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The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放) by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero­carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change, too.

The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率), which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.

“Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher, “consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.” In other words, old habits die hard, even in the best­designed eco­home.

Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill­payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy­use habits. Without specific information, it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart meters  and energy monitors, could help bridge this  information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.

Social science research has added a further dimension(方面), suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器), for example.

Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.

本文论述了房屋使用者的行为对节能减排的重要性，号召人们规范行为，共同保护环境。

1．As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________.

A. zero­carbon homes

B. the behaviour of building users

C. sustainable building design

D. the reduction of carbon emissions

2．The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”．

A. the ways         B. their homes

C. developments     D. existing efforts

3．What are Katy Janda's words mainly about?

A. The importance of changing building users' habits.

B. The necessity of making a careful building design.

C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.

D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.

4．The information gap in energy use ________.

A. can be bridged by feedback facilities

B. affects  the study on energy monitors

C. brings about problems for smart meters

D. will be caused by building users' old habits

5．What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?

A. The social science research is to be furthered.

B. The education programme is under discussion.

C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.

D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.

Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem，if you're unsatisfied，the issue is not a lack of means to meet  your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.

Real riches consist of well­developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped(淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms，yet their house of life is a hut.

Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅)，a royal palace .Every new taste，every additional interest，every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have.

Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them，they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you're hungry.

Literature，classic literature，is a beautiful，richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person，for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.

Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk，you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills.

Sports，without which you remain poor，mean a lot in life. No matter who you are，you would be more human，and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days，if you could，and did，play a bit.

Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life，the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.

本文是一篇议论文。幸福是什么？幸福能用金钱买来吗？作者在本文中把我们的幸福比作房子，告诉我们要想幸福，就需在我们的房子里增加艺术、文学、音乐、体育等房间。作者的这一论点新颖奇特，希望它能使你更幸福。

1.The author intends to tell us that________.

A．true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means

B．big houses are people's most valued possessions

C．big houses can in a sense bring richness of life

D．true happiness comes from spiritual riches

2.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that________.

A．however materially rich，they never seem to be satisfied

B．however materially rich，they remain spiritually poor

C．though their house is big，they prefer a simple life

D．though their house is big，it seems to be a cage

3.It can be learned from the passage that________.

A．more money brings more happiness

B．art is needed to make your house beautiful

C．literature can enrich your spiritual life

D．sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness

4.What would be the best title for the passage？

A．House of Life    B．Secret of Wealth

C．Rest and Refreshment     D．Interest and Enthusiasm

Many years ago，a French naturalist，Comte de Buffon，wrote some books about natural history. The books were a great success even though some critics (批评家) did not like them. Some critics said，“Comte de Buffon is more of a poet than a scientist.”

Thomas Jefferson did not like what Comte de Buffon had said about the natural wonders of the New World. It seemed to Jefferson that Comte de Buffon had spoken of natural wonders in America as if they were unimportant.

This troubled Thomas Jefferson. He was also a naturalist，as well as a farmer，an inventor，a historian，a writer and a politi cian. He had seen the natural wonders of Europe. To him，they were no more important than those of the New World.

In 1788，Thomas Jefferson wrote about his home state，Virginia. While writing，he thought of its natural beauty and then of the words of Comte de Buffon. At that moment，Jefferson created a new word—belittle. He said，“Comte de Buffon believes that nature belittles her productions on this side of the Atlantic.”

Noah Webster，the American word expert，liked this word. He put it in the English language dictionary in 1806，“Belittle－to make small，unimportant.”

Americans had already accepted Jefferson's word and started to use it. In 1797，the Independent Chronicle used the word to describe a politician the paper supported.“He is an honorable man，”the paper wrote，“so let the opposition try to belittle him as much as they please.”

In 1872，a famous American word expert decided that the time had come to kill this word. He said，“Belittle has no chance of becoming English. And as more critical writers of America，like those of Britain，feel no need of it，the sooner it is forgotten，the better.”

This expert failed to kill the word. Today，belittle is used where the English language is spoken.

文章讲述了美国总统Thomas Jefferson创造“belittle”这个新词的故事。

5.Why did Thomas Jefferson disagree with Comte de Buffon？

A．Comte de Buffon was more of a poet.

B．Comte de Buffon wasn't a true scientist.

C．Comte de Buffon was a writer from Europe.

D．Comte de Buffon had prejudice against the New World.

6.We can infer that Jefferson created the word “belittle” out of his________.

A．anger            B．excitement

C．kindness             D．responsibility

7.Which of the following is TRUE of the word“belittle”？

A．It has already disappeared.

B．It was created by Thomas  Jefferson.

C．It was used to describe nature.

D．The Independent Chronicle made it popular.

8.What is the main idea of the text？

A．How the word“belittle”came into being.

B．The argument about natural wonders.

C．Every word has a long history behind.

D．Noah Webster supported Jefferson's idea.

完形填空

I got off the train and was waiting for my ride to come  to pick me up.  Suddenly I __1__  a desire to write a poem. I looked around and found a pen, but no paper  __2__.

I sat there for a moment    __3__， alone with the sudden desire.  Then I looked around a little more.  It __4__  that in my wallet I had a dollar bill.  Looking at it a little more __5__， it became clear that there was __6__  writing surface on the dollar.  But I could write  __7__  else.  So I took my pen and wrote, “This is a very   __8__   dollar—given to you with love. Do not keep it or  __9__  it.  Give it to someone else with love and watch it  __10__.” I then decorated the    __11__ with hearts, trying to make it __12__  as many good wishes as possibly could.

At that moment, I noticed a woman seated near me, also waiting for a __13__. She seemed a bit   __14__.  I walked up to her and said “This is for you.” __15__ to be given a dollar, she took a second    __16__   and read it. All of a sudden her mood    __17__  from anxious to warm and she gave me a big hug and thanked me.  I realized that if this was the  __18__from just one stranger,  then without   __19__   this wave of warmth would continue on.

My ride came, and we drove off.  Somehow,  __20__， I feel this is not the end of the story and that this dollar won't stop.

1．A. expressed     B. felt    C. satisfied        D. lost

2．A. in order B. in mind C. in sight         D. in use

3．A. helplessly    B. Excitedly    C. hopefully        D. angrily

4．A. seemed        B. happened     C. proved       D. appeared

5．A. hurriedly B. Casually C. disappointedly  D. thoroughly

6．A. much     B. No       C. little           D. enough

7．A. something   B. Anything   C. nothing     D. everything

8．A. common   B. Familiar C. special     D. useful

9．A. throw         B. Spend        C. tear             D. lend

10．A. disappear  B. Increase   C. spread       D. grow

11．A. pen          B. Poem     C. paper        D. bill

12．A. accept   B. Carry        C. exchange     D. collect

13．A. ride         B. friend       C. train            D. gift

14．A. puzzled    B. anxious    C. delighted   D. curious

15．A. Frightened  B. Disturbed C. Surprised        D. Annoyed

16．A. look     B. breath       C. chance           D. break

17．A. differed     B. ranged  C. moved       D. changed

18．A. reply        B. refusal      C. reaction    D. request

19．A. dilemma B. doubt        C. difficulty       D. delay

20．A. though   B. therefore    C. thus             D. moreover

用所给词的适当形式填空

1.I think we've all learned a________(value)lesson today.

2.During the summer，New York offers a variety of special________(culture)events.

3.He is the only________(survive) in the accident.

4.At the________(enter) to the hall，I saw Tom by accident.

5.On National Day，the buildings in Beijing________(decorate) with red flags.

6.The floor was made of________(wood) blocks.

7.It is________(evidence) that he is pretending to be ill.

8.That shop has a fine________(select) of cakes.

9.She fancied________(sing) in front of people at a concert.

10.Why is it that he________(rare) mentions his childhood？