about the book stalls at Hutatma Chowk ?
A . People can meet Rudyard Kipling there .
B . They sell the cheapest books in the world .
C . The book owners are amateur librarians .
D . The sellers are familiar with the books .
3 . What do the four bookstores have in common ?
A . They are beautifully designed .
B . They are three ﹣ storey buildings .
C . They offer book lovers good experience .
D . They are frequently visited by great writers .
1 . A
2 . D
3 . C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了世界上最好的四家书店。
1 .细节理解题。根据 Daikanyama T ﹣ site | Tokyo 中的 “Grab a book , order a beer and dive into its pages . I could have stayed hours here” 可知,拿本书,点杯啤酒,一头扎进书里。我可以在这里呆上几个小时的。所以在 Daikanyama T ﹣ site | Tokyo 可以买到饮料。故选 A 。
2 .细节理解题。根据最后一段 “The booksellers here are like amateur librarians , able to lay their hands on almost any title you ask for” 可知,这里的售书员就像业余图书管理员一样,你要什么书他们几乎都能找到。所以售书员对这些书很熟悉。故选 D 。
3 .细节理解题。根据 Daikanyama T ﹣ site | Tokyo 中的 “Once you've had your fill of roaming three floors' worth of bookshelves , there's the bar , the coffee shop , or even the video rental space to give you more reason to stay just that little bit longer.” 一旦你逛够了三层楼高的书架,这还会有酒吧、咖啡店,甚至有录像带出租屋,让你有更多的理由再多待一会儿。 City Lights | San Francisco 中的 “It hosts events and readings , and runs a non ﹣ profit of the same name that aims to promote diversity of voices and ideas in literature.” 它举办各种活动和阅读活动,并以相同的名义经营着一项非营利性的活动,旨在促进文学中声音和思想的多样性。 Shakespeare and Company | Paris 中的 “I was particularly struck by any spare wall space devoted to notes from visitors ﹣ heartfelt messages to a loved one , dedications to the shop itself , or a quote from a favourite author or philosopher.” 特别令我震惊的是,任何一个空余的墙壁空间,都是用来记录来访者给爱人的心声,对商店本身的奉献,或是一位最喜爱的作家或哲学家的名言。 Hutatma Chowk | Mumbai 中的 “The booksellers here are like amateur librarians , able to lay their hands on almost any title you ask for.” 这里的售书员就像业余图书管理员一样,你要什么书他们几乎都能找到。所以阅读这四家书店可知,他们都为书迷提供了很好的体验。故选 C 项。
缩写与简写的概念:
用单词首尾字母组成一个新词的英语构词法叫做首尾字母缩略法。这种形式的英语构词生成的新词,读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。
如:Foreign Language Teaching Agency→FLTA上海外教网
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
Teach English as a Foreign Language→TEFL
Teach English as a Second Language→TESL
Graduate Record Examination→GRE美国研究生入学考试
缩写的几种类型:
1、单词缩写应省略在辅音之后,元音之前:
英文单词缩写一般以辅音结尾,而不以元音结尾。如American省略为Am,而不省略为Ame或Amer,Medicine或Medical缩写为Med,European缩写为Eur等。但Science例外,缩写为Sci,可能是因为元音I之后又是元音E的缘故。缩写刊名每个词首字母必须大写,而不可全部都用大写或小写。
2、压缩字母法:
仅个别单词采用压缩字母方式缩写。
如:Japanese缩写为Jpn而不是Jan
National应缩写为Natl而不是Nat
经常有读者将Japanese写成Jan是参考文献著录中常见的错误。
如:Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology,应缩写为JpnJOphthalmol,National Cancer Institute Research Report缩写为NatlCancerInstResRep。而Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写,如:NatureMedicine, Naturebiotechnology分别缩写为NatMed, NatBiotechnol。
另外CN是中国的国别代码,期刊缩写刊名中,ChinaChinese不得缩写为CN,而应缩写为Chin.采用压缩写法是为了避免与其他常用缩写混淆。
如:Japanese不能缩写为Jan,可能是Jan是January的固定缩写形式,National缩写为Natl而不缩写为Nat,可能是Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写。
3、学科名称缩写:
刊名中学科名称缩写很常见,因而了解学科名缩写规则非常必要。凡以-ogy结尾的单词,一律将词尾-ogy去掉,如Cardiology缩写为Cariol,Biology缩写为Biol,以-ics结尾的学科名词,缩写时将-ics或连同其前面若干字母略去。如:Physics缩写为Phys。以-try结尾的词,缩写时将-try连同前面若干字母略去。如:chemistry缩写为Chem。其中也包括其他形容词的缩写。
4、刊名中常用词和特殊单词的缩写:
期刊名中有些常用单词可以缩写为一个字母。
如:Journal缩写为J
Quarterly缩写为Q
Royal缩写为R
New缩写为N
South缩写为S
5、刊名首字母组合:
有些杂志名称缩写采用首字母组合,而且已被固定下来,一般都是国际上有较大影响的期刊,并得到国际上众多索引性检索工具的认同。
如:The Journal of American Medical Association缩写为JAMA, British Medical Journal缩写为BMJ等。
6、国家名称的缩写:
刊名中国家名称的缩写分为两种情况。如国家名称为单个词汇,缩写时常略去词尾或词的后部分若干字母。
如:American缩写为Am
British缩写为Br
Chinese缩写为Chin
而国家名称由多个词组组成时,常取每个词的首字母,如United States of America 缩写为USA或US。
7、虚词一律省略:
有许多虚词,如the, of, for, and, on, from, to等,在缩写时均省去。
如:Journal of chemistry缩写为J chem
Archives of Medical Research缩写为Arch Med Res
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