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2022-2023学年度高中英语必修(一册)第一单元练习题含解析
2022-2023学年度高中英语必修(一册)第一单元练习题含解析
高中
整体难度:中等
2022-11-30
题号
评分
一、其他填空 (共7题)
添加该题型下试题
1.

用所给词或短语的适当形式完成句子。

1 She feels a strong sense of _________ towards her employees.

2 Demand for water _________ by 70% over the last three decades.

3 The police said they were _________ about the missing boy’s safety.

4 To his disappointment, he failed _________ his parents’ expectations.

5 These policy changes could have _________ effects on the whole economy.

6 The annual football match had to be put off _________ the unexpected heavy rain.

7 Rita’s husband is away for the week, so I thought I’d go over and keep her _________

8 True happiness _________ the joy of achievement rather than the possession of money.

9 Perhaps she knows she is in the wrong and wants to _________ , or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behavior.

10 Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement, so my language skills improved _________ .

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【答案】

responsibility    2 has shot up    3 concerned    4 to live up to    5 beneficial    6 as a result of     7 company    8 lies in    9 apologize##apologise    10 over time

【解析】 1 .考查名词。句意:她对于她的员工有强烈的责任感。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填名词作介词 of 的宾语,结合句意可知,应填 responsible“ 负责任的 的名词形式 responsibility“ 责任 。故填 responsibility

2 .考查时态和短语。句意:在过去的三十年里水的需求量猛增了 70% 。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填谓语动词,结合句意可知,应用 shoot up“ 猛增 ;结合所给时间状语 “over the last three decades” 可知,应用现在完成时;且主语 “Demand for water” 为单数,应填 has shot up 。故填 has shot up

3 .考查形容词。句意:警察说他们很担心这个失踪小孩的安全。 be concerned about “ 关心,担心 符合句意,所以应填 concerned 。故填 concerned

4 .考查固定搭配。句意:让他失望的是,他辜负了父母的期望。 fail to do sth. 表示 未能做成某事 live up to sth. 表示 不辜负,遵守 ,结合句意可知,空格处应填 to live up to 。故填 to live up to

5 .考查形容词。句意:这些政策对整个国家产生有利的影响。 beneficial “ 有利的,有好处的 have beneficial effects on sth. 表示 产生有利的影响 符合句意,所以应填 beneficial 。故填 beneficial

6 .考查介词短语。句意:由于意外的大雨,一年一度的足球比赛不得不推迟。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填介词短语表示原因, as a result of“ 由于,因为 符合句意。故填 as a result of

7 .考查名词和固定搭配。句意:她老公这周不在家,所以我想过去陪她。 keep sb. company 表示 陪伴某人 符合句意,所以应填名词 company 。故填 company

8 .考查时态和短语。句意:真正的幸福在于成就的喜悦而不是拥有金钱。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填谓语动词,且结合句意可知,这是客观事实,所以应用一般现在时,且主语 “True happiness” 为第三人称单数,所以应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式, lie in 表示 在于 符合句意。所以应填 lies in 。故填 lies in

9 .考查动词。句意:可能她知道她错了并想要道歉,或者也许她对自己的行为有个简单的解释。 want to do sth. 表示 想要做某事 ;结合句意可知, apology 表示 道歉 的动词形式为 apologize/apologise 符合句意,所以空格处应填 apologize/apologise 。故填 apologize/apologise

10 .考查介词短语。句意:幸运地是,我的老师和同学们总是乐于助人并给了我很多的鼓励,所以我的语言技巧久而久之有了很大的提高。 over time 表示 随着时间的流逝,久而久之 符合句意,所以应填 over time 。故填 over time

2.

阅读句子,根据句意选择方框内合适的词组,用其恰当形式填空。

as well as tend to be responsible for from time to time deal with

11 I____________ set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.

12 It’s important to meet friends in person____________, not just on social media.

13 The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea and found ways to____________ the challenges.

14 They enjoy playing football in playground, ____________singing songs they’ve learnt.

15 Zhang Tian was the only English teacher. The other two local teachers ____________math and Chinese.

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【答案】

tend to    12 from time to time    13 deal with    14 as well as    15 were responsible for

【解析】 11 .考查固定短语。句意:我倾向于在每学期开始时为每门学科设定一个目标。根据后文 “set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term” 以及句意 倾向于 可知短语为 tend to ,结合后文 at the beginning of each term 可知为一般现在时,主语为 I ,谓语用原形。故填 tend to

12 .考查固定短语。句意:不只是在社交媒体上,时不时地和朋友见面是很重要的。根据上文 “It’s important to meet friends in person” 以及句意 时不时地 可知短语为 from time to time 。故填 from time to time

13 .考查固定短语。句意:离开的念头一度闪过他的脑海,但他很快就放弃了这个念头,并找到了应对挑战的方法。根据后文 “the challenges” 以及句意 应对 可知短语为 deal with ,此处为不定式作后置定语。故填 deal with

14 .考查固定短语。句意:他们喜欢在操场上踢足球,也喜欢唱他们学过的歌。根据后文 “singing songs they’ve learnt” 以及句意 可知短语为 as well as 。故填 as well as

15 .考查固定短语。句意:张天是唯一的英语老师。另外两位当地老师负责数学和语文。根据后文 “math and Chinese” 以及句意 负责 可知短语为 be responsible for ,结合上文 was 可知为一般过去时,主语为,谓语用复数。故填 were responsible for

3.

用以下词的正确形式填空

wrap highlight influential distraction sensitive

feedback ashamed swallow extinct occasional

16 She was deeply ________of her rude behaviour at the party.

17 To ________means to make food or drink go down your throat into your stomach.

18 Her skin is very ________ to the sun. So hats and sunscreen cream are very necessary.

19 Jack feels that the constant noise is getting to be a ________from what he is doing now.

20 When you _________ something, you fold paper or cloth tightly around it to cover it completely.

21 As the father of hybrid rice, Yuan Longping is one of the most________ scientists in agriculture.

22 If you say you __________meet your friend, you mean you sometimes meet each other, but not often.

23 When you are reading, it is important to ________the key points with a marker so that it will be helpful for you to review what you have learnt.

24 If you get ________on your work or progress, it means someone tells you how well or badly you are doing, and how you could improve.

25 If you say a species of animal or plant is _________, you mean it no longer has any living members, either in the world or in a particular place.

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【答案】

ashamed    17 swallow    18 sensitive    19 distraction    20 wrap    21 influential    22 occasionally    23 highlight    24 feedback    25 extinct

【解析】 16 .考查形容词。句意:她对自己在晚会上的粗鲁行为深感羞愧。形容词 ashamed“ 惭愧的,羞愧的 符合句意,在句中作表语。 be ashamed of“ …… 感到羞愧 。故填 ashamed

17 .考查动词。句意:吞咽意味着让食物或饮料顺着喉咙进入胃里。动词原形 swallow“ 吞咽 符合句意,和前文 To 构成不定式作主语。故填 swallow

18 .考查形容词。句意:她的皮肤对阳光很敏感。所以帽子和防晒霜是非常必要的。形容词 sensitive“ 敏感的 符合句意,在句中作表语。 be sensitive to“ …… 敏感 。故填 sensitive

19 .考查名词。句意:杰克觉得持续不断的噪音正在分散他正在做的事情的注意力。单数可数名词 distraction“ 分散注意力,使人分心的事 符合句意,在句中作表语。冠词 a 提示用其单数形式,故填 distraction

20 .考查动词。句意:当你包裹某物时,你用纸或布紧紧地包住它,把它完全盖住。动词原形 wrap“ 包裹 符合句意,在 When 引导的时间状语从句中作谓语,为一般现在时。故填 wrap

21 .考查形容词。句意:作为杂交水稻之父,袁隆平是农业领域最有影响力的科学家之一。形容词 influential“ 有很大影响的 符合句意,和 the most 构成最高级,修饰名词作定语。故填 influential

22 .考查副词。句意:如果你说你偶尔见你的朋友,你的意思是你们有时见面,但不经常。副词 occasionally“ 偶尔,偶然 符合句意,作状语,修饰动词 meet 。故填 occasionally

23 .考查动词。句意:当你在阅读时,用记号笔把重点画出来是很重要的,这样有助于你复习所学的内容。动词原形 highlight“ 突出,强调,将 ( 文本的某部分 ) 用彩笔做标记 符合句意,和 to 构成不定式作真正主语。故填 highlight

24 .考查名词。句意:如果你得到了关于工作或进展的反馈,这意味着有人告诉你你做得好或坏,以及你该如何改进。不可数名词 feedback“ 反馈,反应 符合句意,在 If 引导的状语从句中作宾语。故填 feedback

25 .考查形容词。句意:如果你说一种动物或植物灭绝了,你的意思是它在世界上或在某个地方不再有任何活着的成员。形容词 extinct“ 灭绝的 符合句意,在句中作表语。故填 extinct

4.

选词填空

A genuine B creative C proud D throughout E. forward

F. assignment G. teenager H. pressureI. reflect J. aim K. related

Dear students,Good moming, everyone. I’m your headmaster, Mr.Lee. Welcome to ABC High School. Is your first day as senior high school students, so there are a few things I want you to know.

First I want to say—Congratulations! I know you must have been under great ____26____ to prepare for the Senior High School Entrance Examination in order to make sure you get a place in our school. You must have been looking ____27____ to studying here. It turns out that you have made it and I feel really ____28____ of you.

Next, I want you to know that those who ____29____ high are more likely to succeed. So every one of you will be given a writing ____30____ to write something in a way ____31____ to your dream. Don’t be afraid to write down what you want to do. You are expected to be as much ____32____ as you can.

Then, the new school is a new society where you will find ____33____ friends and qualified staff. You are advised to make more attempts to figure out what difference you can make to this society. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because after you ____34____ on your failures, a lot of lessons will be learned. And these lessons will also be beneficial to you _____35_____ your adult life

Finally, I hope that every one of you will be able to enjoy your three years in ABC High School!

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

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【答案】

H    27 E    28 C    29 J    30 F    31 K    32 B    33 A    34 I    35 D

【导语】这是一篇发言稿。校长在新生入学仪式上发言,与新生分享了几点他希望学生知道的事情,并给予美好的祝愿。

26 .考查名词。句意:我知道为了确保在我们学校有一席之地,在准备高中入学考试时你一定承受着巨大的压力来。分析句子可知,空格处为介词 under 的宾语,填写名词 pressure“ 压力 ,可构成 under great pressure 的结构,表示 承受巨大压力 ,符合句意。故选 H 项。

27 .考查副词。句意:你一定很期待来这里学习。分析句子可知,空格处为填写副词 forward“ 向前 ,可构成 look forward to 的结构,表示 期待 ,符合句意。故选 E 项。

28 .考查形容词。句意:结果你做到了,我真为你们感到骄傲。分析句子可知,空格处为感官系动词 feel“ 感到 的表语,填写形容词 proud“ 自豪的 ,表示 感到自豪 ,符合句意。故选 C 项。

29 .考查动词。句意:接下来,我想你们知道,目标高的人更可能取得成功。分析句子可知,空格处为定语从句的谓语动词,填写动词 aim“ 力求达到、定目标 ,与后面的副词 high 可构成 aim high 的结构,表示 目标高远 ,符合句意。故选 J 项。

30 .考查名词。句意:所以,你们每个人都会被分配一个写作任务,以与梦想相关的方式写作。分析句子可知,空格处为动词 be given “ 被给 的宾语,填写名词 assignment“ 任务 ,即后文详细说的写作任务 to write something ,表示 写一些东西 ,符合句意。故选 F 项。

31 .考查形容词。句意:所以,你们每个人都会被分配一个写作任务,以与梦想相关的方式写作。分析句子可知,空格处为名词 way“ 方式 的后置定语,填写形容词 related“ 有关的,相关的 ,符合句意。故选 K 项。

32 .考查形容词。句意:你应该尽可能地富有创造力。分析句子可知,空格处为不定式 to be 的表语,填写形容词 creative“ 有创造力的 ,符合句意,且与上文 “Don’t be afraid to write down what you want to do. (不要害怕写下你想做的事。) 语意连贯。故选 B 项。

33 .考查形容词。句意:然后,新学校是一个新社会,在这里你将找到真诚的朋友和合格的教职员工。分析句子可知,空格处为名词 friends 的定语,填写形容词 genuine“ 真诚的 ,指明朋友的特征,符合句意。故选 A 项。

34 .考查动词。句意:不要害怕犯错,因为在你反思了你的失败之后,你将学到很多教训。分析句子可知,空格处为 after 引导的时间状语从句的谓语,填写动词 reflect“ 反思 ,可构成 reflect on 的结构,表示 反思某事 ,符合句意。故选 I 项。

35 .考查介词。句意:而这些学到的教训将在你整个成年时期对你有益。分析句子可知,空格处需要填写介词 throughout“ 贯穿始终 ,即从失败中学到的东西终身有益,符合句意。故选 D 项。

5.

A smarts B strategies C signal D guideline E. normal F. automatic

G. challenged H. deceives I. target J. suspended K. disturbance

Spiders are Smarter than We Think People tend to associate intelligence with brain size. As a general ___36___ , this makes sense: the more brain cells, the more mental capabilities. Humans, and many of the other animals we have come to think of as intelligent, such as chimpanzees and dolphins, all have large brains. And it’s long been assumed that the smallest brains simply don’t have the capacity to support complex mental processes. But what if we are wrong and they actually do?

“Spiders are one case where this general idea is ___37___ ”, said Dimitar Dimitrove of the University Museum of Bergen in Norway, “Behaviors that can be described as ‘cognitive’, as opposed to ___38___ responses, are fairly common among spiders.” Jumping spiders are the undisputed champions of cognition among spiders. The jumping spiders shown to have the most impressive ___39___ belong to the genus( )Portia, found in Africa, Asia and Australia. These spiders prefer to hunt other spiders and have ___40___ tailored to each species they prey on.

When hunting another group of jumping spiders called Euryattus, Portia employs a clever trick. Euryattus females build nests in curled-up dead leaves ___41___ in air by silk attached to rocks or vegetation. Courting males crawl down the silk ropes, stand on top of the nest, and shake it in a specific way. The ___42___ draws the female out of the nest.

To pursue a spider that also eats Jumping spiders, Portia ___43___ it into moving closer by plucking (拔) some of the silk strands of its web. If the ___44___ spider is relatively small, Portia plucks the web to imitate a trapped insect, prompting the spider to rush over, thinking it is about to have a meal—only to become one itself. But if the spider is bigger and potentially more dangerous, Portia may copy a gentle ____45____ similar to a fruit fly contacting a single strand at the edge of the web that the spider will slowly wander over to inspect. As soon as the target is close enough, Portia pounces and strikes with its poisonous long sharp teeth.

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【答案】

D    37 G    38 F    39 A    40 B    41 J    42 C    43 H    44 I    45 K

【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们习惯于将智力与大脑的大小联系起来,但是蜘蛛却颠覆了固有的认知,它们有微小头脑却有浩瀚心智,文章还介绍了有着认知领域公认的冠军称号的跳蛛是如何捕猎的。

36 .考查名词。句意:作为一般准则,这是有道理的:脑细胞越多,心智能力越强。句子结构分析可知设空处作宾语,根据上文的 “People tend to associate intelligence with brain size. ” 以及下文的 “And it’s long been assumed that the smallest brains simply don’t have the capacity to support complex mental processes. ” 可知脑子大小是人们长期以来判断心智能力的准则,所以名词 “guideline 意为 指导原则,参考 符合句意。故选 D

37 .考查动词及语态。句意: 蜘蛛是这种普遍想法受到挑战的一个案例, 挪威 Bergen 大学博物馆的 Dimitar Dimitrove 说, 可以描述为 认知 的行为,而不是无意识的反应,在蜘蛛中可能相当普遍。 根据第一段最后一句 “And it’s long been assumed that the smallest brains simply don’t have the capacity to support complex mental processes. But what if we are wrong and they actually do?” 以及下文的 “Jumping spiders are the undisputed champions of cognition among spiders.” 可知跳蛛是蜘蛛中无可争议的认知冠军,挑战了一直以来的普遍观点:最小的大脑根本没有能力支持复杂的心理过程,所以 challenge“ 挑战 为动词,符合题意, this general idea challenge 之间是被动关系,所以此句用被动语态,设空处填过去分词 challenged 。故选 G

38 .考查形容词。句意: 蜘蛛是这种普遍想法受到挑战的一个案例, 挪威 Bergen 大学博物馆的 Dimitar Dimitrove 说, 可以描述为 认知 的行为,而不是无意识的反应,在蜘蛛中可能相当普遍。 句子分析可知,设空处作定语修饰名词 “responses” ,根据下文 “These spiders prefer to hunt other spiders and have __5_ tailored to each species they prey on.” 以及下文的详细阐述可知蜘蛛的行为不是自动反应, automatic“ 无意识的,自动的 为形容词,符合句意。故选 F

39 .考查名词。句意:被证明具有最令人印象深刻的智慧的跳蛛属于孔蛛( Portia )属,分布在非洲、亚洲和澳大利亚。句子分析可知设空处在句中作宾语,由上文 “Jumping spiders are the undisputed champions of cognition among spiders. ” 可知跳蛛极具智慧, smarts 意为 智慧,聪明才智 为不可数名词,符合句意。故选 A

40 .考查名词复数。句意:这些蜘蛛更喜欢捕食其他蜘蛛,并有针对它们捕食的每个物种量身定制的策略。句子结构分析可知设空处作宾语,由下文 “When hunting another group of jumping spiders called Euryattus, Portia employs a clever trick. ” 以及跳珠捕猎的详细阐述可知跳珠有针对猎物量身定做的计策,所以 strategy“ 策略,计策,行动计划 为名词,符合句意,作此意时 strategy 为可数名词,句中为复数概念,所以填 strategies 。故选 B

41 .考查非谓语动词。句意:雌性 Euryattus 蜘蛛会在蜷曲的枯叶中筑巢,然后用蛛丝将枯叶悬吊在岩石或植物下面。句子分析可知,设空处在句中作后置定语修饰 “ curled-up dead leaves” ,根据下文 “in air by silk attached to rocks or vegetation” 及句意可知动词 suspend“ 悬,吊,挂 符合题意, dead leaves suspend 之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词 suspended 。故选 J

42 .考查名词。句意:这个信号吸引雌性离开巢穴。句子分析可知,设空处在句中作主语,根据上文 “Courting males crawl down the silk ropes, stand on top of the nest, and shake it in a specific way. ” 以及句中的 “draws the female out of the nest.” 可知这是雄性 Euryattus 蜘蛛求爱的信号,名词 signal“ 信号 符合句意。故选 C

43 .考查动词。句意:为了捕猎那些同样以跳蛛为食的蜘蛛, Portia 蛛通过拔掉蜘蛛网的一些丝线来欺骗蜘蛛靠近。句子分析可知设空处在句中作谓语动词,根据下文的 “Portia plucks the web to imitate a trapped insect” 以及 “Portia may copy a gentle __10___ similar to a fruit fly contacting a single strand …” 可知 Portia 蛛通过模仿来欺骗猎物,所以动词 deceive“ 欺骗 符合句意, Portia 作主语,谓语动词用单数,所以填 deceives 。故选 H

44 .考查名词。句意:如果目标蜘蛛比较小, Portia 蛛就会模仿受困的昆虫触动蛛网,赶来的蜘蛛自以为可以饱餐一顿,结果自己却做了其他蜘蛛的大餐。句子分析可知设空处作定语修饰名词 spider ,由句意可知此处指的是 Portia 蛛想要猎取的目标, target“ (攻击的)目标,对象 为名词,符合句意。故选 I

45 .考查名词。句意:但如果目标蜘蛛很大并且可能更加危险, Portia 蛛就可能会模仿果蝇,只触动蛛网边缘的单根蛛丝,这样织网蛛就会缓慢靠近查看。句子分析可知设空处作宾语,根据句中 “contacting a single strand at the edge of the web that the spider will slowly wander over to inspect.” 可知 Portia 蛛通过触动蛛网,让对方出来查看,然后捕食,所以名词 disturbance“ 打扰,干扰 符合句意。故选 K

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试题总数:
35
总体难度:
中等
难度统计
难度系数
数量
占比
中等
15
42.85%
容易
15
42.85%
偏难
1
2.85%
基础
4
11.42%
题型统计
大题类型
数量
占比
其他填空
7
20.0%
选择题
15
42.85%
完型填空
5
14.28%
单词拼写
2
5.71%
完成句子
5
14.28%
作文
1
2.85%
知识点统计
知识点
数量
占比
一般现在时及其被动式
2
5.71%
其他
3
8.57%
名词
7
20.0%
学校生活
3
8.57%
形容词
2
5.71%
非谓语动词
1
2.85%
语法填空
4
11.42%
过去进行时及其被动式
1
2.85%
语法
1
2.85%
单词拼写
1
2.85%
过去将来时及其被动式
2
5.71%
日常活动
1
2.85%
日常生活类
1
2.85%
一般过去时及其被动式
1
2.85%
副词
1
2.85%
介词
1
2.85%
固定句型
1
2.85%
倒装与省略
1
2.85%
状语从句
1
2.85%
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