选词填空
ease,bleed,choke,delay,victim,practical,urgent,technique,ambulance,sprain |
It is necessary for us to grasp some basic and ___16___ first aid ___17___ because incidents may happen in our daily life.You may see someone __18__ on food or __19__ ;someone may get burnt by a variety of things;someone may get a __20__ ankle.In all these __21__ situations,first aid should be performed without __22__ before the __23__ arrives.First aid can __24__ the pain and discomfort of the __25__ and sometimes may even save lives.
practical 17 . techniques 18 . choking 19 . bleeding 20 . sprained 21 . urgent 22 . delay 23 . ambulance 24 . ease 25 . victims
【导语】本文为一篇说明文,介绍了掌握一些急救知识和技能的必要性。
16 .考查形容词。句意:我们有必要掌握一些基本的和实用的急救技能,因为在我们的日常生活中可能会发生事故。分析句子可知,空处缺少形容词与 basic 一起作定语修饰第二空的内容, practical (实用的)符合题意。故填: practical 。
17 .考查名词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少名词作 grasp 的宾语, some 后用 technique 的复数形式 techniques (技能)。故填: techniques 。
18 .考查非谓语动词。句意:你可能会看到有人被食物噎住或流血;有人可能会被各种各样的东西烧伤;有人可能会扭伤脚踝。根据 on food 可知,此处表示的意外情况为 “ 被食物噎住 ” , choke“ 噎住 ” ,此处用现在分词作 someone 的宾语补足语。故填: choking 。
19 .考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知, or 后一空与 choking 并列, bleed“ 流血 ” 也用现在分词 bleeding 。故填: bleeding 。
20 .考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰 ankle ,表示 “ 扭伤的 ” ,用形容词 sprained 。故填: sprained 。
21 .考查形容词。句意:在所有这些紧急情况下,急救应该在救护车到达之前毫不拖延地进行。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少形容词作定语修饰 situations ,以上的情况均为紧急情况, urgent“ 紧急的 ” 符合题意。故填: urgent 。
22 .考查名词。句意同上。根据 without 及句意可知,此处用名词放在 without 后作宾语, delay“ 推迟、拖延 ” 符合题意。故填: delay 。
23 .考查名词。句意同上。根据 “before the 8 arrives” 可知,急救应该发生在救护车到来之前。 ambulance“ 救护车 ” 符合题意,根据 arrives 可知,动词为第三人单数,主语为名词单数。故填: ambulance 。
24 .考查动词。句意:急救可以减轻受害者的痛苦和不适,有时甚至可以挽救生命。根据 the pain 可知, can 后用动词原形, ease the pain“ 减轻痛苦 ” 。故填: ease 。
25 .考查名词。句意同上。根据句意可知,急救可以减轻受害者的痛苦和不适,此处受害者不止一个,用 victim 的复数形式 victims 。故填: victims 。
主谓一致的概念:
谓语的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
主谓一致知识体系:
主谓一致的基本原则:
1)语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。
例如:The students are very young.
This picture looks beautiful.
2)意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;
而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。
例如:The people in that country are fighting for independence.
The crowd deeply respect their leader.
Three years in a strange land seems a long time.
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
例如:Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.
几对容易混淆词组的一致用法:
1、由“this/thatkind/typeof+名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"these/thosekind/typeof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:This kind of apples is highly priced.
Those kind(s) of tests are good.
2、由“a number of,a totalo f,an average of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“the number of,the total of,the average of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:A number of students are waiting for the bus.
The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.
3、one of,the(only) one of的一致用法
例如:This is one of the books that have been recommended.
This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.
主谓一致用法点拨:
1、并列结构作主语谓语用复数:
如:Reading and writing are very important.
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题:
The League secretary and monitor___asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案:B.
注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A、C本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
2、主谓一致中的靠近原则:
1)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)当either…or…与neither…nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
例如:Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
3、谓语动词与前面的主语一致:
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
4、谓语需用单数:
1)代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。
例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder.
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可,意思不变。)
例如:Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.
5、指代意义决定谓语的单复数:
1)在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
例如:All is right. (一切顺利。)
All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
例如:family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
例如:His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
例如:Are there any police around?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of+名词复数+复数动词。 The number of+名词复数+单数动词。
例如:A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6、与后接名词或代词保持一致:
1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
例如:Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2)在一些短语,如many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由more than…of作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
例如:Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市
主谓一致用法拓展:
1)当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式。
例如:If anybody calls, tell him that I'm out.
Something strange happened, didn't it?
2)人称代词与名词的呼应:人称代词I(me),he(him),she(her),it(it) 都是代替前面的单数名词,而they(them),we(us)则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示。
例如:If a young person enters a classical music field only for money, he is in the wrong profession.
3)物主代词与名词的呼应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致。
例如:The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut.
4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。
例如:Many primitive people believed that by eating ananimal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应:this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词(those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”)。
例如:She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.
6)much和muchof后接不可数名词,而many和manyof后接可数名词的复数。
例如:There is not much coal left.
A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.
7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词。
接可数名词的有:a number of,a rangeof,a series of十复数名词;
接不可数名词的有:a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词;
既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有:a lot of,a variety of。
例如:1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education.
2.Quiteanumberofwomenappliedforthisjob.
3.The college library has avariety of books.
4.An apple is avariety off ruit.
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