阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

    I started thinking about this issue at my brother-in-law's 60th birthday party last Saturday. Before we ate the main meal we sat around a table that was loaded with large bowls of snack items - chocolate-covered peanuts, cherries(樱桃), and a few other things. The eater had to reach into the bowl and grab a handful of snacks and then convey them to the mouth with the other hand. A lot of people were strangers to me and I observed a cat being carried around, a dog being petted, and a number of noses being blown, between eating handfuls of snacks. Ugh!

    I started thinking about Chinese table manners. My wife and I will share things from the same plate or cup but we always put serving spoons out with the dishes on the table. We don't frequently use them, though. In my family we use our personal chopsticks to take food from the serving dishes. But we are careful and only touch the food we will eat ourselves.

    I have heard of some people who use two sets of chopsticks, one for eating, and one for serving. I have also seen some people who invert their chopsticks, that is, to serve other people with the other ends that haven't touched their lips.  

【写作内容】

概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词数大约为30；

然后以大约120词，就“Table Manners and Hygiene(卫生)”的主题发表你的看法，并包括以下的内容要点：

a) 以自己或周围的人为例，简述自己或周围人的就餐习惯；.

b) 你如何看待自己或周围人的有关就餐习惯；

c) 出于卫生考虑，你觉得是否有必要使用公筷(serving chopsticks)，请说明理由。

【写作要求】

可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要

抄袭阅读材料中的句子；

【评分标准】

       概括的准确性，语言的规范性，内容的合适性以及篇章的连贯性。

   2008年元月18日下午3点你校在学校礼堂举行了成人宣誓仪式。请以日记的方式记录仪式过程并谈谈自己的感想.       

参考词汇:  成人仪式a grown-up ceremony  宣誓 make an oath
【写作内容】

1. 举行仪式的时间、地点；

2. 表格中的内容;

3. 你自己的感想。

【写作要求】

1. 必须扣紧题目的要求，用5个规范的英语句子组织成连贯的文章

2. 组织成连贯的短文，开头已经写好，不计入总句子数

【评分标准】

1.句子结构的准确性和复杂度

2. 短文内容的完整性和连贯性

        January 18^th  Friday                                     Fine

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阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。首先，请阅读以下有关音乐会的信息。

A. Raymond’s Solo Concert: Raymond, the talented singer who shifts freely between musical, folk songs and hip hop, is to give a solo concert this weekend. The event will be part of the Asian tour promoting his new album. His concert has very high ticket prices, but his fans have bought tickets worth one million yuan in just four days.

Place: Grand Theatre

Time: 8:30 – 10:30 pm, January 6

Price: 380 – 2,000 yuan

Tel: 7322-3411

B. Prince of the Piano: Clayderman has established a truly international career as a best selling recording artist and concert performer. He has recorded over 1,000 melodies and created a "New Romantic" style through a repertoire which combines his 'trademark' originals with classics and pop standards. In fact, despite his natural shyness and reserve, he is completely in his element on stage; a Richard Clayderman concert is a real 'Spectacular'.

Place: The Great Hall of the People

Time: 8:00 – 10:00 pm, January 7

Price: 180 – 1680 yuan

Tel: 7310-5266

C. Live Music: Audiences in the city will be able to make a date with one of the most famous German Orchestras on the evening of Jan. 27 at Century Center. Conducted by Florian Stubenvoll, the orchestra will perform 11 classics including Beethoven's "Fledermaus Ouverture," Mozart's "Symphony No. 40," and four pieces by Johann Strauss.

Place: Century Theatre

Time: 8:00 – 10:30 pm, January 10

Price: 120 – 680 yuan

Tel: 7988-7311

D. Jazz Night: Enjoy real American jazz from Herbie Brown, the famous trumpet player. He’s coming with his new 7–piece band, Herbie’s Heroes. Herbie is known to play well into the early hours, so don’t expect to get much sleep. This is Herbie’s third visit to China. The first two have been sold out, so get your tickets quickly.

Place: The Jazz Club

Time: 10:00 pm till late! January 7, 9, 11

Price: 100 – 200 yuan,

Tel: 7599-7862

E. Scottish Dancing: Want to get your body some exercise while enjoying live music? Take your partner here and get ready to dance till you drop. Scottish dancing is fun and easy to learn. There will be instructors demonstrating the dances. The live band is also excellent.

Place: Jack Stein’s

Time: 7:30 – 10:00 pm, January 5 – 7

Price: 70 yuan including one drink

Tel: 7832-1788

F. Beijing Rocks: “The Night of Chinese Rock” is set to bring rock fans special performance. Eight Chinese rock bands will perform at the concert, including older generation bands, middle generation and some recent arrivals. The audience can even decide what songs they want to hear, which is sure to bring a storm.

Time: January 8, 9

Place: Worker’s Stadium

Time: 8:00 – 11:30 pm, January 4

Tel: 7633-0640

Price: 90 – 680 yuan

请阅读以下观众的信息，然后匹配与其适合的音乐会。

1. Mike and his girlfriend are both university students. The coming Sunday (January 6) is his girlfriend’s birthday. As both of them are music fans, Mike would like to take his girlfriend to enjoy some live music and learn something new.

2. Joey and his friends always enjoy their weekend by attending late night activities. However, he hasn’t joined them for a long time because he has been working for a couple of weeks. This weekend he wants to have some fun and excitement with his friends, who are interested in western music.

3. Alice is a college student who studies music, and playing the piano is her favorite. Her parents approve of her attending concerts and pay for the tickets. As a result, she doesn’t care much about how much the ticket might cost.

4. Tracy is interested in a variety of music. Like most of the other university students, she has a part-time job. She would like to amuse herself by attending concerts. Since she does not earn much, she can only afford a ticket that costs no more than 100 yuan.

5. Sally enjoys listening to foreign music in her spare time. She would like to attend concerts performed by foreign bands or orchestras whenever it’s possible. But according to the school rules, she has to return to her dormitory before 11:00 pm.

Kincaid looked at his watch: eight-seventeen. The truck started on the second try, and he backed out, shifted gears, and moved slowly down the alley under hazy sun. Through the streets of Bellingham he went, heading south on Washington 11, running along the coast of Puget Sound for a few miles, then following the highway as it swung east a little before meeting U.S Route 20.

Turning into the sun, he began the long, winding drive through the Cascades. He liked this country and felt unpressed stopping now and then to make notes about interesting possibilities for future expeditions or to shoot what he called “memory snapshots.” The purpose of these causal photographs was to remind him of places he might want to visit again and approach more seriously. In later afternoon he turned north at Spokane, picking up U.S Route 2, which would take him halfway across the northern United States to Duluth, Minnesota.

He wished for the thousandth time in his life that he had a dog, a golden retriever, maybe, for travels like this and to keep him company at home. But he was frequently away; overseas much of the time and it would not be fair to the animal. Still, he thought about it anyway. In a few years he would be getting too old for the hard fieldwork. “I must get a dog then.” He said to himself.

Drives like this always put him into a sentimental mood. The dog was part of it. Robert Kincaid was alone as it’s possible to be – an only child, parents both dead, distant relatives who had lost track of him and he of them, no close friends.

He thought about Marian. She had left him nine years ago after five years of marriage. He was fifty–two now, that would make her just under forty. Marian had dreams of becoming a musician, a folksinger. She knew all of the Weavers’ songs and sang them pretty well in the coffeehouse of Seattle. When he was home in the old days, he drove her to the shows and sat in the audience while she sang.

His long absences – two or three months sometimes – were hard on the marriage. He knew that. She was aware of what he did when they decided to get married, and both of them had a vague (not clear) sense that it could all be handled somehow. It couldn’t when he came from photographing a story in Iceland and, she was gone. The note read, “Robert, it didn’t work out, I left you the Harmony guitar. Stay in touch.”

He didn’t stay in touch. Neither did she. He signed the divorce papers when they arrived a year later and caught a plane for Australia the next day. She had asked for nothing except her freedom.

1. Which route is the right one taken by Kincaid?

A. Bellingham – Washington 11 – Puget Sound – U.S Route 20 – U.S Route 2 – Duluth

B. U.S. Route 2 – Bellingham – Washington 11 – Puget Sound – U.S Route 20 – Duluth

C. U.S. Route 2 – U.S Route 20 – Duluth – Bellingham – Washington 11

D. Bellingham – Washington 11 –U.S. Route 2 –U.S Route 20 –Duluth

2. Which statement is true according to the passage?

A. Kincaid’s parents were dead and he only kept in touch with some distant relatives.

B. Kincaid would have had a dog if he hadn’t been away from home too much.

C. Kincaid used to have a golden retriever.

D. Kincaid needed a dog in doing his hard fieldwork.

3. Why did Kincaid stop to take photos while driving?

A. To write “memory snapshots”.

B. To remind himself of places he might want to visit again.

C. To avoid forgetting the way back.

D. To shoot beautiful scenery along the road.

4. What can you know about Marian?

A. She died after five years of marriage.

B. She was older than Kincaid.

C. She could sing very well and earned big money.

D. She was not a professional pop singer.

5. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that _____

A. Marian knew what would happen before she married Kincaid.

B. Kincaid thought his absence would be a problem when he married Marian.

C. It turned out that Marian could not stand Kincaid’s absence and left him.

D. After Marian left him, they still kept in touch with each other.

Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.

    This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.

    This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.

    Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧） levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.

    “We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.

1. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may __________.

A. result in a warming climate          

B. cause the forest fires to occur more frequently

C. lead to a longer fire season            

D. protect the forests and the environment there

2. The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT __________.

A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere

B. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase

C. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space

D. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun

3. Earlier studies about northern forest fires __________.

A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate

B. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere

C. suggest that people should take measures to protect environment

D. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming

4. The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means __________.

A. released         B. absorbed       C. created      D. distributed

5. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may __________.

A. warm the climate as the supposition goes

B. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate

C. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice

D. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy