Parents are a child’s first teachers. But some parents never learned from good examples. In New York City, a nonprofit agency called Covenant House tries to help homeless young mothers become good parents.

The twelve or so teenagers who live at the shelter attend parenting classes four days a week. The class is called Mommy and Me. Teacher Delores Clemens is a mother of five and a grandmother. She teaches basic skills, like how to give a baby a bath and how to dress a baby depending on the season.

She remembers one student who learned from her mother not to pick up a crying baby. The mother said that would only make the child needy and overly demanding. Delores Clemens says, “that's not true. You have to hold your baby! He is crying for a reason. If you never pick him up, he's going to keep crying. Pick your baby up. Cuddle your baby. Hug him! And she started to do that. They just want a little cuddling and a little love. And it works!”

Delores Clemens says her students also learn how to be good mothers by letting themselves be mothered. Around three hundred fifty teenage mothers graduate from Covenant House's Mommy and Me class every year.

In class, with her baby son is Natasha. She lived on the streets. She is glad not only for the warmth and shelter of Covenant House. As she told reporter Adam Phillips, she is also glad for the help they offer in seeking a more secure life.

The World Health Organization says the United States has forty-one births for every one thousand girls age fifteen to nineteen. That is higher than other developed countries, as well as some developing ones. By comparison, northern neighbor Canada has fourteen births and southern neighbor Mexico has eighty-two.

1．What is the text mainly about?

A. Parents who are a child’s first teachers.

B. A class where teens learn mothering and are mothered.

C. A nonprofit agency that offers a more secure life.

D. A kind teacher who help homeless young mothers.

2．Covenant Houses’ Mommy and Me class is intended to _____.

A. help homeless young mothers become good parents

B. provide homeless young mothers with a warm shelter

C. help mothers in New York be good parents

D. teach some parents how to love their children

3．What can we know about Delores Clemens from the text?

A. She has a mother of five and a grandmother.

B. She thinks a crying baby should be picked up and hugged.

C. She teaches advanced skills on how to be good mothers.

D. She is very glad for the warmth and shelter of Covenant House.

4．According to the World Health Organization, which country has the highest births for girls age fifteen to nineteen?

A. Canada     B. the United States of America

C. Mexico       D. Britain

If you are afraid of the dark，it’s not a big deal．It’s perfectly normal to feel afraid After all，animals do too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist．“It’s a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”

    Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways．A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell．A  small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches．

    Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect．The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red—eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.

    In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps（果冻一样的块状物）of their eggs to the undersides of leaves．The leaves hang on branches that dangle（悬挂）over ponds．After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles（蝌蚪）then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.

    Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching．If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.

    If hatching early helps protect red—eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don’t always hatch sooner．It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger．Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them too．Staying in their eggs for a full 6 days，then，allows frog embryos（胚胎）to grow big and strong．This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water．

5．It can be inferred from the passage that fears       .

A．help animals grow bigger and stronger

B．are less common among young animals

C．help animals move a lot to fit the environment

D．are more or less important in order for animals to survive

6．We are told in the passage that tree frogs        .

A．face danger both inside their eggs and in the water

B．will grow fast if they fall into the water later

C．are surprisingly clever when inside their eggs

D．stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened

7．Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because

A．They like falling into the water early

B. They want to grow into adult frog

C.  They sense a hungry snake is about to attack

D. Frog embryos can grow strong

8．What is the best title of the passage ？

A. What is Fear                      B. Why do we feel afraid

C. You feel afraid，animals do too      D. Fear is a good thing

9．What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph?

A．Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of schedule．

B．How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them．

C．Another example of animals that responds to fear in an unexpected way．

D．How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.

Will you be playing some music at work?

Music is particularly popular in the medical profession, especially among surgeons（外科医生）. A recent survey shows that 90% of surgeons in the UK put music on the sound system in the theatre during operations. Plastic surgeons（整形外科医生）play the most music; it appears that ear, nose, and throat specialists the least.

But it isn’t only in surgeries(外科手术) where music is popular. In another recent survey, one-third of the 1,613 people said they listen to music while working. And 79% of them said that humming（哼歌）along improves their job satisfaction or productivity.

Is listening to music at work a good idea? Yes, say the experts. Many surgeons say that music helps to create a “calm atmosphere”, and a third of them added that it avoids getting bored! Also, listening to music raises the levels of a brain chemical that can help people focus. Office workers say it improves job satisfaction. Several studies suggest that it’s also good for hospital patients. Those listening to music through headphones during surgery require less anesthetic（麻醉剂）, up to 50% less in some cases, and recover more quickly afterwards. “Sure, music reduces anxiety before surgery,” says Zeev Kain, an anesthetist at Yale University.

So, what type of music should we be listening to? Surgeons from the previous survey preferred rock, pop music and classical. And hip-hop is popular too. However, whatever the kind, it appears that self-selected music is the best choice. Pennsylvania State University research showed that when people chose their own music there was more stress reduction(下降). And other researchers found that when listening to self-selected music, surgeons did the maths faster and more accurately than when they were listening to music chosen for them.

10．The underlined word “theatre” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.

A. an operating room

B. a rest room for surgeons

C. a waiting room in a hospital

D. a building where shows are performed

11．The surveys mentioned in the passage show ________.

A. music is popular in some professions

B. most surgeons in the UK are fond of singing

C. office workers learn a lot from listening to music

D. fewer than half of the people listen to music at work

12．What are the advantages of listening to music at work? ________.

①improving memory

②keeping people relaxed

③improving job satisfaction

④improving eyesight

A. ①④ B. ①② C. ②③ D. ②④

13．How should you choose music for work time according to the passage? ________.

A. Turn to the surgeons for help

B. Make your selection by yourself

C. Rock, pop music and classical are always good choices

D. The most popular music should be taken into consideration

14．The passage is mainly about ________.

A. how to choose music wisely

B. where to find the best music

C. the popularity of music in hospitals

D. the benefits of listening to music at work

At just 18 years old, Canberra student Lochie Ferrier has already conducted research in a frontier field — aerospace engineering. Aerospace engineering is the primary        of engineering concerned with the science and technology of aircraft and spacecraft.

In 2014, he was one of 80 high school students worldwide who      a six-week science and engineering program at MIT. During the program, he was      by the institute’s scientists, and developed a method to identify inactive satellites. This method, called OASIS, is designed       a way to help manage space debris(碎片), which        operating satellites.

“One solution to this problem is a        robot that can gather pieces of space debris and store them in orbit，” he says. “These pieces could be       to new satellites later, thus      the costs and launch weights of new satellites.” However,      satellite identification technology would be needed for this solution, and that’s what Lochie is working on. “I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future,     in the next 10 years,” he says.

Lochie has made the      of the Young Innovators category of the Australian Innovation Challenge Awards with his OASIS. This category is open to students aged 21 years or      and carries a $ 5,000 prize. If he won, he would use the money to help fund        research into OASIS. “My plan for using the money would be to try to use materials which could stand up to the      environment of space,” he says.

He is also considering how to      the technology to organizations such as NASA and satellite manufacturers.

Lochie’s       in aerospace engineering was aroused by the big dish antenna(碟形天线）at NASA’s tracking station near Canberra，which he visited in his early teens. He said his software design and development teacher at Canberra Grammar School      him, too.   “He taught me valuable project management and skills which I applied to OASIS.”

Lochie has been attending Canberra Grammar School and will soon      exams for admission to universities. He      his time between schoolwork, his personal       projects such as OASIS and the development of apps, rock climbing, and playing classical violin. The teenager is well on his way to realizing his sky-high ambition.

15．A. principle        B. presentation       C. branch            D. criterion

16．A. brought in       B. participated in    C. set up            D. backed up

17．A. guided           B. criticized         C. surprised         D. changed

18．A. in               B. for                C. with              D. as

19．A. follows          B. threatens          C. splits            D. maintains

20．A. recycling        B. repairing          C. creating          D. launching

21．A. switched         B. transformed        C. attached          D. returned

22．A. increasing       B. reducing           C. balancing         D. covering

23．A. optional         B. temporary          C. reliable          D. theoretical

24．A. imagine          B. say                C. suppose           D. consider

25．A. plans            B. finals             C. competitions      D. goals

26．A. under            B. beyond             C. more              D. above

27．A. basic            B. further            C. academic          D. independent

28．A. extreme          B. pure               C. dark              D. friendly

29．A. adapt            B. forward            C. market            D. apply

30．A. influence        B. investment         C. information       D. interest

31．A. inspired         B. served             C. sponsored         D. promised

32．A. join             B. sit                C. hold              D. prepare

33．A. devotes          B. spends             C. separates         D. divides

34．A. instructive      B. competitive        C. technical         D. typica

文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。    增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾）,并在其下面写出该加的字。    删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。  修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Since Chinese dream was raised by President Xi Jinping from 2013, the phrase had become a hot topic among Chinese people. According to a recently survey by CCTV, different people have different dreams. A great many urban residents dream of having easy access with modern transportation so that life will be more convenient and much more easier. That college students are mainly concerned about is employ and their dream is to have well-paid jobs which they can live their lives to the best. As for the farmers，they hope we can enjoy good and affordable medical care and that their children can receive good education. In my view, admitted to a good university is my dream and I hope I can be a person who make contributions to my country.