Napoleon, as a character inTolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having“fat little hands.” Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.” He is said to be“undersized, “ with “short legs” and a“round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description—it seems not that far off from historical accounts—but his choice of facts:　other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.

It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry:　doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war! “ he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon“walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.”

Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s. . . face, “ Tolstoy writes, and“taking him by the ear pulled it gently. . .” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?” said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.

Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own. 　

1. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is　　　.　

A. far from the historical facts       B. based on the Russian history

C. based on his selection of facts     D. not related to historical details

2. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because　　　.　

A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms

B. the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to accept

C. the Russians stopped his military movement

D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with

3. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?

A. To walk out of the room in anger.    B. To show agreement with him.

C. To say something about the Tsar.    D. To express his admiration.

4. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is　　　.　

A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests

B. fond of showing off his iron will

C. determined in destroying all of Europe

D. crazy for power and respect

5. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.

B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.

C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.

D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.

Sports is not only physically challenging, but it can also mentally challenging．Criticism（批评）from coaches（trainers）, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes．Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has showed that it can lead to burnout．Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable．

The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself．The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place．Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives．Coaches and parents should be aware（realize）, at all times, that their feedback（反馈）to youngsters can greatly affect their children．Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷） in themselves．

Coaches and parents should also be cautious（careful） that youth sport participation does not become work for children．The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons．In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport．Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on（pay more attention to） the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances．Positive reinforcement should be provided in spite of the outcome．Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism．Again, criticism can create high levels of stress（pressure）, which can lead to burnout．

1．According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that __________．

       A．it can help them learn more about society

       B．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

       C．it enables them to find flaws in themselves

       D．it can provide them with valuable experiences

2．According to the passage parents and coaches should __________．

       A．help children to win every game

       B．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports

       C．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports

       D．train children to deal with stress

3．The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ___________．

       A．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

       B．to emphasize the importance of positive reinforcement to children

       C．to discuss the skill of combing criticism with encouragement

       D．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

When a couple decides to marry, they naturally inform both sets of parents and stepparents before having a party planned or telling all their friends．The days are long gone of the man going trembling to the girl’s father and saying, “ Sir, may I have the honor of having the hand of your daughter in marriage?” However, a wise couple always discuss their plans for marriage with their respective families, and a young man often suggests a “financial talk” with his future father-in-law before the latter is faced with the embarrassment of asking for one．Even if a young woman has supported herself and lives away from home, her parents have the right to know how her fiancé proposes to handle the long-range financing of their family and home．The fiancé should state his income, his savings, and his failure expectations, without overstating any of them．

Engagement parties are given by the parents of the bride-to-be or by a relative of the bride acting for her parents, usually just before the newspaper announcement of the engagement．If the bride-to-be and her fiancé live in a city other than her parents, it is better for her parents to go to the city than her to go home to them for the engagement party．She and her fiancé will, after all, be partied in her parents’ hometown during the wedding festivities．However, if the family home is not far away, it is proper for the engaged couple to travel there for the announcement party．The young man’s family should be invited, too．If the bride’s parents are no longer living, then a relative or a close friend can give the party．It is usually a simple cocktail’s party, champagne served for toasts to the engaged couple．

If the party is very large, the engaged couple and the girl’s parents might form a receiving line---- but they do not have to．The bride-to-be usually wears her engagement ring officially for the first time on this occasion．If she has a gift for the groom-to-be, she gives it to him right before or after the engagement party．

For Americans, the traditional engagement ring is a diamond solitaire （单粒宝石）．However, today anything goes---- a ring with many colored stones, a ring with a large semiprecious stone, an heirloom （传家宝） ring reset in a modern design, or even a stone in the bride’s family, simply reset in a Tiffany setting．The wedding ring will be of the same metal as the engagement ring．Some girls prefer no engagement ring but choose a wedding band that is decorated with stones instead．No one has to have an engagement ring．A girl may want her fiancé to give her a pearl necklace instead, or a jeweled watch．Jeweled rings can be given as gifts on many occasions during the married lives---- such as wedding anniversaries, the birth of a child, or an important job promotion．

4．According to the first paragraph, young men ________．

       A．must tell all their friends before planning a party

       B．used to feel afraid of going to meet their girl friends’ parents

       C．must promise that their family could support them

       D．must guarantee they live away from home already

5．The underlined word “one” in the first paragraph most probably means ________．

       A．a marriage                                                B．a plan             

       C． a financial talk                                          D．an embarrassment

6．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

       A．The bride-to-be and her fiancé will have to wait in line with both of their parents．

       B．If the girl’s parents are dead, a relative or a close friend gives a party on their behalf．

       C．The engagement party is usually given before the newspaper announcement．

D．It’s no longer necessary to give a diamond solitaire as the engagement ring．

7．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________．

A．a young man can give his wife a jeweled watch on the birthday of their child

B．the heirloom must be reset in a modern design

C．the engagement ring and the wedding ring are different

D．some girls don’t mind what they are given for the engagement

I used to walk my dog every morning. Later when we got back home, I would give it some food. This usually caught the   31   of a mynah bird. The most   32   feature of this bird was its brightly-coloured   33   mouth, so I found it a bit strange.

Later I read a book and found that the colour yellow   34  “communication, optimism and inspiration”. I took the “c” from   35  , “o” from optimism, and “in” from inspiration to form the word “Coin”. This became the bird’s   36   .

Every time when my dog finished his   37  , Coin would look at me and sing , “Raack! Raack!” After singing, she would start picking up the food left by the dog.

When winter came, Coin   38   . It was the longest winter that we had ever had. When spring   39   came, it was the time for the birds to fly back and I often   40   what had happened to Coin.

One day after I had given my   41   its food , a mynah bird flew down. It was then that I heard the   42    “Raack! Raack!” Coin was back! Sometimes, I wondered how Coin knew to come back to the same   43   she had left.

Each morning Coin would come with her sweet   44   . Both I and my dog accepted her as a member of our family. Now, I understand that if we have optimism and inspiration in our life, and if we communicate often with others, we are sure to be   45   by everyone.