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1.

Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.

PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.

PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.

You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.

Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.

Waiting lists

If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.

When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.

Deregistering

If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.

You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..

21 In PASS, students ________.

A attend new lectures B decide their own schedules

C prepare problem sets in groups D use their skills to solve problems

22 What can students do if a session is full?

A Fill in the attendance sheet. B Sign up for the waiting list.

C Report their needs and feedback. D Email the office their numbers on the list.

23 Students will be deregistered if ________.

A they send emails in error B they fail to work interactively

C they give their places to others D they miss two sessions in a row

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知识点:科普知识与现代技术
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【答案】

themselves    18 which    19 worse    20 has increased

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时,也增加了塑料产品的使用,造成了环境污染。

【详解】 1. 考查反身代词。句意:因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭,所以他们叫外卖或者预定配送服务。空处在句中作介词 for 的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词 themselves 。故填 themselves

2. 考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只能使用一次。分析可知, most of ______are only good for one use 在句中为非限制性定语从句;先行词为 cups, bottles, and bags ,在从句中作介词 of 的宾语,所以此处用关系代词 which 。故填 which

3. 考查比较级。句意:这是个大问题,而且越来越严重。 even“ 甚至 常置于比较级前,所以此处用 worse ,故填 worse

4. 考查现在完成时。句意:自从 2019 年,那些塑料的使用已经增加了 300% 。根据句中 since 2019 ,可知此处用现在完成时。主语 The use of those plastics 为单数含义,助动词用 has 。故填 has increased

=
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科普知识与现代技术
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1.

We’ve all been there. You’re around new people and you just want to impress them. It can be easy to pretend you know about movies, politics, or science just to get through an awkward situation. But contrary to what feels most natural, a new series of five studies from Pepperdine University shows that those who can admit when they don’t know something tend to actually have more knowledge. If you want to make those people think you’re smart, maybe the best thing to say is “I don’t know.”

For the study, which was led by Elizabeth Krumrei-Mancuso, the team of researchers had one question: Is there a knowledge benefit to admitting intellectual fallibility? To find out, they ran not one, not two, but five separate experiments. They engaged nearly 1,200 participants in their study, and evaluated them using a number of questionnaires testing their cognitive abilities, measuring their own predictions of their cognitive abilities, and, of course, rating their levels of intellectual humility.

For that last part, they used different methods in different studies to get a more wellrounded set of results. One IH survey used eight questions to assess participants on two elements: the “KnowingItAll” subscale, which judged their attitudes of intellectual superiority, and the “Intellectual Openness” subscale, which assessed how open they were to learning from others. In other studies, they used the 22-question “Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale,” which assesses participants on four elements: independence of intellect and ego, openness to revising one’s viewpoint, respect for others’ viewpoints, and lack of intellectual overconfidence. The five studies were used to examine past learning, thinking styles, traits, and motivations.

What the researchers may agree is that the best thing to remember is that curiosity seems to be a good thing. The world is big, and it’s impossible to know everything. At your next dinner party, ask questions and admit your own cluelessness. It might make you a little less clueless next time.

38Why did Elizabeth Krumrei-Mancuso led the study    

Ato find out whether admitting that you don’t know something is beneficial.

Bto find the certain benefit of admitting intellectual disability.

Cto compare the modest people with proud people.

Dto stress the importance of curiosity.

39From the article, we can learn that     .

Awe all tend to pretend we have a good command of knowledge.

Bthe study engaged over 1,200 participants in their study.

C”I don’t know” may be a good answer to people who ask you if you are clever.

Da number of questionnaires are used to test participants’ cognitive humility.

40What is the best title of the article    

ABe yourself!                                              BAdmitting your fallibility!

CExpress your drawbacks!                            DLet curiosity lead you!

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知识点:科普知识与现代技术
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1.

  A native of Florida, U. S. , Hannah Herbst, 17, uses water power to deal with energy poverty. Herbst has risen to fame with the development of BEACON, an ocean energy probe that seeks to offer a stable power source to developing countries by using untapped energy from ocean currents.

She told Teen Vogue , " I was really involved in theater and athletics and I'm still really into those things. When I was in the seventh grade, I was put into a summer camp. The minute I got there I realized that I was the only girl in the program. I wanted to quit at that moment. But my dad told me, ' Just try it. '  I tried it for that day and it changed my life. ”

“At the camp, we started building the robots, which is something I had never done before but many of the boys had, and I realized it was a platform for problem-solving. We were solving simple tasks like how to push a robot off a platform. Learning from my partners as well as online articles about how to program and build was really interesting to me," said Herbst.

Later that year, she received a letter from her pen pal, Ruth, who lives in Ethiopia, and learned that she was living in energy poverty with minimal access to electricity and medical supplies. " I knew that I wanted to do something to help, so I created BEACON, she said.

The device is made from 90% recycled materials easily found throughout the world, including 2-liter bottles and recycled spoons. It costs $ 12 to make and can produce enough electricity to power an LED light. Hannah imagines BEACON being used in developing countries to power pumps for fresh water and she is working on polishing it to get it available to people all over the world.

4What advice does Herbst most likely give to teens by her camp experience?

AQuilting to gain more.

BGiving something a go.

CDeveloping various interests.

DAvoiding favorable conditions

5What kind of summer camp did Herbst join in the seventh grade?

AAthletic.                                                   BLiterature.

CTheater.                                                    DEngineering.

6Which words can best describe Hannah Herbst?

AEnergetic and kind.                                    BHelpful and creative.

CGenerous and modest.                                DCareful and adventurous.

7What can we know about BEACON?

AIt is a powerful LED light.

BIt's made without any cost.

CIts materials are accessible.

DIt has been put on the market.

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1.

  Chinese social media apps have struggled to win over users beyond their home. TikTok is changing that. In the space of just two years, the app has attracted more than half a billion users — around 40% of them outside China --who share short videos of themselves singing, cooking, dancing or just being silly.

Created by the Beijing-based Internet technology company Byte Dance, TikTok has gained an international edge over China's influential social media platforms, such as Tencent's WeChat, Sina Weibo (WB) and Youku of Alibaba (BABA).

What makes Byte Dance better is its right direction and achievement in the social media category, which is largely controlled by Facebook ( FB) , Twitter and Snap all Western companies, said Randy Nelson , head of Mobile Insights at analytics firm Sensor Tower. Social video apps reached new levels of popularity this year. Three of them are in the top 10 most downloaded apps worldwide, according to Sensor Tower. Byte Dance owns two of the three: Vigo Video and TikTok. The other is Instagram, which belongs to Facebook.

Byte Dance calls itself an artificial intelligence company. It uses machine learning   and algorithms to figure out what people like and give them more of what they want to see. the company is best known in China for the popular news app Toutiao, which was put into use in 2012. People got hooked on the app' s customized news feeds quickly. Toutiao now has more than 240 million monthly active users that spend on average 74 minutes per day on the platform.

Byte Dance' s success is attracting big investors. It's reportedly in talks with technology kingmaker SoftBank ( SFTBY) about an investment that would value it at around $75 billion, a huge jump from the $ 20 billion valuation it secured last year. That would make Byte Dance one of the world’s most valuable companies alongside Uber.

8What can be learnt about TikTok?

AIt has appealed to many foreign users.

BIt's the most popular Chinese app abroad.

CIt's the most successful app of Byte Dance.

DIt allows users to share whatever they like on it.

9What sets Byte Dance apart from other Internet technology companies overseas?

ASupport from its investors.                         BSuccess in social video apps.

CGreater diversity in contents.                       DAI technology applied to apps.

10Which of the following can replace the underlined words "got hooked on” in Paragraph 4?

Awere tired of                                             Bwere trapped in.

Cwere familiar with                                     Dwere attracted by

11What is the main idea of the text?

ATik Tok has beaten other social media apps.

BChina's social media apps are successful globally.

CSocial video apps win popularity around the world.

DByte Dance is taking the social media world by storm.

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1.

    Plastic-Eating Worms

Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.

Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes () from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.

Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. "Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, "she explains, "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. "

Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?

Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."

43What can we learn about the worms in the study?

AThey take plastics as their everyday food.

BThey are newly evolved creatures.

CThey can consume plastics.

DThey wind up in landfills.

44According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to            .

Aidentify other means of the breakdown

Bfind out the source of the enzyme

Cconfirm the research findings

Dincrease the breakdown speed

45It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might            .

Ahelp to raise worms

Bhelp make plastic bags

Cbe used to clean the oceans

Dbe produced in factories in future

46What is the main purpose of the passage?

ATo explain a study method on worms.

BTo introduce the diet of a special worm.

CTo present a way to break down plastics.

DTo propose new means to keep eco-balance.

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1.

    Preparing Cities for Robot Cars

The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.

Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.

47According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.

Ahelp deal with transportation-related problems

Bprovide better services to customers

Ccause damage to our environment

Dmake some people lose jobs

48As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?

ASafety.                                                      BSide effects.

CAffordability.                                            DManagement.

49What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

AEmployed.                                                BReplaced.

CShared.                                                     DReduced.

50What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?

ADoubtful.                                                  BPositive.

CDisapproving.                                            DSympathetic.

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