If you’re making the film with other people, organize your cast and crew effectively. Make sure everybody knows their roles and what day and times they’re needed.

Give people specific jobs so they can become experts in their field. For example, a sound recordist listens to the sound through headphones as it’s being recorded, and holds an extra microphone if needed.

    A camera operator frames the picture(取景), sets focus, checks the light and records the action. The editor “cuts” the picture together after it’s shot.

    A producer is the contact point for the film. He or she makes sure crew and cast are there on time, talks to the press and organizes the budget.

    A director has to make sure their vision is communicated. To do this everyone needs to be clear about what the director expects from each scene and each shot.

    You may also need a make-up-artist, a choreographer, a driver, etc. However, you can quite easily make your first film on your own. Make a schedule that says which shots are to be taken where and when (this is called a shooting schedule) and when you’ve completed a take, cross it off the list. Remember that you may want to shoot “out of sequence”, e.g. shoot the last scene first, and the first last. Similarly if the film begins and ends by a tree in the park, it may make sense to film both scenes while you’re there.

    If you’re making animation (动画片), have a space that you can control. You may need extra lights and you may need to leave work in progress. Make sure people living with you are aware what’s happening. Animation needs a lot of undisturbed concentration and patience. Keep at it and it’ll pay off. Aardman and Disney both started off at home experimenting with clay , pens and a camera.

21. From the first two paragraphs we can learn that___________.

   A. every crew member is an expert in his field.

   B. careful preparations and arrangements are quite necessary.

   C. both the cast and crew must arrive at the same time every day.

   D. every person should have his equipment while working together.

22. A director knows the purpose of each step of the work, but___________ .

   A. he needn’t tell others about that

   B. other members just follow his orders

   C. he must have it known and well understood by others

   D. others may have their own ideas and special ways of working

23. To shoot a film, a shooting schedule must be fixed first ______________.

   A. but it may be crossed off if unnecessary 

   B. but you needn’t work exactly on it

   C. and each step must be carried out according to it. 

   D. and no one can change it once it is settled

It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.

A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, “Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.” The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.

Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制)  relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out  the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.

The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. 

 For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.

24. The passage is mainly for those_________

A. who produce wine    

B. who have a drinking habit

C. who go on a diet         

D. who are eager to lose weight

25. The underlined phrase“ in moderation” in the first paragraph means_________． 

A. excitedly             B. carefully               C.  frequently      D. properly 

26. What can we learn from the passage

A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight. 

B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat. 

C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. 

D .The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear. 

27. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A. How to do some easy experiments. 

B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine. 

C. How to prove the finding mentioned above. 

D. How to make wine in a healthy way. 

  You may have heard of the book Moby Dick(《白鲸记》), written by the American author Herman Melville. You may also know that Moby Dick is considered one of the greatest novels ever written. However, it might surprise you to find out Herman Melville was not always a highly regarded author.

Melville’s first two novels, Typee and Omoo, were widely read and financially successfully. They were both exciting tales of adventures at sea and experiences with people in foreign lands. Melville became quite famous. However, upon the publication of his third book, Mardi, Melville’s popularity began to weaken. He was no longer interested in telling tales of pure adventure, and his writing took on a style that alienated(使疏远) the general reading public of his time.

Melville published Moby Dick in October of 1851. it was an original novel, combining aspects of sociology and philosophy, which confused readers by its complex symbolism. The book sold poorly.

Melville’s next book, Pierre, was almost completely disregarded by the public. Debt frustration and ill health finally forced Melville to take a low-paying job as a customs inspector. Eventually, Melville abandoned prose(散文) and began to write poetry.

The Civil War is the main subject of Melville’s poetry. He and his brother made a trip to the front line, and he published a book of poems, Battle-Pieces and Aspects of War, based on this experience. 

Melville died in 1891 at the age of 72. at this point, his work had been completely forgotten by the public. His talent was to go unrecognized for the next thirty years. Then, in 1920s, his reputation began to improve as critics and readers rediscovered his work. Today Moby Dick is one of the best-known novels ever penned by an American author.

28. What were Melville’s first two novels mainly about?

A. His travel experience.

B. His successful communication skills.

C. Adventurous experiences in the front line.

D. Adventurous voyages and foreign experiences.

29. We can learn from the text that Moby Dick________.

A. sold a little better than Pierre.

B. was Melville’s favorite novel.

C. was copied from other books.

D. made Melville popular again.

30. The text may be taken from___________.

A. a writing guide

B. a literary journal.

C. a science magazine.

D. a critical book on literature.

31. What is the text mainly about?

A. The main works of Melville.

B. The skills in Melville’s writing.

C. The ups and downs of Melville.

D. The reason for Melville’s failure.

  Planning to go to a gym? If you are one of those who spent many days planning to join a gym or to attend it regularly, then why not choose some home exercise? Here are some home exercises without equipment.

  Jumping jacks

This one is the best home workout without weights which is a great exercise that will work your hands and legs. Perform this exercise by standing with your feet placed together and arms at your sides. Now tuck in your abs(收腹) and jump by bending in your knees. At the same time, move your feet apart as much as you can and raise your hands to bring in line with your shoulder. While you come back you must be in a starting position, feet together, hands at sides and knees bent. You must land on your heels and again jump.

Jogging

Jogging is one of the best home exercises without weights. You don’t need to have a lawn or jogging track at home to perform this exercise. There are many benefits of jogging. It will work your entire legs. Moreover, it is a classic cardiovascular(心血管) workout. Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet. Also, you can gradually increase the jogging time and speed.

Rotating(旋转) exercise

Start by rotating your wrists, clockwise(顺时针地) and anticlockwise. Now, alternately rotate your feet in the same fashion. Now place both your hands on the shoulder and start rotating your shoulder clockwise and anticlockwise. Place an exercise mat and lie flat on your back. Now lift your left leg and rotate it clockwise; do not bend you knees. Now rest the left leg, lift your right leg and rotate it anticlockwise. 

It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise which will help you stick to the exercise routine and excitement. Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes to perform the workout with ease. Also, putting on your favorite music will make your exercise session more lively. If you get bored with exercises, just dance, after all it’s also one of the best home exercises.

32. To carry out jumping jacks effectively, you________.

A. need to keep your two feet apart at first.

B. must stand straight first and bend your abs.

C. must use your arms to support your body.

D. need to use your heels to touch the ground.

33. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A. You may exercise your body entirely by jogging at home.

B. It may do harm to your feet to jog at home without shoes.

C. You’d better choose a space as the jogging track at home.

D. You must stick to a fixed time and speed while jogging.

34. What is the right order of your body parts during rotation exercise?

A. hands—legs---back----legs.

B. wrists—hands---feet---shoulders

C. wrists---feet---shoulders---legs

D. hands---shoulders---knees---legs

35. To carry out home exercises continuously, you need________.

A. a good atmosphere.      B. a good coach.

C. a dance teacher         D. a good timer.

How Not to Be Awkward

Not all of us are outgoing and ready to take the world by storm.  36   This usually happens when a person is still in his or her teen years and going through the socialization process. So, what can a person do to overcome this tendency to be awkward Let’s try to find answers to the questions.

Stay in shape and dress up well

Sometimes, awkwardness could be due to being overweight. When you are large in size, you tend to get very self-conscious. So, in order to avoid this, get into the habit of exercising every day.   37   If you look as if you have just stepped out of a 1980’s film when actually it is 2011, there is no doubt that you are bound to feel awkward about yourself

Be optimistic

Another effective tip on how not to feel awkward is to always keep a smile on your face.  38   On the other hand, a smiling, happy and positive think person is appreciated by everybody. So, smile when you meet acquaintances or even strangers, say a cheerful “Hi!” and automatically some of your awkwardness will disappear completely!

Participate in team activities

This one really helps. Awkwardness generally develops when a person remains isolated from others. So ,in order to change this situation, join groups.   39   Joining people in book reading sessions as well as debates will help remove your awkwardness. Choose any activity of your choice, such as playing team sports or joining a dance class, and soon you will find your comfort level around people increasing day by day!

Develop your personality

Being a book-worm or an Internet addict will not get you anywhere. For self-improvement, take up a hobby that adds meaning to your life. Learn singing or try adventure sports.   40  

A. Learn how to end a conversation.

B. Secondly, have appropriate clothes on.

C. For instance, if you are a reading lover, join a book club.

D. If you look sad, nobody will actually like being with you.

E. Something as simple as listening to music will do wonders too.

F. Many among us are shy and may even feel kept apart from others.

G. Awkwardness could be because you do not have anything in common to talk about.