Here are some methods that can effectively help you learn.
Don't expect to learn much by just watching, listening or reading. Instead, try to build your own story. For example, you can be driven to a store 20 times and still not know the road. 1 ． .
Go over a piece of information repeatedly. Most of the information we absorb in a typical day is not only forgettable. 2 ． . Do you really want to remember forever what all the strangers you passed today on the sidewalk were wearing? So how does your brain know whether something should be put into your long-term memory or not? Repeat it over a period of time!
3 ． . If you try to go over it too late, the original memory will be nowhere to be found. But if you wait only a few minutes to review it, it's too quick for you to signal your brain to put it into long-term memory.
4 ． . Flashcards, whether they're physical or virtual, are a great way to do memory practice because they help space out attempts to remember, and you can come back to them easily periodically( 周期性地 ).
But you have to follow certain rules in order to make better use of the flashcards. The No.1 rule is that you need to guess the answer before looking at the card. Even if you think it is hopeless for you to remember, try. 5 ． .Wait long enough between practice sessions. You have to make it a struggle to remember.
A ． Actually, it should be quickly forgotten
B ． The second rule is that you need to make it hard
C ． Used in the right way, flashcards can be of great help
D ． Therefore, repetition is very important for long-term memory
E.But once or twice you try to drive there and you'll know the road by heart
F.Burning an idea into memory by going over it again and again in a single session
G.The key for repetition is that you can neither wait too long nor try to review it too fast
1 ． E
2 ． A
3 ． G
4 ． C
5 ． B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，介绍了一些可以有效帮助学习的方法。
1 ．
根据前文 “For example, you can be driven to a store 20 times and still not know the road.”( 例如，你可能被人开车带到一家商店 20 次，但仍然不知道路。 ) 可知，此处是讲只有自己开车才能记得路，所以选项 E“ 但是如果你试着开车去一两次，你就会把路背熟了 ” 切合文意，选项 E 和前文构成转折关系，对应转折词 but 。故选 E 。
2 ．
根据前文 “Most of the information we absorb in a typical day is not only forgettable.”( 我们在一天中吸收的大部分信息不仅会被遗忘。 ) 可知，此处是讲大部分信息会很快被遗忘，所以选项 A“ 事实上，它应该很快被忘记 ” 切合文意。故选 A 。
3 ．
根据前文 “Repeat it over a period of time!”( 在一段时间内重复它！ ) 可知，此处是讲重复的关键，根据后文 “If you try to go over it too late, the original memory will be nowhere to be found. But if you wait only a few minutes to review it, it's too quick for you to signal your brain to put it into long-term memory.”( 如果你尝试温习得太晚，原来的记忆就找不到了。但如果你只等几分钟就复习，你就太快了，无法向大脑发出信号，让它进入长期记忆。 ) 可知，此处是讲复习得太早或太晚都不好。所以选项 G “ 重复的关键是你不能等待太久，也不能试图复习得太快 ” 切合文意。故选 G 。
4 ．
根据后文 “Flashcards, whether they're physical or virtual, are a great way to do memory practice because they help space out attempts to remember, and you can come back to them easily periodically( 周期性地 ).”( 抽认卡，无论是实体的还是虚拟的，都是一种很棒的记忆练习方式，因为它们可以帮助你分隔记忆的尝试，而且你可以很容易地周期性地回想起来。 ) 可知，此处是讲抽认卡很有帮助，所以选项 C “ 如果使用得当，抽认卡会有很大的帮助 ” 切合文意。故选 C 。
5 ．
根据前文 “The No.1 rule is that you need to guess the answer before looking at the card.”( 第一条规则是你需要在看卡片之前猜出答案。 ) 可知，此处是讲第二条规则，所以选项 B“ 第二条规则是你需要让它变得困难 ” 切合文意。故选 B 。
Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation( 航空 ) Center
If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges( 荣誉徽章 ). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated( 模拟 ) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit( 驾驶舱 ) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of ＂ downed ＂ pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www.sac.com.
1 ． Why do people come to SAC?
A ． To experience adventures.
B ． To look for jobs in aviation.
C ． To get a degree in engineering.
D ． To learn more about medicine.
2 ． To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .
A ． fly to space
B ． get an Aviation badge first
C ． study the principles of flight
D ． build and fire model rockets
3 ． What is the most important for trainees?
A ． Leadership. B ． Team spirit.
C ． Task planning. D ． Survival skills.
1 ． A
2 ． D
3 ． B
【分析】
本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航中心培训项目的相关信息，包括训练内容、受训者参加的条件和益处等。
1 ．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句 If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. 可知，人们来 SAC 是为了寻找与众不同的冒险体验，故选 A 。
85 ．细节理解题。根据文章第三段 At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated( 模拟 ) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. 可知，要想获得太空探险徽章需要建造和发射火箭模型，学习空间任务，尝试与飞行员模拟太空飞行等，故选 D 。
3 ．细节理解题。根据文章第四段 With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task. 可知，对于受训者来说，团队合作是关键，故团队精神是最重要的，故选 B 。
点睛：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（ 1 ）一一对应型。（ 2 ）语言转述型。（ 3 ）语意理解型。（ 4 ）是非辨别型。（ 5 ）事实排序型。
此题中的三题都是细节理解题。解题关键是首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，此题的三小题均为一一对应型，只要找准信息句，一一对应即可得出答案。而第二小题也可以用排除法，如文章第三段 At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated( 模拟 ) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. 提到，要想获得太空探险徽章需要建造和发射火箭模型，学习空间任务，尝试与飞行员模拟太空飞行等，选项 ABC 都是歪曲事实，所以只有 D 正确。
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric( 生物测量 ) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device( 装置 ) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence( 节奏 ) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
1 ． Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A ． To reduce pressure on keys. B ． To improve accuracy in typing.
C ． To replace the password system. D ． To cut the cost of e-space protection.
2 ． What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A ． Computers are much easier to operate.
B ． Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C ． Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D ． Data security measures are guaranteed.
3 ． What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A ． It’ll be environment-friendly. B ． It’ll reach consumers soon.
C ． It’ll be made of plastics. D ． It’ll help speed up typing.
4 ． Where is this text most likely from?
A ． A diary. B ． A guidebook C ． A novel. D ． A magazine.
1 ． D
2 ． C
3 ． B
4 ． D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，而指纹扫描等这些防盗技术仍然很昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，而且这项技术也不贵。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第一段的 At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. 和第二段的 Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart key board. 可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低 e-space 保护的成本。故选 D 。
2 ．细节理解题。根据第二段的 The key board could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities 可知，用户打字的力度和按键之间的时间是不同的，这使得智能键盘能够识别人。故选 C 。
3 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段的 The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选 B 。
4 ．推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，由此可推断本文最有可能来自于一本科学杂志。故选 D 。
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s. He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
“Why do this?” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, with tears in his eyes.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful.” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in Steve Goodwin. It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief that he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal, songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower.”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
1 ． Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?
A ． His music deserved to be preserved in the family. B ． She wanted to please her dying old father.
C ． His music could stop his disease from worsening. D ． She wanted to make her father a professional.
2 ． After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi_________.
A ． refused to make a comment on it B ． was deeply impressed by his music
C ． decided to free Steve from suffering D ． regretted offering help to her friend
3 ． How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland?
A ． He felt concerned about his illness. B ． He sensed a responsibility for music.
C ． He got into a peaceful state. D ． He regained his faith in music.
1 ． A
2 ． B
3 ． C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了 65 岁的 Steve Goodwin 被发现患有早期阿尔茨海默氏症，正在失去记忆。但是他热爱音乐，他女儿最好的朋友 Naomi 在听了他演奏后印象深刻， Naomi 在家人的帮助下，为 Steve 安排了一场音乐会。
1 ．
细节理解题。根据第三段中 “Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.( 他的女儿 Melissa 觉得保存他的音乐是非常值得的，她小时候每天晚上都听着他的音乐入睡 )” 可知， Melissa 想保存她父亲的音乐因为它值得在家里保存。故选 A 。
2 ．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段 “After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.( 音乐会结束后， Naomi 告诉 Steve 一家， Steve 的音乐既优美又专业。它需要公开分享 )” 可知，听了 Steve 的演奏后， Naomi 对他的音乐印象深刻。故选 B 。
3 ．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 “He told his family he was at peace.( 他告诉家人他已经平静了 )” 可知， Steve 认为在波特兰市中心举行的音乐会让他进入了一个平和的状态。故选 C 。
Last-Minute Father's Day Gifts
Following behind Mother's Day, it's really no wonder that Father's Day is coming soon. To help speed up your hunt, we've tracked down some great gifts.
Hamilton Beach Breakfast Sandwich Maker
Help your dad step up his egg- and-cheese game with a breakfast sandwich maker. This handy tool has separate layers for cooking eggs, warming ham and toasting bread, getting everything prepared in less than five minutes.
To buy: $ 20; kitchenaid.com
Crossrope Starter Set
For a dad who's looking to jump into a new fitness routine , this high-tech jump rope will stand in for an entire home gym. This lightweight rope is designed for speed, while the heavyweight rope builds up strength,
To buy: $ 70; uncommongoods.com
Mr. Coffee Mug Warmer
There's perhaps no better gesture than the gift of an always warm cup of coffee. When set on top of this tiny warming plate, a mug of coffee will stay heated for hours. Lightweight and easy to carry, your dad can bring this present to the office, library, or even a friend's house.
To buy: $ 10; mrcoffee.com
Final Touch Watermelon Tapping Kit
What Dad wouldn't enjoy the seemingly magical ability to turn a watermelon into a drink dispenser ( 自动售货机 )? While the “container” should be thrown away after use, the tap can be used again and again.
To buy: $27; cratejoy.com
1 ． What can your dad do with a Crossrope Starter Set?
A ． Work out at home. B ． Save cooking time. C ． Make coffee. D ． Find the nearby gym.
2 ． Which of the following is a feature of Mr. Coffee Mug Warmer?
A ． It can be folded. B ． It is very handy.
C ． It can toast bread. D ． It comes in different shapes.
3 ． Which website should you visit to buy a creative juice maker?
A ． uncommongoods.com. B ． mrcoffee.com. C ． cratejoy.com. D ． kitchenaid.com.
1 ． A
2 ． B
3 ． C
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款可以送给爸爸的父亲节礼物。
1 ．
细节理解题。根据 Crossrope Starter Set 中 “For a dad who's looking to jump into a new fitness routine , this high-tech jump rope will stand in for an entire home gym. ( 如果你的爸爸想要开始新的健身计划，这款高科技跳绳可以代替整个家庭健身房 )” 可知，爸爸可以用十字跳绳自动装置在家锻炼。故选 A 项。
2 ．
细节理解题。根据 Mr. Coffee Mug Warmer 中 “Lightweight and easy to carry, your dad can bring this present to the office, library, or even a friend's house. ( 它重量轻，携带方便，你爸爸可以把它带到办公室，图书馆，甚至是朋友的家里 )” 可知，咖啡马克暖杯的特色之一是它非常方便。故选 B 项。
3 ．
细节理解题。根据 Final Touch Watermelon Tapping Kit 中 “What Dad wouldn't enjoy the seemingly magical ability to turn a watermelon into a drink dispenser ( 自动售货机 )? ( 有什么爸爸不喜欢把西瓜变成自动售货机这种看似神奇的能力呢 )” 和 “To buy: $27; cratejoy.com ( 购买： 27 美元； cratejoy.com)” 可知，可以访问 cratejoy.com 网站来购买有创意的果汁机。故选 C 项。
Louis Armstrong turned the trumpet ( 小号 ) into an instrument capable of surprising beauty. He achieved this with almost no formal training.
What little training he did have began when he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in with the police. The punishment turned out to be a good luck for him, for while he was in prison ( 监狱 ), he also had the opportunity to play in a real band and take lessons on the trumpet.
At the Waif's Home, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the Crescent City's finest musicians. Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did the trumpeter and bandleader King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing skills.
When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong wanted to go with him, but chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day, such as Kid Ory and the Dodds brothers. Armstrong also played in one of the most popular marching bands of the day and fine -tuned his ability to both read and write music.
In Chicago, King Oliver was following Armstrong's progress closely, and offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet—the band had no parts written specifically for trumpet. Soon, Armstrong's talent was getting noticed. Even classically trained musicians from Chicago would come to hear the unbelievable sounds that this young man from New Orleans created on his trumpet. Despite all the attention, Armstrong remained number two in Oliver's band.
Tired of the limits of following King Oliver, Armstrong put together the Hot Five in 1925, which helped to expand his popularity even more. He recorded his first composition, “Cornet Chop Suey”, with this group. His style on the trumpet produced one of the most copied jazz records of all time. But Armstrong s most powerful legacy ( 遗产 ) lies in the confidence and spirit with which he played his horn.
1 ． What does the underlined word “run-in” in paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A ． Fight. B ． Meeting. C ． Agreement. D ． Arrangement,
2 ． Who can be seen as Armstrong's first music teacher?
A ． Kid Ory. B ． Freddie Keppard. C ． King Joe Oliver. D ． The Dodds brothers.
3 ． Why did Louis Armstrong decide to leave Oliver's band?
A ． He could not face up the challenges there, B ． He was kicked out because of his success.
C ． He was not satisfied with his position in the band. D ． He was invited by another more successful band.
4 ． Which of the following best describes Louis Armstrong?
A ． Talented. B ． Well-trained. C ． Grateful. D ． Good-natured.
1 ． A
2 ． C
3 ． C
4 ． A
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了， Louis Armstrong—— 一位有天赋的小号奏乐者。
1 ．
词义猜测题。由第二段 “What little training he did have began when he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in with the police. The punishment turned out to be a good luck for him, for while he was in prison ( 监狱 ), he also had the opportunity to play in a real band and take lessons on the trumpet. ( 当他 12 岁时被安置在新奥尔良彩色流浪汉之家，在与警察发生了一次 run-in 之后，他开始了一些训练。这次惩罚对他来说是个好运气，因为在监狱里，他也有机会在一个真正的乐队里演奏，学习吹小号 )” 可知，应该是与警察发生冲突、打击斗殴之类的，才会被惩罚，关进监狱， run-in 在此处意为 “ 打架 ” 。故选 A 项。
2 ．
细节理解题。由第三段中的 “So did the trumpeter and bandleader King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing skills. ( 小号手兼乐队领队 King Joe Oliver 也是如此，他把这个男孩放在自己的翅膀下，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧 )” 可知， King Joe Oliver 教 Armstrong 如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧，是 Armstrong 的第一位音乐老师。故选 C 项。
3 ．
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的 “Even classically trained musicians from Chicago would come to hear the unbelievable sounds that this young man from New Orleans created on his trumpet. Despite all the attention, Armstrong remained number two in Oliver's band. ( 即使是来自芝加哥的受过古典训练的音乐家也会来听这个来自新奥尔良的年轻人用小号发出的不可思议的声音。尽管如此， Armstrong 仍然是 Oliver 乐队的第二名 )” 和最后一段中的 “Tired of the limits of following King Oliver, Armstrong put together the Hot Five in 1925, which helped to expand his popularity even more. (Armstrong 厌倦了追随 King Oliver 的局限性，于 1925 年组成热力五人组，这进一步扩大了他的知名度 )” 可知， Armstrong 演奏得很好，但也只是 Oliver 乐队的第二名，厌倦了地位在 King Oliver 之下，即对自己在乐队中的地位不满意， Armstrong 决定离开 Oliver 的乐队。故选 C 项。
4 ．
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的 “Soon, Armstrong's talent was getting noticed. Even classically trained musicians from Chicago would come to hear the unbelievable sounds that this young man from New Orleans created on his trumpet. ( 很快， Armstrong 的才华就被注意到了。即使是来自芝加哥的受过古典训练的音乐家也会来听这个来自新奥尔良的年轻人用小号发出的不可思议的声音 )” 可知， Armstrong 才华横溢以至于其他音乐家也会来听他的演奏。故选 A 项。
A new United Nations scientific report says that human-caused climate change is greatly reducing land quality worldwide. It warns that the way humans use land is causing the earth's atmosphere to warm faster and could harm food production. The effects of climate change are already making food more costly and less nutritious ( 有营养的 ) and are worsening food shortages ( 缺乏 ).
The scientists write that if humans change the way they eat, grow food and manage forests, it could help slow world temperature rises.
About 30 percent of the earth's surface is land. But the report says that the land is warming two times faster than the planet as a whole. While heat-trapping ( 吸热的 ) gases are causing problems in the atmosphere, land has been less talked about as a part of climate change.
“The change could be worse,” the report says. Agriculture and forestry together account for about 23 percent of the heat-trapping gases that are warming the earth. That does not include energy costs, food transportation and packaging. With those activities added, the amount grows to 37 percent.
But land can absorb heat trapping gases out of the air. From 2009 to 2018, for example, agriculture and forestry each year put 5.2 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide into the air. But the land pulled 11.2 billion metric tons out of it. Carbon dioxide is a main heat trapping gas.
Scientists have long believed that one of the few good things about higher levels of carbon dioxide is that plants grow well in such conditions. But many studies show that the high levels of carbon dioxide can reduce protein ( 蛋白质 ) and nutrients in many crops.
The report also suggests ways that carbon emissions could be reduced further. This could be done if humans reduce the amount of red meat they eat and instead eat more fruit, vegetables and seeds. That would also make people healthier.
101 ． What has not been paid much attention to in the study of climate change?
A ． Greenhouse gases. B ． Land. C ． The earth's surface. D ． People's lifestyles.
1 ． How does the land function in global warming?
A ． It takes in a lot of carbon dioxide. B ． It produces grains less nutritious.
C ． It causes the majority of heat-trapping gases. D ． It sends off more carbon dioxide than it removes.
2 ． What is suggested to fight against global warning?
A ． Growing plants to absorb carbon dioxide. B ． Planting high quality crops.
C ． Limiting red meat intake. D ． Producing enough food.
3 ． What is the text mainly about?
A ． Humans should live a healthy life.
B ． Global warming is more and more serious.
C ． There will be a food shortage in the future.
D ． Climate change affects land quality and food production.
1 ． B
2 ． A
3 ． C
4 ． D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项新的联合国科学报告指出，人类引起的气候变化极大地降低了全球的土地质量。人类利用土地的方式导致地球大气升温加快，并可能危害粮食生产。
1 ．
细节理解题。由第三段中的 “But the report says that the land is warming two times faster than the planet as a whole. While heat-trapping ( 吸热的 ) gases are causing problems in the atmosphere, land has been less talked about as a part of climate change. ( 但是报告说，陆地变暖的速度是整个地球的两倍。虽然吸热气体在大气中造成了问题，但作为气候变化的一部分，人们很少谈论土地 )” 可知，在气候变化的研究中，人们很少谈论土地，说明土地问题没有引起足够的重视，常被忽略。故选 B 项。
2 ．
细节理解题。由第五段 “But land can absorb heat trapping gases out of the air. From 2009 to 2018, for example, agriculture and forestry each year put 5.2 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide into the air. But the land pulled 11.2 billion metric tons out of it. ( 但是土地可以吸收空气中的吸热气体。例如，从 2009 年到 2018 年，农业和林业每年向空气中排放 52 亿吨二氧化碳。但这片土地却从中抽走了 112 亿公吨 )” 可知，在全球变暖中，土地吸收了大量的二氧化碳。故选 A 项。
3 ．
细节理解题。由最后一段中的 “The report also suggests ways that carbon emissions could be reduced further. This could be done if humans reduce the amount of red meat they eat and instead eat more fruit, vegetables and seeds. ( 报告还提出了进一步减少碳排放的方法。如果人类减少吃红肉的数量，转而多吃水果、蔬菜和种子，就可以做到这一点 )” 可知，人类减少吃红肉的数量，可以减少碳排放，防御全球变暖。故选 C 项。
4 ．
主旨大意题。由第一段 “A new United Nations scientific report says that human-caused climate change is greatly reducing land quality worldwide. It warns that the way humans use land is causing the earth's atmosphere to warm faster and could harm food production. The effects of climate change are already making food more costly and less nutritious ( 有营养的 ) and are worsening food shortages ( 缺乏 ). ( 一份新的联合国科学报告说，人类引起的气候变化正在全球范围内大大降低土地质量。报告警告说，人类利用土地的方式正在导致地球大气层升温更快，并可能损害粮食生产。气候变化的影响已经使粮食成本更高，营养也越来越少，粮食短缺也在恶化 )” 可知，文章主要讲人类引起的气候变化会降低全球的土地质量、危害粮食生产， D 项 “ 气候变化影响土地质量和粮食生产 ” 符合文意。故选 D 项。
Multi- tasking can get you through the day, but “deep work” is important to your sense of purpose and success.
“Zero distractions” is what Cal Newport, author of Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World, stresses and he believes that it is required to have a session of focused productivity he calls “deep work”.
Is a zero-distraction moment even possible for most of us these days? After all, every technical invention that makes our lives more convenient, like phones and apps and streaming services, are built for a multi-tasking lifestyle.
Add to your grocery list. Press “buy” on a shopping website. Book a table for this weekend. All of these are things many of us do at the same time—and all too often while we're doing something else, like working.
Newport described the disadvantages of this lifestyle in an interview with The New York Times, “Every time you switch your attention from one target to another and then back again, there's a cost. This changing creates an effect that scientists call attention residue, which can lower your cognitive capacity for an important amount of time before it clears. If you constantly make ‘quick checks’ of different kinds of inventions and inboxes, you will keep yourself in a state of constant attention residue, which is a terrible idea if you're someone who uses your brain to make a living.”
Instead of moving from activity to activity, Newport advises us to actively make time for “deep work" every day, time when we are focused on a cognitively challenging task without interruption from anything else. This could be reading or learning a language or meeting a professional goal. The important part is that it needs to be an activity you can put all your energy and attention into wholeheartedly.
Getting in the habit of working deeply will, says Newport, lead you to the conclusion that “concentration is a super power”.
1 ． What's the purpose of paragraph 4?
A ． To give us examples of multi-tasking. B ． To show us how to do online shopping.
C ． To tell the disadvantages of multi- tasking. D ． To tell us what we should do while working.
2 ． What does Cal Newport think of multi-tasking?
A ． It's a great idea. B ． It seems powerful. C ． It can be harmful. D ． It's good for memory.
3 ． What is Cal Newport’s suggestion?
A ． Setting a high goal for life. B ． Sparing time for “deep work”.
C ． Using the latest technologies. D ． Doing something unknown
4 ． Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A ． Tips on Work B ． Different Lifestyles
C ． A New Shopping Habit D ． The Necessity of Deep Work
1 ． A
2 ． C
3 ． B
4 ． D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了 “ 深度工作 ” 对你的目标感和成功很重要，多任务处理对人们注意力的保持不利，作者 Cal Newport 建议我们腾出时间做 “ 深度工作 ” ，养成专心工作的习惯会让你得出 “ 专注是一种超级能力 ” 的结论。
1 ．
推理判断题。根据第四段 “Add to your grocery list. Press “buy” on a shopping website. Book a table for this weekend. All of these are things many of us do at the same time—and all too often while we're doing something else, like working.( 添加到你的购物清单上。在购物网站上按 “ 购买 ” 键。 订一张这周末的桌子。所有这些事情我们很多人都在同时做，而且经常是在我们做其他事情的时候，比如工作 )” 可推知，第四段的目的是给我们多任务处理的例子。故选 A 。
2 ．
推理判断题。根据第五段 “Newport described the disadvantages of this lifestyle in an interview with The New York Times, “Every time you switch your attention from one target to another and then back again, there's a cost. This changing creates an effect that scientists call attention residue, which can lower your cognitive capacity for an important amount of time before it clears. If you constantly make ‘quick checks’ of different kinds of inventions and inboxes, you will keep yourself in a state of constant attention residue, which is a terrible idea if you're someone who uses your brain to make a living.”( 在接受《纽约时报》采访时， Newport 描述了这种生活方式的缺点。这种变化产生了一种效应，科学家称之为 “ 注意残留 ” ，它会在很长一段时间内降低你的认知能力，直到它消失。 如果你不断地 ‘ 快速查看 ’ 不同种类的发明和收件箱，你就会让自己处于一种持续注意力残留的状态，如果你是一个用大脑谋生的人，这是一个糟糕的想法。 ”)” 可推知， Cal Newport 认为多任务处理可能有害。故选 C 。
3 ．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 “Instead of moving from activity to activity, Newport advises us to actively make time for “deep work" every day, time when we are focused on a cognitively challenging task without interruption from anything else.(Newport 建议我们每天积极地为 “ 深度工作 ” 腾出时间，而不是从一项活动转到另一项活动，这段时间我们专注于一项具有认知挑战性的任务，不受任何其他事情的干扰 )” 可知， Cal Newport 的建议是腾出时间做 “ 深度工作 ” 。故选 B 。
4 ．
主旨大意题。根据第一段 “Multi- tasking can get you through the day, but “deep work” is important to your sense of purpose and success.( 多项任务可以让你度过一天，但 “ 深度工作 ” 对你的目标感和成功很重要 )” 结合文章主要说明了 “ 深度工作 ” 对你的目标感和成功很重要，多任务处理对人们注意力的保持不利，作者 Cal Newport 建议我们腾出时间做 “ 深度工作 ” ，养成专心工作的习惯会让你得出 “ 专注是一种超级能力 ” 的结论。可知， D 选项 “ 深度工作的必要性 ” 最符合文章标题。故选 D 。
二、完形填空
完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A 、 B 、 C 和 D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Prime Minister Winston Churchill was young, he attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a 1 student. As a matter of fact, he’d have been thrown out of the school, if he hadn’t been the son of a famous leader. However, he 2 his study at Harrow, went on to the university, and then had a successful 3 in the army. He later was elected Prime Minister and brought great honor to Britain. Toward the end of his period as Prime Minister, he was____4____ to address the young boys at Harrow, his old 5 He gave this short but moving speech: “Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! 6 !”
Many people___7_____ Abraham Lincoln to be the greatest president of all time. Yet it should be 8 how many failures and defeats 9 his early life. He grew up on a small farm. In those early years, his family 10 had a penny and he had only one year of___11_____education. In 1832, he lost his job. In 1833 he 12 in business. In 1835, the woman he loved died. In 1843 he was 13 when he tried to enter the Congress( 国会 ).
In 1856, he was defeated in the___14_____ for vice president. In spite of these, he didn’t 15 , and he was elected President of the US in 1860.
Personal history, education, situation—none of these can 16 a strong spirit. Some of the world’s greatest people have____17____ huge problems and difficulties at some time in their lives, but they’ve gone on to do 18 deeds. Bury him in the snows of Valley Forge, and you have a George Washington. Make a musical genius____19____to hear, and you have a Ludwig van Beethoven. Call him__20______ to learn, and write him off as stupid, and you have an Albert Einstein.
1 ． A ． clever B ． lazy C ． famous D ． good
2 ． A ． abandoned B ． supported C ． completed D ． appreciated
3 ． A ． fight B ． career C ． speech D ． movement
4 ． A ． invited B ． ordered C ． forced D ． informed
5 ． A ． family B ． school C ． centre D ． hometown
6 ． A ． Always B ． Sometimes C ． Once D ． Never
7 ． A ． ignore B ． want C ． sense D ． consider
8 ． A ． forgiven B ． forgotten C ． remembered D ． blamed
9 ． A ． respected B ． served C ． marked D ． spared
10 ． A ． usually B ． hardly C ． fairly D ． merely
11 ． A ． regular B ． special C ． extra D ． royal
12 ． A ． appeared B ． opened C ． succeeded D ． failed
13 ． A ． lost B ． defeated C ． valued D ． cared
14 ． A ． exchange B ． election C ． entrance D ． benefit
15 ． A ． make up B ． agree with C ． take over D ． give up
16 ． A ． hold back B ． depend on C ． keep up D ． apply for
17 ． A ． answered B ． controlled C ． met D ． avoided
18 ． A ． crazy B ． small C ． new D ． great
19 ． A ． unable B ． hesitate C ． hopeful D ． likely
20 ． A ． slow B ． wise C ． quick D ． Strong
1 ． D
2 ． C
3 ． B
4 ． A
5 ． B
6 ． D
7 ． D
8 ． C
9 ． C
10 ． B
11 ． A
12 ． D
13 ． B
14 ． B
15 ． D
16 ． A
17 ． C
18 ． D
19 ． A
20 ． A
【分析】
试题分析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章以世界著名领导人丘吉尔和林肯为例告诉我们了不管生活中遇到多大的困难，都不要轻易放弃，什么都无法阻挡一颗强大的内心。
1 ．
D 考查形容词辨析。句意：他不是一个好学生。 A. clever 聪明的； B. lazy 懒惰的； C. famous 著名的； D. good 好的；根据 “As a matter of fact, he’d have been thrown out of the school,” 可知，他不是一个好学生，所以答案是 D 。
2 ．
C 考查动词辨析。句意：然而，他在哈罗公学完成了学业，上了大学，然后在军队里取得了成功。 A. abandoned 遗弃； B. supported 支持； C. completed 完成； D. appreciated 欣赏、感激；上文说她不是一个好学生，如果不是因为他是一位著名领导人的儿子，他早就被学校开除了， However 表明他却完成了学业，所以答案是 C 。
3 ．
B 考查名词辨析。句意同上。 A. fight 打仗； B. career 职业； C. speech 演讲； D. movement 运动；根据语境可知，他在军队里有一个成功的职业生涯，所以答案是 B 。
4 ．
A 考查动词辨析。句意：他在首相任职结束的时候，被邀请到他的母校做演讲。 A. invited 邀请； B. ordered 命令； C. forced 强制； D. informed 通知；根据 “to address the young boys at Harrow” 可知，他被邀请到他的母校做演讲，所以答案是 A 。
5 ．
B 考查名词辨析。句意同上。 A. family 家庭； B. school 学校； C. Center 中心； D. hometown 家乡；由前文可知哈罗公学是他的母校，所以答案是 B 。
6 ．
D 考查副词辨析。句意：年轻人们，永远不要放弃，永远。 A. Always 经常； B. Sometimes 有时； C. Once 一次； D. Never 从不；根据语境可知，他告诫学生们永远不要放弃，所以答案是 D 。
7 ．
D 考查动词辨析。句意：许多人认为林肯是一位伟大的总统。 A. ignore 忽视； B. want 想要； C. sense 感觉； D. consider 认为；根据语境和常识可知，人们认为林肯是一位伟大的总统，所以答案是 D 。
8 ．
C 考查动词辨析。句意：我们应该记着在他的生命里有多少失败的印记， A. forgiven 原谅； B. forgotten 忘记； C. remembered 记住； D. blamed 责备；根据语境可知，人们认为林肯很伟大，但我们也应该记着他也经历过很多失败，所以答案是 C 。
9 ．
C 考查动词辨析。句意同上。 A.respected 尊敬； B. served 服务； C.marked 标志、印记； D. spared 节省；根据语境可知无数的失败在他的生命里留下了印记，所以答案是 C 。
10 ．
B 考查副词辨析。句意：他的家里几乎没有一分钱，他只接受了一年的正规教育。 A. usually 通常； B. hardly 几乎不； C. fairly 公平的； D. merely 仅仅；根据语境可知，他的家里很穷，几乎没有一分钱，所以答案是 B 。
11 ．
A 考查形容词辨析。句意同上。 A. regular 规律的； B. special 特殊的； C. extra 额外的； D. royal 忠诚的。家里面没有钱，自然是上不起学，所以他只接受了一年的正规教育，所以答案是 A 。
12 ．
D 考查动词辨析。句意：在 1833 年的时候他做生意失败了。 A. appeared 出现； B. opened 打开； C. succeeded 成功； D. failed 失败；上文说林肯也经历过很多失败，因此此处是说他做生意失败了，所以答案是 D 。
13 ．
B 考查动词辨析。句意： 1843 年他在国会竞选中被击败了。 A. lost 失去； B. defeated 击败； C. valued 价值； D. cared 关心。根据语境，在国会竞选中被击败也是林肯经历过的众多失败之一，所以答案是 B 。
14 ．
B 考查名词辨析。句意： 1856 年他在副总统竞选中被击败了。 A. exchange 改变； B. election 选举； C. entrance 进入； D. benefit 受益；根据语境可知此处指 “ 副总统竞选 ” ，所以答案是 B 。
15 ．
D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管失败了很多次，但他并没放弃。 A. make up 弥补； B. agree with 同意； C. take over 接收； D. give up 放弃；本文主要讲的就是两位名人经历无数失败却没有放弃的事情，所以答案是 D 。
16 ．
A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：个人历史、教育及环境这些问题都不能阻挡住一颗强大的心。 A. hold back 阻挡； B. depend on 依靠； C. keep up 保持； D. apply for 申请；根据语境可知，个人历史、教育及环境这些问题都不能阻挡住一颗强大的内心，所以答案是 A 。
17 ．
C 考查动词辨析。句意：一些世界著名的人物在他们的生命中也会遇到巨大的困难和问题，但是他们仍然在做伟大的事业。 A. answered 回答； B. controlled 控制； C. met 遇见； D. avoided 避免；根据上文的讲述可知，丘吉尔和林肯在他们的生命中也会遇到巨大的困难和问题，所以答案是 C 。
18 ．
D 考查形容词辨析。句意同上。 A. crazy 疯狂的； B. small 小的； C. new 新的； D. great 伟大的；根据语境和常识可知，像丘吉尔和林肯这样著名的人物投身的事业也是伟大的，所以答案是 D 。
19 ．
A 考查形容词辨析。句意：让一个音乐天才听不见，你就有了一个路德维希 · 凡 · 贝多芬。 A. unable 无能为力的； B. hesitate 犹豫的； C. hopeful 有希望的； D. likely 可能的；根据常识可知，贝多芬没有听力，所以答案是 A 。
20 ．
A 考查形容词辨析。句意：说他学得慢，说他笨，你就有了一个阿尔伯特 · 爱因斯坦。 A. slow 慢的； B. wise 明智的； C. quick 迅速的； D. Strong 强壮的；根据常识可知，爱因斯坦小时候经常被老师说笨，学东西很慢，所以答案是 A 。
考点：哲理类短文
At the age of eight, Lewis visited a nearby shelter for the homeless for the first time. Before he left home, he put on his favorite shoes 1 . But his mom told him to take them off, 2 that those children might not have such good shoes.
Sure enough, when Lewis met them at the shelter, he quickly 3 that their living conditions were far worse than his.
“Their shoes were 4 . Some of them even didn't have shoes,” said Lewis. “I feel very 5 to grow up in a family that is able to 6 me with whatever I need. A lot of kids here in the US don't have as many 7 as I do,” Lewis said years later.
The shelter visit left such a deep impression on Lewis that he started 8 to shelters all the shoes he'd outgrown. But he soon recognized that his donations weren't that 9 . So in 2010, at the age of ten, Lewis started a program to collect 10 shoes from his neighborhood for the homeless children.
With the help of his parents, he then 11 the Gotta Have Shoes Foundation ( 基金 ). Since then, the 12 has donated shoes to more than 10, 000 homeless children in 21 states.
“By 13 footwear to homeless children, I'm making sure that they have at least one less thing to 14 ,” Lewis said, “I hope our Foundation can 15 enough money to provide a permanent ( 永久的 ) living place for them in the future.”
1 ． A ． slowly B ． proudly C ． regretfully D ． unhappily
2 ． A ． explaining B ． showing C ． ordering D ． demanding
3 ． A ． said B ． pretended C ． realized D ． recommended
4 ． A ． sliding away B ． falling down C ． breaking away D ． falling apart
5 ． A ． lucky B ． sad C ． confused D ． amazed
6 ． A ． share B ． connect C ． fill D ． provide
7 ． A ． hobbies B ． dreams C ． choices D ． abilities
8 ． A ． going B ． washing C ． keeping D ． donating
9 ． A ． unusual B ． meaningful C ． helpful D ． precious
10 ． A ． used B ． expensive C ． beautiful D ． new
11 ． A ． started B ． left C ． sold D ． bought
12 ． A ． company B ． government C ． organization D ． family
13 ． A ． carrying B ． giving C ． transporting D ． dressing
14 ． A ． talk about B ． work out C ． play with D ． worry about
15 ． A ． spend B ． raise C ． make D ． save
1 ． B
2 ． A
3 ． C
4 ． D
5 ． A
6 ． D
7 ． C
8 ． D
9 ． C
10 ． A
11 ． A
12 ． C
13 ． B
14 ． D
15 ． B
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Lewis 建立了一个组织，这个组织旨在为无家可归的儿童捐赠鞋子。
1 ．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：离家前，他自豪地穿上他最喜欢的鞋子。 A. slowly 慢慢地； B. proudly 自豪地； C. regretfully 遗憾地； D. unhappily 不开心地。由上文的 “he put on his favorite shoes” 可知，此处用 “ 自豪地 ” 描述 Lewis 穿上他最喜欢的鞋子的心情。故选 B 项。
2 ．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是他妈妈让他脱下来，解释说那些孩子可能没有这么好的鞋子。 A. explaining 解释； B. showing 展示； C. ordering 命令； D. demanding 要求。由本处语境可知，此处指妈妈在向 Lewis 解释脱下鞋子的原因。故选 A 项。
3 ．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：果然， Lewis 在收容所见到他们时，他很快意识到他们的生活条件比他差得多。 A. said 说； B. pretended 假装； C. realized 意识到； D. recommended 建议。由下文的 “their living conditions were far worse than his” 可知，收容所孩子们生活条件差，这是 Lewis 去了收容所才意识到的事情。故选 C 项。
4 ．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们的鞋子都快散架了。 A. sliding away 滑走； B. falling down 跌倒； C. breaking away 挣脱； D. falling apart 破裂，散架。由上文的 “their living conditions were far worse than his” 可知，收容所孩子们生活条件差，可得出他们的鞋子也不怎么好，鞋子应该快散架了。故选 D 项。
5 ．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己很幸运，成长在一个家庭，能够提供我所需要的一切。 A. lucky 幸运的； B. sad 悲伤的； C. confused 困惑的； D. amazed 吃惊的。由下文的 “grow up in a family that is able to ____6____ me with whatever I need” 可知，成长在一个能提供自己所需的家庭环境中，这是很幸运的。故选 A 项。
6 ．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己很幸运，成长在一个家庭，能够提供我所需要的一切。 A. share 分享； B. connect 连接； C. fill 充满； D. provide 提供。由本处的 “grow up in a family that is able to ____6____ me with whatever I need” 可知，此处指 Lewis 的家庭能给他提供所需要的物品， provide sb. with sth. ( 提供某人某物 ) 。故选 D 项。
7 ．
考查名词词义辨析。句意： “ 在美国，很多孩子没有我那么多的选择， ” Lewis 多年后说。 A. hobbies 爱好； B. dreams 梦想； C. choices 选择； D. abilities 能力。由上文语境可知， Lewis 的家庭富裕，能给他提供所需要的物品，他有很多选择的机会。故选 C 项。
8 ．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：庇护所的访问给 Lewis 留下了深刻的印象，他开始向庇护所捐赠所有他已经穿不上的鞋子。 A. going 走； B. washing 冲洗； C. keeping 保持； D. donating 捐赠。由下文的 “all the shoes he'd outgrown” 和 “his donations” 可知， Lewis 把自己穿不上的鞋子捐了出去。故选 D 项。
9 ．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他很快就意识到他的捐款并没有那么有帮助。 A. unusual 不同寻常的； B. meaningful 有意义的； C. helpful 有帮助的； D. precious 宝贵的。由下文的 “So in 2010, at the age of ten, Lewis started a program to collect ____10____ shoes” 可知， Lewis 后来发起了一个项目来收集鞋子，说明他个人捐赠鞋子的行为并没有什么帮助。故选 C 项。
10 ．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以在 2010 年， 10 岁的 Lewis 开始了一个项目，为无家可归的孩子们从他的社区收集旧鞋。 A. used 旧的； B. expensive 昂贵的； C. beautiful 美丽的； D. new 新的。由上文的 “all the shoes he'd outgrown” 可知， Lewis 把自己穿不上的旧鞋子捐了出去，收集的也是旧鞋子。故选 A 项。
11 ．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父母的帮助下，他设立了鞋子基金会。 A. started 开始，设立； B. left 离开； C. sold 卖； D. bought 买。由下文的 “the Gotta Have Shoes Foundation” 可知，此处指 Lewis 设立了鞋子基金会。故选 A 项。
12 ．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，该组织已经向 21 个州的 10000 多名无家可归的儿童捐赠了鞋子。 A. company 公司； B. government 政府； C. organization 组织； D. family 家庭。由上文的 “the Gotta Have Shoes Foundation” 可知，此处指鞋子基金会组织的捐鞋行动。故选 C 项。
13 ．
考查动词词义辨析。句意： “ 通过给无家可归的孩子提供鞋，我保证他们至少有一件事不用担心， ”Lewis 说， “ 我希望我们的基金会能够筹集足够的资金，在将来为他们提供一个永久的生活场所。 ”A. carrying 携带； B. giving 给予； C. transporting 运输； D. dressing 穿衣服。由上文语境可知，鞋子基金会捐鞋给无家可归的孩子们，所以是给予无家可归的孩子鞋子。故选 B 项。
14 ．
考查动词短语辨析。句意： “ 通过给无家可归的孩子提供鞋，我保证他们至少有一件事不用担心， ”Lewis 说， “ 我希望我们的基金会能够筹集足够的资金，在将来为他们提供一个永久的生活场所。 ”A. talk about 谈论； B. work out 锻炼； C. play with 玩弄； D. worry about 担忧。由上文语境可知，鞋子基金会捐鞋给无家可归的孩子们，所以无家可归的孩子无需担心没鞋穿。故选 D 项。
15 ．
考查动词词义辨析。句意： “ 通过给无家可归的孩子提供鞋，我保证他们至少有一件事不用担心， ”Lewis 说， “ 我希望我们的基金会能够筹集足够的资金，在将来为他们提供一个永久的生活场所。 ”A. spend 花费； B. raise 筹集； C. make 使 …… ； D. save 节约。由本处的 “our Foundation can ____15____ enough money” 可知，鞋子基金会是一个公益组织，应该是向大众筹钱来帮助无家可归的孩子。故选 B 项。
假如你是学生会主席李华，发现部分同学因忙于学习而影响了健康。为此，你决定向全校同学发出以 “ 管理自己的健康 ” 为主题的倡议书，内容要点包括：
1. 提出存在的问题；
2. “ 管理自己的健康 ”Manage our health 的意义及倡议。
注意：
1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
Dear fellow students,
It worries me a lot to notice that lack of self-care brought by academic pressure has had a great influence on the health of some students.
Good health is known as the best wealth. It is the basis of efficient studies and other activities. Therefore, I strongly advocate the idea of “Manage our own health”. To achieve the goal, let’s learn to strike a balance between study and rest by means of healthy eating, adequate rest and regular physical activities. Besides, mental wellbeing cannot be neglected. Only when physical health combined with mental wellbeing is guaranteed, can we ensure better academic performance, enjoying a really satisfying school life.
Every small step counts! However busy we are, remember to care for ourselves.
The Students’ Union
【分析】
本文属于应用文，要求考生向全校同学发出以 “ 管理自己的健康 ” 为主题的倡议书。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
学习： study→academic
提倡： advise→advocate
充足的： enough→adequate
忘记： forget→neglect
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： Good health is known as the best wealth. It is the basis of efficient studies and other activities.
拓展句： Good health is known as the best wealth, which is the basis of efficient studies and other activities.
【点睛】
[ 高分句型 1] It worries me a lot to notice that lack of self-care brought by academic pressure has had a great influence on the health of some students. ( 运用了 that 引导的主语从句 )
[ 高分句型 2] Only when physical health combined with mental wellbeing is guaranteed, can we ensure better academic performance, enjoying a really satisfying school life. ( 运用了 when 引导的时间状语从句 )
假定你是李华。最近 , 你校将举办一场《红楼梦》 (A Dream in Red Mansions) 读书交流会。你得知国际交换生 James 对此书很感兴趣。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括 :
1. 邀请他参加；
2. 告知活动时间、地点等；
3. 介绍活动内容：交流阅读该经典名著的体会。
注意 :1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Dear James,
Our school is going to hold a meeting to share our views on the Chinese classic, A Dream in Red Mansions , next week. I have learned that you are very interested in the book and have read it many times. Would you like to take part in the discussion?
The meeting will be held at 15:00 on Thursday in the lecture hall. Some of the famous experts are also invited to share their thoughts and comprehension of the book. I am sure there will be lively discussions.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给国际交换生 James 写一封邀请信，邀请他来参加学举办的《红楼梦》 (A Dream in Red Mansions) 读书交流会。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
参加 join → take part in
想法 ideas→thoughts
理解 understanding→comprehension
活跃的 active→lively
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句： Looking forward to your early reply.
拓展句： I would appreciate it if you could give me an early reply.
【点睛】
[ 高分句型 1]Our school is going to hold a meeting to share our views on the Chinese classic, A Dream in Red Mansions , next week.( 不定式作目的状语 )
[ 高分句型 2]I am sure there will be lively discussions.( 省略连接词 that 的宾语从句 )
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Curtis Whitson knew Arroyo Seco very well. He had been to the camping site across the river many times with his friends.
But this time, it was different. Now he was with family: his wife and his 13-year-old son. And as they approached the river late in the afternoon, he found that the usually quiet river had turned wild due to a heavy rain two days before. It was impossible for them to cross the river to reach the camping site or return because it was too late.
“We cannot camp in the wildness and I have to send out a message for rescue,” Whitson thought.
He looked around and found a stick. He pulled out his pocketknife and carved “Help” in it. Then he tied a red rope to catch people's attention. He threw it into the river, but it did not float far and got stuck.
“Why not try our luck with our green Nalgene water bottle and put a note in it?” suggested his wife,
Whitson did as he was told and carved the word “help” on it before he threw the bottle into the river. This time, it worked perfectly.
“All right, we have tried our best to get help,” Whitson said, “But we should not just wait in this dangerous wildness in case…”
They walked up and down along the river bank for about 30 minutes and found a flat place to set up their tents. They collected enough dead branches and wood to keep a campfire going on all night. As the darkness closed in, they placed on the top of the camp a headlamp with its flashing light on. They waited until 10: 30 pm. But nothing happened. So they went to bed. Before turning in, Whitson added more wood to the fire to keep the dangerous animals away.
注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Shortly after midnight, they heard a helicopter circling above their tents.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When the officers dropped them back at the rescue center, the family learned more about the whole story.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Shortly after midnight, they heard a helicopter circling above their tents. Whitson jumped out of his sleeping bag excitedly and ran out to get the headlamp. While flashing the light at the helicopter, they kept waving theirs and shouting until they heard the magic words, “This is Search and Rescue. You have been found. We are looking for a good place to land. Please stay where you are.
When the officers dropped them back at the rescue center, the family learned more about the whole story. It turned out that a man living downstream saw the water bottle when he was fishing in the river. It was trapped in his fishing net. He picked it up and saw the word “Help!” on it. Immediately, he sent it to the rescuers, who found the note inside the water bottle. On hearing the story, Whitson's wife jumped up and hugged his husband and son, whispering to them, “What a romantic adventure!”
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了 Curtis Whitson 和家人要去河边露营，但发现河水猛烈上涨，既无法到达露营地，也不可能回去，危险重重，在妻子的建议下他在一个漂流瓶上写上求救信息，把瓶子扔向水中，他们找到一个平坦的地方搭帐篷，做好准备，以期得救。
【详解】
1. 段落续写：
① 由第一段首句内容 “ 午夜过后不久，他们听到一架直升机在帐篷上空盘旋。 ” 可知，第一段可描写 Whitson 发现直升机来营救他们了。
② 由第二段首句内容 “ 当警察把他们送回救援中心时，他们一家对整个事件有了更多的了解。 ” 可知，第二段可描写 Whitson 了解到，是因为有人捡到了漂流瓶并把纸条寄给了救援人员，他们才得救的，他们觉得这是一次浪漫的冒险。
2. 续写线索：直升机来了 ——Whitson 一家被找到 —— 了解缘由 —— 捡到瓶子 —— 发现信息 —— 救援成功 —— 感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
① 冲出去： run out to / dash out to
② 寻找： look for / search for
③ 被困住： be trapped / be ensnared
情绪类
① 兴奋地： excitedly / with excitement
【点睛】
[ 高分句型 1]. Immediately, he sent it to the rescuers, who found the note inside the water bottle. ( 由关系代词 who 引导非限制性定语从句 )
[ 高分句型 2]. On hearing the story, Whitson's wife jumped up and hugged his husband and son, whispering to them, “What a romantic adventure!”( 现在分词短语作状语 )
________ this respect, the new version is not so good as the old one. ( 用适当的词填空 )
In
【详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：在这方面，新版本不如旧版本好。 in this respect 意为 “ 在这方面 ” ，为固定搭配。所以此处应用介词 in 。句首首字母应大写。故填 In 。
These theories have been backed ________ by research so far. ( 用适当的词填空 )
up
【详解】
考查介词。句意：到目前为止，这些理论已经得到了研究的支持。结合句意表示 “ 支持 ” 可知短语为 back up 。故填 up 。
She turned to face him calmly, and her anger ________ (apparent) has gone. ( 所给词的适当形式填空 )
apparently
【详解】
考查副词。句意：她平静地转过身来面对着他，她的怒气显然已经消失了。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词 go ， apparent 的副词为 apparently“ 显然 ” 。故填 apparently 。
My friends were very ________ (support) after I decided to study hard. ( 所给词的适当形式填空 )
supportive
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：我决定努力学习后，我的朋友们非常支持我。空处需用形容词作表语， support 的形容词为 supportive“ 支持的 ” 。故填 supportive 。
Is there anyone in your class _______ family is in the country? （用适当的词填空）
whose
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意：你们班有哪位同学家在农村吗？此处为定语从句修饰先行词 anyone ，先行词在定语从句中作定语，用 whose 引导该定语从句。故填 whose 。
The boy pretended ________ (clean) the floor when I passed by him. ( 所给词的适当形式填空 )
to be cleaning
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我经过那个男孩时，他假装在擦地板。此处为短语 pretend to do sth. ， “ 假装做某事 ” ，后跟不定式作宾语，且表示 “ 正在做某事 ” 应用 to be doing 形式。故填 to be cleaning 。
Kris talked a lot about the things and persons ________ he remembered in the school. ( 用适当的词填空 )
that
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意： Kris 谈了很多他记得的学校里的人和事。空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是 the things and persons ，既指人又指物，关系词在定语从句中作动词 remembered 的宾语，所以空处需用关系代词 that 引导定语从句。故填 that 。
Daisy seemed ________ (know) the matter before I told her. ( 所给词的适当形式填空 )
to have known
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：黛西似乎在我告诉她之前就知道了这件事。根据搭配 seem to do sth ，表示 “ 似乎做某事 ” ，空处动词应用不定式，再结合后文的 before ，此处表示完成，应用不定式的完成式，即 to have done ，故填 to have known 。
This is the hotel ________ they stayed last week. ( 用适当的词填空 )
where/ at which
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这就是他们上星期住的旅馆。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是 hotel ，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词 where 引导定语从句，因为酒店是小地点，所以 where=at which 。故填 where/at which 。
Tim is always the first ________ (answer) the question in my class. ( 所给词的适当形式填空 )
to answer
【详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：蒂姆在我班上总是第一个回答问题。 the first to do sth. 第一个做某事，固定搭配，动词不定式作后置定语。故填 to answer 。
Touch the screen to ________ ( 激活 ) the system. ( 根据汉语意思单词拼写 )
activate
【详解】
考查动词。句意：触摸屏幕激活系统。根据汉语提示可知， activate 激活，动词，符合题意；结合题干可知，空处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 activate 。
Franklin ________ ( 获得资格 ) as a doctor last year. ( 根据汉语意思单词拼写 )
qualified
【详解】
考查动词。句意：富兰克林去年取得了医生资格。根据汉语提示可知， qualify 获得资格，动词作谓语，符合题意；由时间状语 last year 可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填 qualified 。
Common ________ ( 症状 ) of diabetes ( 糖尿病 ) are weight loss and fatigue. ( 根据汉语意思单词拼写 )
symptoms
【详解】
考查名词。句意：糖尿病的常见症状是体重减轻和疲劳。根据汉语提示可知， symptom 症状，名词作主语，符合题意；由空后 are 可知，空处名词需用复数。故填 symptoms 。
The opening ________ ( 典礼 ) of the Tokyo Olympic Games is due to take place on 23rd July. ( 根据汉语意思单词拼写 )
ceremony
【详解】
考查名词。句意：东京奥运会的开幕式将于 7 月 23 日举行。根据汉语提示可知， ceremony 典礼，名词作主语，符合题意；由空后 is 可知，空处名词需用单数。故填 ceremony 。
My husband was ________ ( 不愿批评的 ) and accepted everything I said. ( 根据汉语意思单词拼写 )
uncritical
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：我丈夫不愿批评的，接受了我说的一切。根据汉语提示可知， uncritical 不愿批评的，形容词作表语，符合题意。故填 uncritical 。
The children were f________ by the toys in the big store.( 根据首字母单词拼写 )
fascinated/ascinated
【详解】
考查被动语态。句意：孩子们被大商店里的玩具迷住了。根据首字母提示和句意可知， fascinate 符合语境，表示 “ 使着迷 ” 。分析句子结构，本句主语是 the children ，谓语动词是 fascinate ，主谓之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即 be done 结构，空处动词应用过去分词，故填 fascinated 。
The digital camera will c________ the signal into digital code. ( 根据首字母单词拼写 )
convert/onvert
【详解】
考查动词。句意：数码相机将把信号转换成数字代码。根据单词首字母以及句意 “ 转换 ” ，可知应填动词 convert ，作谓语，结合上文 will 可知为一般将来时，空处应填动词原形。故填 convert 。
A r________ job involves taking chances of loss or injury. ( 根据首字母单词拼写 )
risky/isky
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：有风险的工作有可能会损失或受伤。根据空后 “taking chances of loss or injury.” 和首字母 r 提示可知，形容词 risky 有风险的，符合题意，作定语修饰名词 job 。故填 risky 。
Three travelers became t________ by the rising floodwater. ( 根据首字母单词拼写 )
trapped/rapped
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：三名旅客被不断上涨的洪水困住了。根据单词首字母以及句意 “ 困住 ” ，可知应填形容词 trapped ，作表语。故填 trapped 。
The books in the library are c________ according to subjects. ( 根据首字母单词拼写 )
classified/lassified
【详解】
考查动词。句意：图书馆的书是按科目分类的。根据单词首字母以及句意 “ 分类 ” ，可知应填动词 classify ，作谓语，结合上文 The books in the library are 可知为一般现在时的被动语态，空处需填过去分词形式。故填 classified 。
These days most doctors and scientists agree that our physical health is 1 ． related to our psychological well-being. But just what have the experts discovered about 2 ． makes us feel good?
As well as 3 ． important to your physical health, regular exercise is now believed to improve your psychological state by 4 ． endorphins or “happy chemicals” into the brain. Some researchers consider it can be just as 5 ． as psychotherapy in helping depression, and 6 ． a more positive outlook. Even a brisk ten-minute walk every day can help according to researchers. In one project, 7 ． urban youths who undertook 8 ． sports training for several months, not only became 9 ． in that sport, but also in other activities such as study, politics, and 10 ． work.
1 ． closely
2 ． what
3 ． being
4 ． releasing
5 ． valuable
6 ． engendering
7 ． unemployed
8 ． intensive
9 ． involved
10 ． voluntary
【分析】
本文是议论文。文章指出我们的身体健康与心理健康密切相关，因此建议人们有规律地锻炼，促进身体健康。
1 ．考查副词。句意：如今，大多数医生和科学家都认为，我们的身体健康与心理健康密切相关。根据前文 physical health 和后文 psychological well-being 可知，此处表示密切相关，表示 “ 紧密地 ” 应用副词 closely ，故填 closely 。
2 ．考查宾语从句。句意：但是专家们到底发现了什么能让我们感觉良好呢？ 本句是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示物，应用 what ，故填 what 。
3 ．考查动名词。句意：有规律的锻炼不仅对身体健康很重要，现在还被认为可以通过向大脑释放内啡肽或 “ 快乐化学物质 ” 来改善心理状态。空后有形容词 important ，空处应用 be ， as well as 的 as 是介词，此处 be 应用动名词形式，故填 being 。
4 ．考查动名词。考查动名词。句意：有规律的锻炼不仅对身体健康很重要，现在还被认为可以通过向大脑释放内啡肽或 “ 快乐化学物质 ” 来改善心理状态。根据后文的 endorphins or “happy chemicals” into the brain 可知，此处表示 “ 释放 ” ，应用动词 release ，空前 by 是介词，此处应用动名词形式，故填 releasing 。
5 ．考查形容词。句意：一些研究人员认为，在帮助抑郁和产生更积极的前景方面，它可以和心理治疗一样有价值。根据后文的 help 可知，此处表示 “ 有价值的 ” ，应用形容词 valuable ，故填 valuable 。
6 ．考查现在分词。句意：一些研究人员认为，在帮助抑郁和产生更积极的前景方面，它可以和心理治疗一样有价值。根据句意，此处表示 “ 产生 ” 更积极的前景，应用动词 engender ，且此处短语做伴随状语，应用现在分词形式，故填 engendering 。
7 ．考查形容词。句意：在一个项目中，失业的城市青年接受了几个月的高强度体育训练，他们不仅参加了这项运动，还参加了学习、政治、志愿工作等活动。根据句意，此处表示 “ 失业的 ” ，应用形容词 unemployed ，故填 unemployed 。
8 ．考查形容词。句意：在一个项目中，失业的城市青年接受了几个月的高强度体育训练，他们不仅参加了这项运动，还参加了学习、政治、志愿工作等活动。根据句意，此处表示高强度体育训练， intensive 表示 “ 集中的 ” ，符合句意，故填 intensive 。
9 ．考查形容词。句意：在一个项目中，失业的城市青年接受了几个月的高强度体育训练，他们不仅参加了这项运动，还参加了学习、政治、志愿工作等活动。此处表示参加这项运动， involved 表示 “ 有关的，卷入的 ” ，符合句意，故填 involved 。
10 ．考查形容词。句意：在一个项目中，失业的城市青年接受了几个月的高强度体育训练，他们不仅参加了这项运动，还参加了学习、政治、志愿工作等活动。根据句意，此处表示志愿者活动， voluntary 表示 “ 志愿的 ” ，符合句意，故填 voluntary 。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Queen of the UK or England?
The Queen of the United Kingdom can be called the British Queen, 1 ． (unofficial). People who call her the Queen of England will 2 ． (regard) to be uneducated, as there has not been an English Queen since 1707. The problem comes from the confusing names of the United Kingdom (UK), Great Britain, England, Scotland, Wales, 3 ． Northern Ireland.
The UK covers all of 4 ． last four countries. Therefore, any people from the four places can be referred to as from the UK. However, they’d probably prefer being referred to as from England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland, because the individual country's name 5 ． (stand) for different history and culture. If they have an obviously recognizable accent ( 口音 ), it would be much better 6 ． (describe) them with one of the four names. If they don't, stay safe and say the UK or British. Then they’ll probably tell you 7 ． they're from.
But never refer to someone who is from Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland as from England. Depending on which of the four countries they’re from, they will show their 8 ． (reaction) in different ways:
People who are English won't care much.
Welsh will care and think you're a little bit silly.
Scots will become 9 ． (annoy) and think you are stupid.
About 50% of people in Northern Ireland will become extremely 10 ． (madness).
1 ． unofficially
2 ． be regarded
3 ． and
4 ． the
5 ． stands
6 ． to describe
7 ． where
8 ． reactions
9 ． annoyed
10 ． mad
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章辨析了 the United Kingdom 和 England 这两个地理概念。
1 ．
考查副词。句意： The Queen of the United Kingdom 可以非正式地称为 the British Queen 。此处用副词 unofficially 作状语，修饰动词 be called 。故填 unofficially 。
2 ．
考查语态。句意：称它为 the British Queen 的人将被视为没有受过教育的人，因为自 1707 年以来就没有英国女王了。结合情态动词 will 可知，主语 People ( 定语从句 who call her the Queen of England 修饰 People) 和谓语动词 regard 是被动关系，谓语用一般将来时的被动语态（ will be done ），此处用 be done 形式。故填 be regarded 。
3 ．
考查连词。句意：问题来自于 UK 、大不列颠、英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰令人困惑的名字。该空前后是并列关系，用并列连词 and 。故填 and 。
4 ．
考查冠词。句意： UK 涵盖了最后四个国家。此处特指前面提及的 “England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland” ，用定冠词 the 表特指。故填 the 。
5 ．
考查时态。句意：然而，他们可能更喜欢被称为来自英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士或北爱尔兰，因为每个国家的名字代表不同的历史和文化。此处缺少谓语，讲的是客观的事实，时态用一般现在时，主语 the individual country's name 是单数，谓语也用单数形式。故填 stands 。
6 ．
考查动词不定式。句意：如果他们有明显的口音，最好用四个名字中的一个来描述他们。 It be adj. to do sth. ， It 是形式主语，动词不定式（ to do ）是真正主语，此处用动词不定式（ to do ）形式。故填 to describe 。
7 ．
考查宾语从句。句意：然后他们可能会告诉你他们从哪里来。动词 tell 后接宾语从句，该空在从句中作宾语，表示地点，用引导词 where 。故填 where 。
8 ．
考查名词的数。句意：根据他们来自四个国家中的哪一个，他们将以不同的方式展示他们的反应。 reaction 是可数名词，此处指 “ 不止一个反应 ” ，用名词复数形式。故填 reactions 。
9 ．
考查 -ed 形容词和 -ing 形容词。句意：苏格兰人会生气，认为你愚蠢。修饰人用 -ed 形容词，修饰物用 -ing 形容词，此处修饰人 Scots ，用 -ed 形容词 annoyed ( 恼怒的 ) 。故填 annoyed 。
10 ．
考查形容词。句意：北爱尔兰大约 50% 的人会变得极度疯狂。 become 是系动词，此处用形容词 mad 作表语。故填 mad 。