Located in the center of Melbourne, Australia, are two tall towers designed by building architect Phil Rowe, both of shaped like massive tree houses rather than skyscrapers.
A.who B.whom C.which D.them
D
【详解】
考查独立柱格结构。句意:坐落在澳大利亚墨尔本市中心的是由建筑设计师Phil Rowe设计的两座高塔,它们的形状都像巨大的树屋而不是摩天大楼。根据句意及句子结构分析可知,此处为独立主格结构。A/B/C引导从句。故D选项正确。
【点睛】
独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句中或主句末,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
独立主格结构的基本构成形式:名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等)。例如:There being nothing else to do, they have gone away. 由于无事可做,他们离开了。(代词+现在分词)如本题就是“代词+过去分词”结构。
独立主格结构的用法:主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如:
1、表示时间:His first play a success, he wrote another.他第一个剧本成功后,又写了另一个剧本。
2、表示条件:The teacher to help us, we will succeed.有老师的帮助,我们就能成功。
3、表示原因:It being Sunday, they had no classes.由于是星期天,他们不上课。
4、表示伴随情况:He lay on his back, his face up and his hands crossed under his head.他脸朝天,头枕着手躺着。
More overseas students are returning home to make contributions to our country, a large proportion of _____ reported to have received first-class education.
A.whom B.which C.them D.whoever
C
【详解】
考查独立主格结构。句意:更多的海外学子回国为自己的祖国做出贡献,其中很多被报道已经接受过一流的教育。此题容易被误认为是非限制性定语从句。根据句意大量的人被报道,所以这里的reported 应该表示被动,是非谓语动词中过去分词表示被动。如果在reported 前面加一个are就是定语从句,a large proportion of are reported to have received first-class education.这时候就应该用whom。故本题选C。
【点睛】
这道题的解题关键是区分这是一个定语从句还是独立主格结构。定语从句需要有先行词,而且先行词代入从句后是一个完整的句子;而独立主格结构中,没有谓语动词,一般由名词或名词短语或代词直接加非谓语动词形式构成。所以本题中,students与report之间是被动关系,而空格后没有表示被动关系的be动词,所以不能构成一个完整的句子,所以这是一个独立主格结构。同学们要学会如何区分这两种句型。
This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A.is there B.there is
C.is it D.it is
C
【解析】
nor位于句首引起部分倒装,排除B、D;再根据句意“这并不是(关于)我的故事,它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。
Mr. and Mrs. Scott prefer a restaurant in a small town to ______ in so large a city as New York.
A.this B.one
C.it D.that
B
【解析】
考查代词。句意:Scott先生和太太喜欢在小镇上的餐馆,而不喜欢在像纽约这样的大城市里的餐馆。prefer A to B比起……更喜欢……,该句型是固定句型,用one代替another restaurant,故选B。
Wuxi is now a modem city with many attractions, most of approached within 30 minutes by public transport from the city centre.
A.that B.them
C.which D.whom
B
【解析】
考查代词和独立结构。根据句意:无锡现在是一个有许多风景名胜的现代化城市,大部分从市中心乘坐30分钟之内公共交通可以到达。根据过去分词approached,可知这里是独立结构做状语对上句进行补充,故这里用代词them指代上文的many attractions。故选B。
Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely violent.
A.which B.it
C.them D.those
B
【详解】
考查代词。句意:在最受欢迎的电子游戏中几乎90%都有暴力成分,并且其中有些更是极其暴力。题干中的much一词的出现可知,所修饰的应该是前面一句话中的“violence”而非“video games”,且句子有and一词连接,故不是定语从句,排除A项;用it指代前面的“violence”,故选B。
—He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______________ were popular.
—It’s the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ______________ was a success.
A.these;them B.which;which
C.those;which D.which;them
D
【详解】
考查定语从句和并列句。句意:——他写了许多部小说,没有一部受欢迎。——和他的妻子一样。她写了许多部戏剧,没有一部获得成功。本题很容易误选A、B。选对该题的关键是:要注意第一空前面的none of...没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句,所以其后填which);而第二空前面的none of...前有一并列连词but(说明它与前面一句构成并列句,所以其后填them),故选D。
Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _______ extra stress.
A.it B.them
C.one D.him
A
【详解】
考查代词的用法。句意:作为一个父母并非总是一件容易的事,但是作为一个有特殊需求的孩子的父母来说就需要有更多的额外的压力。it特指being the parent of a child with special needs这件事。故选A。
They are all interested in the newly-built apartments along the river, but _______ really want to buy any yet.
A.none of them
B.none of what
C.none of whom
D.none of which
A
【解析】
试题分析:考查指示代词的选用。none前有并列连词 but,不是考查定语从句,只能用them指代前面的他们。句意:他们都对河边新建的公寓很感兴趣,但是目前还没有人想要去买。根据句意可判断其它3项与题意不符,故选A。
考点:考查指示代词的选用
The pupils in our school like reading after lunch, most of _________ seated on the grass unless it rains.
A.them B.whom
C.that D.who
A
【解析】
试题分析:考查独立主格结构。此题为非谓语动词,语法的重点和难度即独立主格结构,前后两句话之间没有连接词,这个时候要考虑非谓语动词;第二个句子中的“seated”一词明显为表示“就座”意义的非谓语动词,故应该是“most of them”表示后一句的主语适合,故A项正确。重要的干扰项为B项,即如果要选择B,则需要考虑非限制性定语从句即“most of whom are seated…”才行。
考点:考查独立主格结构
---How do you like the food and service in our canteen?
---Much better than ______ used to be.
A.those B.one C.they D.that
C
【解析】
试题分析:考查代词。上句:你觉得我们食堂的饭菜和服务怎么样?下句:它们比过去的好。they指代食堂的饭菜,故选C。
【学法指导】
关于指代
1.a +单数可数名词,用one替代(同类但不同物)。He has a computer and I have one.
2.the+单数可数名词/不可数名词,用that替代。The rope here is longer than that in her room.
3.the +复数名词,用those替代。The streets in the city are cleaner than those in that one.
4.“同类同物”用it替代。There is a book on the desk. It is mine.
考点:考查代词
—My mother’s birthday is coming soon. What should I get ________?
— What about some flowers?
A.herself B.her C.hers D.she
B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:——我妈妈的生日快到了。我该给她买点什么?——买些鲜花如何?用于动词get后作宾语要用宾格,故选B。
考点:考查代词。
Henry made a list of all the possible solutions,______ helpful in handling the present situation, though.
A.none of them B.none of which
C.all of which D.all of them
A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:亨利把所有可能的方案列了一个表,然而没有一个对解决现在的情况有帮助。没有be动词不是定语从句,而且因为在后一句的末尾有连接词though,因此两句都是完整的分句,不需要用从句形式。根据句意都没有用,故选A。
考点:考查动词的用法。
In accordance to the latest news report, two hundred people died in the accident, _______, which made the parentscry their heart out.
A.many of them children
B.many of them were children
C.and many of them children
D.many of which were children
A
【解析】
考查独立主格结构。“them children”的构成形式为“代词+名词”。句意:根据最新的新闻报道,两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童,这使他们的父母号啕痛哭。故答案选A。
They came up with a lot of plans at the meeting, none of them ______ in their work.
A.carrying out B.having carried out
C.carried out D.being carrying out
C
【解析】
试题分析:前半句句子完整,后半句为独立主格结构,them指代plans,plans与carry out是动宾关系,carry out用被动形式,故选C。句意:会议上他们提出了很多计划,但是一个也没有在工作中实施。
考点: 非谓语动词
Henry made a list of all the possible solutions, ______ helpful in handling the present situation, though.
A.none of which B.none of them
C.all of which D.all of them
B
【解析】
试题分析:考查不定代词。句意:亨利列出了所有可能的解决办法,但并没有一个可以解决当前的问题。none of…全都不……;them指代前句中的solutions。
考点:考察句意以及不定代词的使用。
What great means! How did you manage to find ? It is the first time I such wonderful means.
A.it; hear of B.it, have heard of ;
C.them; hear of D.them; have heard of
D
【解析】
试题分析:考查代词和固定句式。句意:多么伟大的方法!你怎样设法找到他们的?可知第一空用them代替前面的means;It is the first(second---) time 主语+现在完成时态+其他。此举是表示“某人第几次做某事”。可知第二空填have heard of。故选D。
【知识归纳】
1.It is the first(second---)time that 主语+现在完成时态+其他。意思是:第几次做某事了。如果把is改成was,则后面用过去完成时态。It’s the third time that I have come to the Summer Palace.这是我第三次来到颐和园。
2.It’s (high) time that 主语+一般过去时态+其他。现在是该做某事的时间了。It’s high time that we had lunch.现在是我们该吃午饭的时间了。
3. It is/has been+一段时间+since 主语+一般过去时态+---。自从---有多长时间了。在这个句型中since引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时态,分两种情况:(1)如果从句的动词是终止性动词leave/come/---,则表示“从动作开始到现在多长时间了。”It is three years since he began to smoke.他已经吸烟三年了。(2)如果从句的动词是持续性动词stay/smoke/live---,则表示“从动作结束到现在多长时间了”。 It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟三年了。
考点:考查代词和固定句式
We must take two aspects into consideration , both of _______ associated with the safety of the students .
A.which B.them
C.that D.whom
B
【解析】
试题分析:考查独立主格结构。本题在associated with前面没有系动词,意味着逗号后面的部分不是一个完整的句子,所以使用独立主格结构。句意:我们必须考虑两方面,这两方面都和学生的安全有关。本句相当于定语从句both of which are associated with the safety of the students。故B正确。
考点:考查独立主格结构
“I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _____love her or more than she loves _____?”
A.you, me B.she, you C.I, me D.I, you
A
【解析】
做对此题的关键是要弄清填空句是个省略句,补充完整为:You mean that you love me more than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me?句意为:“你是说你爱我胜过你爱她,还是说你爱我胜过她爱我?”所以最佳答案应选A。
Before ______ was standing a terrible man, Miss Linda could do nothing _________immediately.
A.she; but cry B.her; but cry
C.herself; except crying D.she; but to cry
B
【解析】
介词后面人称代词应用宾格形式,可以排除AD选项,could为情态动词后面应用原型动词,排除C答案,所以选B.
The factory produced many famous cars, none of ____ shipped to foreign countries.
A.that B.what C.which D.Them
D
【解析】
试题分析:考查代词。句意:这个工厂生产了很多著名的汽车,但是它们中没有哪一个是销往国外的。 Them指代many famous cars,是汽车没有被销往国外,故选D项。
考点:考查代词
I still remember the accident and the troubles ______has caused to me.
A.which B.what C.it D.when
C
【详解】
考查代词。句意:我依然记住那个意外事故以及它已经给我带来的麻烦。分析句子可知,the troubles 后面是一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,关系代词that/which在该定语从句中只充当动词caused的宾语,故从句需要代词it作为主语指代前文的the accident,故此处填it。故选C项。
There are so many tall trees in the forest, ______ .
A.some of them measures 50 metres
B.some of which measuring 50 metres
C.some of them measuring 50 metres
D.some of which measures 50 metres
C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:森林里有许多高树,其中一些树高达50米。这里若使用some of which表示非限制性定语从句,从句谓语动词应该是measure,因为主语是复数,而使用some of them属于独立主格结构,在句中作状语,且some of them是measure的逻辑主语,应使用现在分词measuring,即C项。
考点:考查独立主格结构
—How beautiful the dress looks on you ! Don’t you want ,Madam?
—Well ,please show me .
A.one; other
B.it; other
C.it; another
D.one; the other
C
【解析】
考查代词和不定代词。句意:你穿的衣服真漂亮。你想来一个吗,女士?好的,给我来一件。第一个空one 表示同一类中的另外一个;第二个空表示another指另外的任何一件dress,故选C项。
When I went into the room,I found _____ in bed.
A.him lying B.he lying C.him was lying
A
【解析】
试题分析:考查动词。Find sb doing sth“发现某人在做某事”,此处的sb做find的宾语,用宾格;句意:进入房间后,我发现他躺在床上。故A选项正确。
考点:考查动词
Mr. Green has two sons, one of _____ working as a bus driver now.
A.who B.whom C.them D.whose
C
【解析】
试题分析:考查定语从句。句意:格林先生有两个儿子,其中一人现在是作为一名公共汽车司机在工作。填whom,注意one前面是逗号,说明前面的句子还不完整,而后面是个定语从句。如果one前面是句号,则填them。故选C。
考点:考查定语从句
The young member made several proposals, and none of __________ were considered to be practical or acceptable.
A.them B.which C.it D.what
A
【解析】
试题分析:考查句子分析。句意:这个年轻的成员提出了几个提议,没有一个被认为是实用的或可被接受的。因为两句话中间有连词and,所以后面的是简单句,用them代替proposals,这不是定语从句,不能用which,故选A。
考点:考查句子分析
I am sorry he has not told me his name on the phone because_______helps if I know who I am talking to.
A.it B.he C.one D.its
A
【解析】
it 指代told me his name on the phone这件事
考点:代词/不定代词
He amazed ________ all with his kindness and his beautiful, gentle, caring spirit.
A.our B.we C.us D.ours
C
【详解】
考查人称代词宾格。句意:他的善良和他美丽、温柔、体贴的精神使我们都感到惊讶。根据谓语动词“amazed”可知,后接宾语,our为形容词性物主代词;we作主语;us为宾格形式,作宾语;ours为名词性物主代词,相当于一个名词,故选C。
The company and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market.
A.it B.which
C.that D.what
A
【解析】
考查代词。句中的it代指the company,it brought about为定语从句,先行词the effect作brought about的宾语,故后省略了关系词which或that。句意:这家公司及其所带来的影响对我们的业务有很大的好处。故选A。
I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
A.it B.you
C.one D.this
A
【详解】
考查it用法。句意:如果你能提前告诉我你是否会来的话,我将非常感激。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时,其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句,若语义上需要接这类从句,需借助it,it作形式宾语。故选A。
【点睛】
使用appreciate的四点习惯
1)习惯上不接不定式作宾语,其后可接名 (代)词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语,但不能接不定式。如:
We shall appreciate hearing from you again.能再次收到你的来信,我们将十分感激。
I appreciate that you have come here so early. 感谢你来得这么早。
2)习惯上不用“人”作宾语,其后只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语 (注意:这与thank 的用法恰恰相反)。
正:I appreciate your kindness. 谢谢你的好意。误:I appreciate you for your kindness.
正:He thanked her for her kindness. 他感谢她的好意。误:He thanked her kindness.
3)后接if或when从句时习惯上要先接it。其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句,若语义上需要接这类从句,需借助it。
如:I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事,我会十分感激。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。
4)关于修饰语的搭配习惯,要表示程度,可用 deeply, highly, (very) much 等副词修饰。如:I deeply appreciateyour kindness. 我深深感谢你的好意。
He highly appreciated their help. 他非常感谢他们的帮助。
注意:much 修饰 appreciate时,只能置于其前,而不能置于其后但 very much 却可以)。如:我们非常感谢你的邀请。正:We much appreciate your invitation.正:We appreciate your invitation very much. 误:We appreciate your invitation much.
____ was known to all that there is no possibility _____he will win the tennis match.
A.As; which B.what; that
C.It; that D.It; which
C
【详解】
考查it作形式主语的主语从句和同位语从句。此句考查it做形式主语,而that引导真正的主语从句。第二个空考查同位语从句,解释possibility的内容,从句不缺成分,所以用that 引导。句意为:众所周知,他几乎没有赢得网球比赛的可能。
【点睛】
此题主要考查从句,比较难,难点在于要分清是什么从句。从本句的形式来看第一空处应该填it,因为此处是it做形式主语的,that 引导真正的主语从句,表示众所周知。而第二空则是跟在possibility后面的从句,根据语境可知是解释possibility的内容,因此用that引导同位语从句。
________ never occurred to me ________ I had to attend an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
A.lt; which B.What; that
C.What; which D.It; that
D
【解析】
考查形式主语和主语从句。句意:我突然想起明天我不得不去上海参加一个重要的会议。分析句子可知,I had to attend an important meeting in Shanghai the next day为真正的主语,是一个主语从句,所以用it充当形式主语,在主语从句中什么成分都不缺,故用that引导。It occurred to sb that ….为固定句型,意为“某人突然想到……”。故选D项。
Never shall I forget that poem and the inspiration provided for my first novel.
A.which B.that
C.it D.what
C
【解析】
试题分析:C考查代词。我永远也不能忘记这首诗歌和它给我的第一本小说给我的灵感。这里inspiration后面是定语从句,关系代词省略。定语从句还缺少主语the poem,用it特指前面的that poem,所以选C。
考点,考查代词
_______ in the regulations that you shouldn’t tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A.As is required B.It is required
C.It requires D.What is required
B
【详解】
考查固定句型和it做形式主语。句意:根据规定,你不应该告诉别人你电子邮件账户的密码。固定句式:It is required that…“据要求,根据规定”,it在句中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。故选B。
How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A.them B.one
C.those D.it
D
【详解】
考查代词It。句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时,突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句(if)和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like______.分析句子结构可知,like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当,故选D。
People from the West like to use “please” and “thank you” in cases ________ some people in Asia may not think ________ necessary.
A.that;it B.when;that
C.where;it D.what;/
C
【解析】
先行词为case、point、situation等表抽象地点的名词时,定语从句要用where来引导。第二个空考查it作形式宾语,necessary后面省略了真正的宾语to use “please” and “thank you”。故选C。
【名师点睛】当先行词是situation,case,point等词时,后常用where引导定语从句。例如:Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 所谓形式宾语即是it,it作形式宾语需具备两个条件,一是真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句;二是有宾语补足语,具备了这两个条件,形式宾语it一定要用。如本句中真正的宾语是to use “please” and “thank you”,在此省略;句中有补足语necessary,故用it。
No matter where he is, he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A.him B.this
C.that D.it
D
【解析】
考查it作形式宾语。句意:不管他在哪儿,早餐前都要去散步,这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语,不定式短语“to go for a walk before breakfast”是真正的宾语,故选D项。
—I’m in great trouble now.
—You can depend on that all of us will stand by you all the time.
A.that B.it
C.one D.不填
B
【解析】
考查固定句型。上句:我现在有很大的麻烦。下句:你放心好了,我们大家都会支持你的。depend on it that为固定句型,意为你可以相信我们,依靠我们,类似的句型有I like it when ......; I'd appreciate it if …….故选B。
【名师点睛】
it 用法的句型
1. It was + 段时间 +before sb. did sth. It will be+段时间+before sb. do sth. It was not+段时间+before sb. did sth. “过很久才…” “将过很久才…”(do 代 will do) “不久就…”
2.It will not be+段时间+before sb. do sth. “不久就将…”(do 代 will do) 2. It is +段时间+since sb. did sth. “自从…到现在为止”
3. It is/was/will be+时间点+when sb. do/did/do) “当…的时候”
4. It/This/That is the first time that sb. has done sth. “截止到现在是第一次…”
5. It is (high/about)time that sb. did/should do sth.(不省 should) “该到…的时间了”
6. It is/was+强调部分+that /who+原句其他部分
7. It is no good/no use/fun/a waste of time doing sth.
8. It is adj. (指人)of sb. to do sth. It is adj. (指事) for sb. to do sth.
9. It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
10. It is said that …=sb./sth. is said to do/to be doing /to have done (类似 said 的动词有:reported, thought,announced,known 等)
11. It is a wonder that…(类似 wonder 的名词有:an honor, a pity, a shame 等)
12. find it +adj/n+to do sth./从句 (类似的动词有 feel, think, consider , make)
13. appreciate it+when/if 从句 (类似词有表示喜怒哀乐,love ,enjoy ,prefer, hate, like.)
_______ is known to us all that the old scientist, for _______ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.
A.As; whose B.It; whose
C.As; whom D.It; whom
D
【详解】
考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意:我们都知道,那位老科学家,过去生活很艰苦,到了八十多岁还在努力工作。第一空it is known to us all that...是个固定句型,意为“众所周知……”,it在此是形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语;第二空为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词the old scientist指人,作介词for的宾语,只能用whom,故选D。
It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A.how B.whether
C.what D.why
B
【解析】
考查主语从句的连接词。此处it是形式主语,后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语,whether...or…意为:是…还是…都行。句意:在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
I would appreciate _________ you could work with us to communicate to the American people ________ there are no more funds available for further improvement of social security.
A.it that, if B.that, if
C.it if, that D.if, that
C
【解析】
考查it的用法和宾语从句。句意:如果你能和我们一起工作,把没有更多的可用于社会保障进一步改善的资金的这一消息传递给美国人民,我将万分感激。第一空是固定句式I would appreciate it if…,此处it作形式宾语,后面的if从句作真正的宾语;第二空是that引导的宾语从句。故选C。
The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
A.it B.them
C.her D.that
A
【详解】
考查代词的用法。句意:这两个女孩长得如此相像,以致于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。本句中it用在find后作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to tell one from the other。them,her,that等词均不能作形式宾语或形式主语。故选A。
The new technology will make ______ possible to grow food with very little water.
A.it B.it is
C.that D.that is
A
【解析】
A it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的 to grow food with very little water。
Never ______ forget that poem and the inspiration ______ provided for my first novel.
A.can I; which B.will I; that C.shall I; it D.must I; what
C
【详解】
考查情态动词和定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记那首诗和它为我的第一部小说提供的灵感。Can表示能够;will 表示将要;shall 用于第一人称,则表示决心;must 必须,故第一个空用shall。inspiration后面是定语从句,关系代词省略,定语从句还缺少主语the poem,用it特指前面的that poem,故选C。
How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A.that B.one
C.him D.it
D
【解析】
考查代词。句意:如果你正在看最喜欢的电视节目,有人走进来,一声不吭就关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代if后面的句子,would like后缺少宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当。故选D.
【点睛】
一般说来,当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。
如In fact, I still find it hard to make good friends with her.
it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是:动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。
如:I think it is convenient to come at two. 我认为两点钟来较适合。
Even now I find it hard to believe her story. 即使现在我发现仍相信她的话。
I find it difficult to talk to you. 我觉得同你谈话很难。
The sharpest earthquake and the suffering _____brought about have had a lasting effect on the local people's life ever since.
A.it B.which C.what D.that
A
【详解】
考查代词。句意:这剧烈的地震和它带来的苦难,对当地人民生活带来了前所未有的持续影响。分析句子结构可知,此处与brought about构成定语从句,修饰The sharpest earthquake and the suffering,关系词在从句中做宾语,已被省略,这里it指代earthquake,在从句中做主语。故选A。
—Who’s that at the door?
— is the milkman.
A.He B.It C.This D.That
B
【详解】
考查代词it。句意:——谁在门外?——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。
【点睛】
it 的用法
it 词小本事大, 人称代词包括它; 不明身份和性别,模糊指代就用它;距离日期和时间,天气环境全靠它;形宾形主惯用法,强调句型它当家。
1)指代姓别不明的人
Look at the baby. Isn’t it lovely?
2)指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。
It’s twenty miles to the zoo.
3)作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词、名词性从句。
It’s of great help to learn English well.
I find it quite necessary to make some changes.
4)特殊的形式宾语it。enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后接if 从句或when 从句,通常应先在动词后接it 作形式宾语。如:
I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.
5)用于强调句中:It is/was…that/who。
It’s from the sun that we get light and heat.
______ is of vital importance that we ______ something to protect our precious cultural heritage.
A.It, do B.What, did C.That, should do D.Whether, will do
A
【详解】
考查代词和虚拟语气。句意:我们做一些事情来保护我们宝贵的文化遗产是至关重要的。第一个空是形式主语,代指that we ______ something to protect our precious cultural heritage,形式主语应用it。It is important/of importance that clause句式中,that从句应用虚拟语气,其谓语部分为should do形式,should可以省略。故第二个填do。综上,故选A。
The natural environment should be protected because of the important role _______ plays in human survival and development.
A.which B.the one
C.it D.that
C
【解析】考查代词。句意:自然环境应该被保护,因为它在人类生存和发展方面起着重要作用。此处用it指代The natural environment,在从句中作主语,it用于替代上文出现的同一事物,所指的是同名同物;one用于替代上文提到的可数名词单数,表示泛指;that用于替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词,表特指。one和that所指的是同名异物。不能用which,如果是which的话,那构成定语从句,先行词是role,但这不符合语境。故只能选C。
Some experts state_____ seems that increased student focus can increase confidence and reduce the tendency among students to be anxious.
A.it B./
C.that D.what
A
【解析】句意:一些专家说似乎增加学生关注可以增加学生自信以及减少他们焦虑的趋势。动词state后接宾语从句,从句中使用固定结构it seems that…“似乎”。故选A。
_______ could be judged from her eyes that she was terribly sorry for what she ________.
A.As; had done B.That; did C.As; did D.It; had done
D
【解析】
本题句意“从她的眼神可以判断,她为她所做的感到非常抱歉”。此句中的that引导的从句是真正的主语,而it作形式主语。她感到抱歉是过去时,而所做的在抱歉之前已发生,故用过去完成时。
Normally, a forest fire and the damage _______ causes can be very extensive, especially when you consider the financial and physical losses.
A.which B.that
C.what D.it
D
【解析】
考查代词。句意:通常,森林大火和其引起的破坏可能是巨大的,特别是当你考虑到经济和物质损失时。the damage it causes 其中it causes是定语从句,先行词是damage,在定语从句中做宾语,此处的it代替的是the forest fire。故D选项正确。
is amazing that such an old man can climb a 1,000-meter-high mountain.
A.That B.What
C.It D.Which
C
【解析】
考查代词it。句意:这样的老人爬1000米的高山是令人惊讶的。真正的主语是主语从句“that such an old man can climb a 1,000-meter-high mountain”,it作形式主语。故选C。
I got them a grand piano because they like when I come home and play for them.
A.one B.it
C.this D.that
B
【解析】考查it的用法。我给他们买来一架大钢琴,因为他们喜欢我回家的时候为他们演奏。此处it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面when引导的宾语从句。故选B。
【名师点睛】
英语中有些动词像like/dislike/hate/appreciate等后面的宾语从句通常用it做形式宾语,再跟when/if等引导的宾语从句。I hate it when talk with their mouth full of food.本题就是考查it的这种用法。我给他们买来一架大钢琴,因为他们喜欢我回家的时候为他们演奏。此处it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面when引导的宾语从句。故选B。
Never should we forget the war and sufferings ________ caused to the people.
A.it B.which
C.that D.what
A
【解析】
试题分析:考查代词:这里sufferings后面的定语从句实际上把连接词省略了,如果只填连接词,则定语从句内部就没有了主语,这个句子实际缺的是定语从句的“主语”,句意:永远不要忘记战争和战争给人们带来的痛苦。指代the war,用it代替。选A。
考点:考查代词
点评:这题容易错选成B,考生会以为是定语从句,通过分析成分,可知需要代词。代词的词义辨析考查的较为细致:one 指代可数名词单数,表示泛指;其特质形式为the one。It指代上文出现的同一事物;that指代可数名词单数,或者不可数名词,后面必须有定语修饰。其复数形式为those,同样后面也应该有定语修饰。另外同位语在考查的时候要特别注意泛指和特指要保持一致。
______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A.Which B.What C.It D.As
C
【解析】
考查it的用法。句意:医疗保健的进步将促进一个更强大、更繁荣的经济,这是我们的信念。that引导的是主语从句,故空格处应该用it作形式主语,代替真正的that引导的主语从句。故选C。
【名师点睛】
It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
2.用it 作形式主语代替主语从句的结构
(1)It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
多么可惜啊,你错过了一场精彩的足球比赛。
(2)It is +形容词+从句
It is natural that… 很自然……
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
他来不来参加简的生日派对,这个不确定。
(3)It is +不及物动词+从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
似乎他没有讲真话。
It happened that I was out when he called.
碰巧,他打电话的时候我在外面。
(4)It +过去分词+从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道,在这场地震中,有16人遇难。
Never step back! Courage is all ________ takes to conquer that seemingly impossible mission.
A.what B.that C.one D.it
D
【解析】
考查代词it。句意:绝不后退!勇气是征服这个看似不可能任务所需要的一切。此处考查固定句型,It takes …to do sth.,it是形式主语,后面的不定式短语是真正的主语,_____ takes to conquer that seemingly impossible mission.是定语从句,先行词是all,关系词用that,但that在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略。故选D。
I’d appreciate _________ if you would like to teach me how to use the expression once more and I always appreciate _________ me with my English in the past.
A.that; you to help B.this; your helping
C.it; you to help D.it; your helping
D
【详解】
考查it做形式宾语和动名词。句意:如果你愿意再教我一次如何使用这个表达,我将不胜感激。我也一直感谢你在过去帮助我学习英语。I’d appreciate it if如果可以,我将不胜感激,该句型是固定句型,it做形式宾语,排除A和B,appreciate doing感激做某事。故选D。
It really matters _______ he treated the latest failure, for the examination is around the corner.
A.if B.that
C.why D.how
D
【解析】
句意:-由于考试临近了,他如何对待最近的失败关系很大。It为形式主语,主语从句中缺少方式状语,故选D。
The foreign Minister said “ ________ that the two sides will work towards peace”.
A.It is no doubt B.There is our hope
C.There is no wonder D.It is our hope
D
【解析】
考查it作形式主语。句意:外交部长说:“我们的希望是双方朝着和平的方向发展”。 通过分析句子结构,可知引号中的句子把主语从句放在句末,故前面需要 it作形式主语,构成it + 系动词 + 名词 + that从句结构。故选D.
________ is believed that heavy smokers are more likely to develop serious illness.
A.As B.It C.Which D.What
B
【详解】
本题考查it用法。解题步骤:1.确定各选项用法:空格的位置是主语,A. As引导非限制性定语从句;B. It可以作形式主语;C. Which引导主语从句;D. What引导主语从句;2.确定答案:根据believed后面的that可知,这是主语从句后置,前面用形式主语it代替。如果选A,应将that改为逗号,C/D项的话,that前应添加动词。句意:人们认为,烟瘾大的人更容易患重病。故选B。
The financial crisis(危机) and the suffering ________ has caused have a great influence on the whole world.
A.they B.it C.which D.what
B
【详解】
考查定语从句和代词用法。句意:金融危机以及它所带来的灾难对整个世界造成了很大影响。整个句子的主语是the financial crisis and the suffering,the suffering后面引导一个定语从句。定语从句先行词是the suffering,在定语从句里充当的是cause这个词的宾语,用which或that,可以省略。而主语其实是the financial crisis,但是为了避免重复,在定语从句里用代词“it”来替代“the financial crisis”。所以整个定语从句真正缺少的是句子的主语“it”,故选B。
【点睛】
本题中,选项C是较强的干扰项,时需要注意一点:在定语从句当中,如果先行词充当的是定语从句的宾语,那么关系代词是可以省略的。本题就是一个典型。在作定语从句的题时,必须搞清楚先行词在定语从句中充当的句子成分是什么,才能进行正确的选择。
You may rely on_______he'll come to help you.
A.that B.it that
C.whether D.it if
B
【解析】考查it的用法和宾语从句。句意:你可能要依赖他帮助你。rely on意为“依靠”,he’ll come to help you是rely on“依赖”的内容,是rely on的宾语,它是个句子,所以用it作形式宾语,再由that引导该句。故选B。
An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
A.each B.it
C.this D.one
B
【详解】
考查代词。句意:去年平均降雨量18.75cm,是加利福尼亚在1850年成为一个州以来,去年是最干的一年。each用作代词时,在句中可作主语、宾语和同位语。each强调的是“个体”;it可指自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。this 用作代词可用以指叙述中的人或事物,即指前面提到过的人或事物或下文提及的事物; this一般作主语时才指人; 在电话用语中, this用来指代自己。One代替前面出现的可数名词的单数,是同类事物。这里用it代替时间last year,其他的选项代词不能代替时间。故选B。
【点睛】
本题的关键是弄清楚指代的东西是什么。it代替时间last year,别的选项都不能代替时间的概念,所以it是最佳选项,it可指自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。牢记理论用法才能从容应对各种换汤不换药的题目。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My best friends Wang Bing,Liu Hong and I did voluntary work in our neighborhood in last summer. Every morning we would walk around, collected plastic bags, waste paper and cans. This usually took us about one and a half hour to do that. After that, we went to do some housework for the senior people who lived their own. In the afternoon we helped some children do their homework, so their parents were too busy to take care of themselves. Although we were a little tiring every day,yet we were proud of what we have done. We all felt really happily that we could do something meaningful.
第一处:删除in
第二处: collected→collecting
第三处: This →It
第四处:hour →hours
第五处:lived后加on
第六处: so→because
第七处: themselves→them
第八处: tiring→tired
第九处:have→had
第十处: happily→happy
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了去年夏天我和两个好朋友在社区做义工的经历。
【详解】
第一处:考查介词。句意:去年夏天,我和我最好的朋友王冰、刘红在我们社区做义工。last summer作时间状语,前面不需要用介词,in是多余的,故删除in。
第二处:考查非谓语动词。句意:每天早上我们都会四处走走,捡塑料袋、废纸和食品罐。We与collect之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作状语,故collected改为collecting。
第三处:考查形式主语。句意:我们通常要花一个半小时来做这件事。分析句子结构可知此处用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故This改为It。
第四处:考查名词复数。句意同上,one and a half修饰可数名词复数,故hour改为hours。
第五处:考查固定短语。句意:我们去为独自居住的老人做家务。on one’s own表示“独自”,故在lived后加on。
第六处:考查连词。句意:下午,我们帮助一些孩子做作业,因为他们的父母太忙,不能照顾他们。此处表示原因而不是结果,故so改为because。
第七处:考查代词。句意同上,此处指some children而不是父母自己,故themselves改为them。
第八处:考查形容词。句意:虽然我们每天都有些累,但我们为我们所做的感到自豪。修饰人用ed结尾的形容词,表示“感到……的”,故tiring改为tired。
第九处:考查时态。句意同上,此处表示的动作发生在were proud之前,也就是过去的过去,应该用过去完成时,故have改为had。
第十处:考查形容词。句意:我们都很高兴我们能做一些有意义的事情。作felt的表语用形容词,故happily改为happy。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
A man in Los Angeles, US has a very special job — he is a “people walker”. Chuck McCarthy walks with others for $7 per miles. He also makes conversation with them and providing personal interaction which they might not otherwise get it. “We’re on phones and computers constant communicating, so we’re not connecting as much. We need that human interaction,” he said in a interview with The Guardian. McCarthy is happy to lend his ear to the people of Los Angeles and listens to what they have to say. He now has his own company what offers this walking service. He has more than 35 walkers working for her.
Would you like try this service?
第一处:miles→mile
第二处: providing→provides
第三处:删掉it
第四处: constant→constantly
第五处:so→but
第六处:a→an
第七处: listens→listen
第八处: what→that/which
第九处:her→him
第十处: like后加to
【分析】
→本文是一篇说明文,介绍了洛杉矶的一名男子想出了一种新工作——陪别人散步。
【详解】
第一处:考查名词单复数。句意:Chuck McCarthy陪别人散步,每英里7美元。per 后接可数名词单数,故miles改为mile。
第二处:考查谓语动词。句意:他还与他们交谈,并提供他们可能无法得到的个人互动。and 连接两个并列的动作,此处与makes 一致用第三人称单数形式,故providing改为provides。
第三处:考查代词。句意同上,此处为定语从句,which指代先行词personal interaction并在从句中作get的宾语,it是多余的,故删掉it。
第四处:考查副词。句意:我们用电话和电脑不停地交流,但联系得却没有那么多。修饰动词communicating用副词,故constant改为constantly。
第五处:考查连词。句意同上,根据句意可知前后是转折而非因果关系,故so改为but。
第六处:考查冠词。句意:他在接受《卫报》采访时说:“我们需要这种人与人之间的互动”。Interview以元音音素开头,故a改为an。
第七处:考查不定式。句意:McCarthy很乐意倾听洛杉矶人民的心声,听听他们说了些什么。此处为be+adj+to do 结构,前面已经有了不定式符号to,故listens改为listen。
第八处:考查定语从句。句意:他现在拥有一家提供这种陪人散步服务的公司。此处为定语从句,关系词指代先行词his own company并在从句中作主语,故what改为that/which。
第九处:考查代词。句意:他手下有超过35位陪同散步人员为他工作。Chuck McCarthy是男性,故her改为him。
第十处:考查固定搭配。句意:你想尝试一下这种服务么?would you like to do…?表示“你愿意做……?/你想不想……?”,故like后加to。
【点睛】
定语从句是短文改错的常见考点,解答定语从句要分两步走,一是找准先行词,二是判断先行词在从句中所作的成分,例如本篇第八处,分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句,先行词为his own company,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that或which。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The campaign of “Building a Green Campus” had been launched in our school in order to call on us to save resources and raise our awareness of environmentally protection.
Waste on campus can be seen everywhere, where has become an increasingly serious problem. Food is thrown away in the school canteen but plastic bags and chopsticks for single use are dumped everywhere, which will do harms to the environment.
It is for everyone’s responsibility to build a green campus. First of all, we are supposed to continue the campaign of “cleaning the plate”. Instead, we should resist chopsticks for single use and recycle the plastic bags. All these are basic measures protect the environment of our campus.
In the word, building a green campus needs them to make joint efforts by doing small things in our daily life.
第一处:had→has
第二处: environmentally→environmental
第三处: where→which
第四处: but→and
第五处: harms→harm
第六处:删掉for
第七处: Instead→Besides
第八处: measures后加to
第九处: the→a
第十处: them→us
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了我们学校发起建设绿色校园的运动来提高我们的环保意识。
【详解】
第一处:考查时态。句意:为了号召我们节约资源,提高我们的环保意识,我们学校发起了建设绿色校园的运动。此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响,应该用现在完成时,故had改为has。
第二处:考查形容词。句意同上,修饰名词protection用形容词,故environmentally改为environmental。
第三处:考查非限定性定语从句。句意:校园里的垃圾随处可见,这已成为一个日益严重的问题。关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,故where改为which。
第四处:考查连词。句意:食物在学校食堂里被扔掉了,一次性塑料袋和筷子被扔得到处都是,这对环境是有害的。前后是并列而非转折关系,故but改为and。
第五处:考查固定搭配。句意同上,do harm to是固定搭配,表示“对……有害”,故harms改为harm。
第六处:考查介词。句意:建设绿色校园是每个人的责任。此处名词短语everyone’s responsibility作is的表语,for是多余的,故删掉for。
第七处:考查副词。句意:此外,我们应该抵制一次性筷子和循环使用塑料袋。instead表示“反而”,besides表示“此外”,故Instead改为Besides。
第八处:考查不定式。句意:这些都是保护我们校园环境的基本措施。measures后用不定式作定语,表示“……的措施”,故measures后加to。
第九处:考查固定搭配。句意:总之,建设绿色校园需要我们共同努力,从我们日常生活中的小事做起。in a word表示“总之”,故the改为a。
第十处:考查代词。句意同上,根据句意可知此处表示建设绿色校园需要建设绿色校园需要“我们”共同努力,而不是“他们”,故them改为us。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11起)不计分。
Last Sunday our school organized a mountain-climbing activity, which purpose was to inspire us students to take more outdoor exercise. Hundreds of students take part in it. Having gathering at the Xiangshan Park at 8:00, they set out for the top in high spirits. Along the way we enjoyed the beautiful scenery, chatting with each other happy. If someone fell behind, others would come and lend them hand, such as carrying their bags or giving them encouraged words. After about two and a half hour, we all reached the top, where we jumped and cheered with joy.
The activity benefited from us a lot. Not only did we get some exercise, and also we promoted our friendship.
第一处: which→whose
第二处: take→took
第三处: gathering→gathered。
第四处: they →we
第五处: happy→happily
第六处: hand前加a
第七处: encouraged→encouraging
第八处: hour→hours
第九处:去掉from
第十处:and →but
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了学校组织的一次登山活动以及这次活动的意义。
【详解】
第一处:考查非限定性定语从句。句意:上周日,我们学校组织了一次登山活动,其目的是鼓励我们学生进行更多的户外运动。此处为非限定性定语从句,purpose与先行词activity是所属关系,从句中缺少定语, 故which改为whose。
第二处:考查时态。句意:数百名学生参加了这次活动。事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故take改为took。
第三处:考查非谓语动词。句意:八点在香山公园集合后,我们兴高采烈地向山顶进发。gather发生在set out之前,用现在分词的完成式作状语,此处用过去分词,故gathering改为gathered。
第四处:考查代词。句意参考上题解析,根据下文中的“we”可知此处表示“我们”,故they 改为we。
第五处:考查副词。句意:一路上我们欣赏着美丽的风景,愉快地聊天。修饰动词chatting 用副词,故happy改为happily。
第六处:考查冠词。句意:如果有人落后了,其他人会来帮助他们,比如帮他们拎包或说一些鼓励的话。give sb a hand是固定搭配,表示“帮助某人”,故hand前加a。
第七处:考查形容词。句意参考上题解析,修饰名词words用ing结尾的形容词,表示“令人……的”,故encouraged改为encouraging。
第八处:考查名词复数。句意:大约两个半小时后,我们都到达了山顶,在那里我们高兴地跳着欢呼。two and a half 修饰可数名词复数,故hour改为hours。
第九处:考查介词。句意:这次活动使我们受益匪浅。 benefit作及物动词时表示“使……受益”,受益方作宾语,而benefit from表示“受益于”,受益方作主语,故去掉from。
第十处:考查连词。句意:我们不但锻炼了身体,而且增进了友谊。not only…but also…是固定句式,表示“不但……,而且……”,故and 改为but。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加,删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My English teacher, Mr. Black, gave me some advices on how to improve my English several days ago. I think I can learn better than before by following what he said.
According to Mr. Black, we need to practice English as much as possibly. We can do this by listening English programs on the radio and TV, like news programs, teaching programs and films. We should also remember to read English newspapers and books. When we study English, we sometimes came across some similar words which make them confused. It is very importance to get a good dictionary for students, which it is much easier to use than other dictionaries. Don’t forget to keeping diaries, that can help us practice English writing. If we make mistakes, correct them at once and try not to make the same mistakes. I believe if we work hardly and have good ways of learning English, we will learn English well.
1. advices → advice
2. possibly → possible
3. listening后加to
4. came → come
5. them → us
6.importance → important
7. 删除which后的it
8. keeping → keep
9. that → which
10. hardly → hard
【解析】
第一处,将advices改为advice,advice为不可数名词。
第二处,possibly改为possible。as …as possible为固定搭配,尽可能…地。
第三处,在listening后加to。listen为不及物动词,加to才能接宾语,构成listen to短语。
第四处,came改为 come。属于时态错误,此处应为一般现在时态,我们在学英语的时候,有时候会遇到让我们困的相似的单词。
第五处,them改为us。代词用错,根据上下文,应为 “…让我们(us)困惑”。
第六处,将importance改为important。属于词类混用。主系表结构的句子中,通常用形容词作表语,说明主语的状态、性质和特征。
第七处,去掉it。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句,并作主语,it多余,要去掉。
第八处,keeping改为keep。属于非谓语动词错误使用。此处应为不定式,构成forget to do sth. 忘记了要做某事。
第九处,that换成which。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。
第十处,将hardly换成hard。属于易混词误用。work hard 努力学习,hard副词,努力地;hardly 为副词,几乎不。
【名师点睛】
英语短文改错的八个技巧
1. 先将全文通读一遍,弄清文章大意。
2. 判断对错不但要从本行、本句,还要纵观全文。
3. 多词处记住在该词上划斜线。
4. 缺词、错词处别忘了在原文中做记号。
5. 一般的情况下有一个肯定是对的,有一两个是填词或者删词,大多数是改词。
6. 留心逻辑的错误,尤其是动词、人称代词,肯定、否定等。
7. 遇到没把握的地方,千万不要顺便改动。
8. 注意考点分布的广泛性。如名词单复数的变化、代词、形容词等。另外动词时态容易出题,再就是逻辑方面
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2、只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
Last Friday, the students in our school are organized to visit the exhibition on China’s development. We watched some outstanding achievement in China and a guide gave us unusual introduction to the exhibition. While visiting, they were excited and proud of that our nation had achieved. After visited the exhibition, we had a class meeting in the classroom. We worked in groups and delivered a short speech on turn, sharing our thoughts on what we have seen. Neither the exhibition or the class meeting is memorable. We will do nothing but to work hard and make contributions to our country.
are→were
achievement→achievements
unusual前面加上an
they→we
that→what
visited→visiting
on→in
have→had
Neither→Whether
去掉to
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者学校组织参观关于中国发展的展览,并召开主题班会的事情。
【详解】
第一处:考查时态。根据时间状语last Friday,此处应该用一般过去时。故将are改为were。
第二处:考查名词的数。句意:我们看到了中国的一些杰出的成就。根据句意可知,在此处应使用可数名词复数表示泛指,故将achievement改为achievements。
第三处:考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,introduction是可数名词,这里表示“一个不寻常的介绍”,故将unusual前面加上an。
第四处:考查代词。句意:访问期间,我们为我们国家取得的成就感到兴奋和自豪。此处they指代错误,根据句意和语境,故将they改为we。
第五处:考查宾语从句连接词。分析句子结构可知,of后引导宾语从句,that在宾语从句中不能作achieved的宾语,表示“所……的”,故将that改为what。
第六处:考查非谓语动词。根据句中的after可知,其后动词应用-ing形式,故将visited改为visiting。
第七处:考查介词短语。句意:我们分组工作,依次做了一个简短的演讲。in turn意为“轮流”,故将on改为in。
第八处:考查时态。根据语境可知,see的动作发生在work和deliver之前,故用过去完成时,故将have改为had。
第九处:考查连词。句意:无论是展览还是班会都是值得纪念的。whether…or...意为“无论……还是……”,故将Neither改为Whether。
第十处:考查介词。句意:我们只有努力工作并且为我们的国家做出贡献。分析句子结构可知,nothing but后跟to do还是do要看主句中是否有实意动词do,如果有,则but后加动词原形,故去掉to。
【点睛】
一般过去时和过去完成时的区别:
①时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
②过去完成时表示过去的过去,不单独使用,一般和一般过去式一起使用。
③当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before, after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改:在错的词下面划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
One day I was waiting for the bus as usually. When it comes, I just followed the other people and got on. I was listening to my music, but I didn't notice that the bus was going in the wrong of direction. Then I looked out of the window and everything seemed strangely to me. All of sudden, I realized I was on the wrong bus. We were in the middle of the countryside, so he couldn't get off(下车). The bus finally arrived back in the city center. Then I had to wait for the right bus. Unfortunate, it took me three hour to getting home instead of twenty minutes.
1 usually → usual
2. comes → came
3.but → so
4.去掉of
5. strangely → strange
6. sudden前加a
7. he → I
8. Unfortunate → Unfortunately
9. hour→ hours
10.getting → get
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了我一次上错公车的经历。
【详解】
第一处:考查形容词。句意:一天,我像往常一样等公车。as usual表示“像往常一样”,故usually 改为 usual。
第二处:考查时态。句意:车来的时候,我跟着人群上车。事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故comes改为came。
第三处:考查连词。句意:我听着音乐,所以没有注意到公车走错了方向。根据句意可知前后是因果而非转折关系,此处表示结果,故but 改为 so
第四处:考查介词。句意参考上题解析,形容词wrong作定语直接修饰名词direction,故去掉of。
第五处:考查形容词。句意:然后我向窗外望去,一切似乎都很奇怪。作系动词seem的表语用形容词,故strangely改为strange。
第六处:考查固定搭配。句意:突然,我意识到我上错了车。all of a sudden表示“突然”,故sudden前加a。
第七处:考查代词。句意:我无法下车。根据句意可知此处表示“我”,故he改为I。
第八处:考查副词。句意:不幸的是,我花了三个小时而不是二十分钟才到家。修饰句子用副词,故Unfortunate改为Unfortunately。
第九处:考查名词复数。句意参考上题解析,three修饰可数名词复数,故hour改为hours。
第十处:考查非谓语动词。句意参考第八处解析,it takes sb time to do sth表示“某人花多少时间做某事”,故getting 改为get。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
On my way home from school last Friday,I saw a little dog on the sidewalk looking hopelessly. I was held it firmly up in my arms,took it home and feed some milk to it. However,my mom was unwilling to keep them,saying there was enough pets for us,two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally,we agreed that it would be deciding by my dad,whom didn’t return home from work. Just then the girl and her father drove near,searching for their lost pets. When they thanked us taking care of the dog,I felt very happy.
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲了作者在路边捡到一只小狗,把它带回家,悉心照顾着。对于小狗的去留问题,作者和自己的母亲持不同意见。这时,小狗的主人来寻找小狗,因为作者照顾这只狗,他们感谢作者,作者感觉很开心。
【详解】
1.考查形容词。感官动词look之后,用形容词作表语,所以hopelessly改为hopeless。
2.考查语态。“我”和“抱着它”之间是主动关系,所以用主动语态,去掉was。
3.考查时态。根据and前的took可知,表示发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,所以feed改为fed。
4.考查代词。句意:然而,我的妈妈不愿意养它。根据语境可知此处指代前面的“a little dog”,所以them改为it。
5.考查主谓一致。“enough pets”是复数意义,所以be动词用复数,was改成were。
6.考查语态。“它”和“决定”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以deciding改为decided。
7.考查关系代词。先行词是my dad,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,所以whom改为who。
8.考查冠词。句意:就在那时,一个小女孩和她的父亲驾车到附近,寻找他们丢失的宠物。泛指“一个小女孩”,且girl的首字母发音是辅音,所以用不定冠词a,the改为a。
9.考查名词单复数。“他们丢失的宠物”指的是那只小狗,是单数意义,所以pets改成pet。
10.考查介词。这里意思为“因为我们照顾这只狗,他们感谢我们。”表示“因为……”,所以us后加for。
【点睛】
小题7考查非限制性定语从句。现对非限制性定语从句的用法总结如下:
1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导, 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人,用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物, 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如:
The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。
The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.
这部电影很有教育意义, 它的导演是位老人。
2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用 who。例如:
York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.
我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。
Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.
请把这本书交给杰西卡,就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。
3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导, 需用for which替代why。例如:
None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.
我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。
所以第7小题的whom要改为who。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
On my first day in high school, I meet my deskmate. She was the first person I got to knowing in the school and I depended on her great.
She was warm-hearted and helped me get familiar to the new environment. The quality which impressed me most were her determination. When we worked together, I wanted to give up the task sometimes because I found out it difficult. However, my deskmate always encouraged myself to carry on. At last, we solved all the problem through our efforts. That she taught me still affects me now.
I'm lucky enough to make friends with so nice person. May our friendship last forever.
1. meet→met
2. knowing→know
3. great→greatly
4. to→with
5. were →was
6.去掉out
7 myself →me
8. problem→problems
9. That→ What
10. person前加a
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者高中时候和自己同桌的故事。
【详解】
1. 考查动词时态。句意:在高中的第一天,我碰到了我的同桌。本文讲述的是作者在高中时的事,主要时态为一般过去时,此句也应用一般过去时,谓语动词要用过去式。故meet改为met。
2.考查固定短语。句意:她是我在学校认识的第一个人,我非常依赖她。get to do sth.“有机会做某事;被许可做某事;逐渐做某事”。故knowing改为know。
3.考查副词。修饰动词短语depend on应用副词greatly。故great改为greatly。
4.考查固定短语。句意:她很热心,帮助我熟悉新的环境。familiar with“对……熟悉”。故to改为with。
5.考查主谓一致。句意:给我印象最深的品质是她的决心。本句主语为单数名词The quality,故谓语动词应用单数形式。故were改为was。
6.考查固定用法。句意:当我们一起学习时,我有时候想放弃任务因为我发现它很难。固定结构find+宾语(it)+宾补(difficult)。 故去掉out。
7.考查人称代词。句意:然而,我的同桌总是鼓励我要继续下去。短语encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”,故myself改为me。
8.考查名词的数。句意:最后,我们通过努力解决了所有的问题。problem为可数名词,前面有all修饰,故改为复数。故problem改为problems。
9.考查主语从句。句意:她教给我的东西至今仍影响着我。What she taught me,她所教给我的,what引导的主语从句,what在从句中做直接宾语。that引导名词性从句时无词义不做成分。故That改为What。
10.考查冠词。person为可数名词,固定结构“so+形容词+a+可数名词单数”,表示“如此/这样的一个……”。故person前面加a。
【点睛】
名词性从句关键在于三点:一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分(主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分)三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意,近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第九小题考查主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指代事物,故应用what。故That改为What。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下面画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the city center , but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by the subway. We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would introduce them to any friend of mine who is going to Beijing.
1. visit---visited
2. but---so/and
3. subway前的the 去掉
4. comfortably---comfortable
5. were---was
6. for--- with
7.taking---taken
8. dish----dishes
9. such后加 a
10. them---it
【解析】
第一处:考察时态,由于这句话中last month,得知本文讲述的是上个月发生的事情,用一般过去时,故要将visit改为visited .
第二处:考察连词,宾馆位于市中心,很容易乘坐地铁到达各处。前后句是并列或因果关系,因此 but变为so/and.
第三处:考察冠词,by subway乘坐地铁,交通方式前不加冠词,故要subway前的the 去掉.
第四处:考察形容词,我们住在一个舒服的双人间。形容词“舒服的”修饰名词“房间”,故要将comfortably改为comfortable
第五处:考察主谓一致,What I liked best从句做主语,谓语动词用单数,故要将were改为was.
第六处:考察介词,我也和朋友们一起分享我在北京拍摄的照片。“和某人分享某物”share with,故要将for改为with.
第七处:考察非谓语动词,照片和拍摄是被动关系,应该使用过去分词表示被动,故要把taking改为 taken.
第八处:考察名词单复数,根据句意:我们享受了各种各样的当地菜品,得知应该是很多菜,故要将dish改为dishes.
第九处:考察冠词,如此好的酒店such+冠词+形容词+名词,故要在such后加 a.
第十处:考察代词一致,根据“这是如此好的一家酒店”,得知我要把这家酒店介绍给朋友们,应该用单数,故要将them改为it.
【名师点睛】
短文改错考查了词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑,在做短文改错时,一定要细读全文,逐句分析,命题趋势主要包括:
1.一致关系:包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。第一处:考察时态,由于这句话中last month,得知本文讲述的是上个月发生的事情,用一般过去时,故要将visit改为visited .第五处:考察主谓一致,What I liked best从句做主语,谓语动词用单数,故要将were改为was. 第十处:考察代词一致,根据“这是如此好的一家酒店”,得知我要把这家酒店介绍给朋友们,应该用单数,故要将them改为it.
2.平行结构:包括动词与动词相配,形容词与形容词相配,分词与分词相配,不定式与不定式相配等。常由并列连词或词组连接。如:and, or , but,neither…nor…, as well as 等. 第二处:考察连词,宾馆位于市中心,很容易乘坐地铁到达各处。前后句是并列或因果关系,因此 but变为so/and.
3.非谓语动词的用法:如to的省略,过去分词与现在分词的误用等。第七处:考察非谓语动词,照片和拍摄是被动关系,应该使用过去分词表示被动,故要把taking改为 taken.
4.多余词:常常是介词、冠词、副词等的多余。第三处:考察冠词,by subway乘坐地铁,交通方式前不加冠词,故要subway前的the 去掉.
5.词性的混用。第四处:考察形容词,我们住在一个舒服的双人间。形容词“舒服的”修饰名词“房间”,故要将comfortably改为comfortable
6.行文逻辑判断等。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Recently, our school has been taken a tough measure to forbid students to bring mobile phones to school. However,some students break this rule and even play with their mobile phones in class,that makes their parents and teachers frustrating. The disadvantages of students bringing mobile phones to school are as follow. First,mobile phones can distract(分散)students attention. Second, some students must visit some unhealthy websites which are bad their development. What’s worse, some students are likely to compare their mobile phones with their classmates’.
Personally, I consider that reasonable to ban mobile phones in schools, but I am strongly in support of the school rule. Only in this way can we devote yourselves to our study and achieve our goals.
删掉been
that→which
frustrating→frustrated
follow→follows
students→students’
must→may/might/can
bad后面加上for
that→it
but→so/and
yourselves→ourselves
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文,作者介绍了学生带手机上学的弊端,并支持学校禁止学生带手机上学的规定。
【详解】
第一处: 考查语态。句意:最近,我们学校采取了一项严厉的措施,禁止学生带手机上学。our school与 take之间是主动关系,不用被动语态,故删掉been。
第二处:考查非限定性定语从句。句意:然而,一些学生违反了这一规定,甚至在课堂上玩手机,这让他们的父母和老师感到沮丧。此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中做主语,that不能引导非限定性定语从句,故that改为which。
第三处:考查形容词。句意参考上题解析,修饰人用ed结尾的形容词,表示“感到……的”,故frustrating改为frustrated。
第四处:考查名词复数。句意:学生带手机上学有以下弊端。下文介绍了不止一个弊端,所以此处用可数名词复数,故follow改为follows。
第五处:考查名词所有格。句意:首先,手机会分散学生的注意力。attention 与students之间是所属关系,应该用名词所有格,表示“学生们的”,故 students改为students’。
第六处:考查情态动词。句意:其次,一些学生可能会访问一些不健康的网站,这对他们的发展是有害的。根据句意可知此处表示“可能”,故must改为may/might/can。
第七处:考查介词。句意参考上题解析,be bad for表示“对……有害/不利”,故bad后面加上for。
第八处:考查形式宾语。句意:我认为在学校禁止使用手机是合理的,(所以)我强烈支持学校的规定。分析句子结构可知此处用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式,故that改为it。
第九处:考查连词。句意参考上题解析,根据句意可知前后分句是并列或因果关系,故but改为so/and。
第十处:考查代词。句意:只有这样,我们才能全身心地投入到学习中,实现我们的目标。“we”表明此处用ourselves,故yourselves改为ourselves。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改句子,请你修改你同桌写的以下句子。句中 共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下面划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
1.Determined to be on time, Mr. Smith got the work finish ahead of time.
2.This woman hangs out every weekend. I guess she mustn't have young children.
3.I looked angry at the person who was singing all morning,
4.I remember you asked me last Monday if I can lend you my bike.
5.Please tell him not announce the results before the end of the month.
6.She told me that the year ago she had broken her wrist carelessly.
7.In the past, if I had wanted to see them, I would have had to visit my children in a person.
8.We all liked Mrs. Green because he used to explain things with lots of practical examples and simplified things.
9.I work for the government so I am accustomed to do a lot of paperwork.
10.At first it was a subject full of strange word to me.
1.finish→finished
2.mustn't→can't
3.angry→angrily
4.can→could
5.在announce前加to
6.ago→before
7.去掉a
8.he→she
9.do→doing
10.word→words
【分析】
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:决心要准时,史密斯先生提前结束了工作。此处是“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,动词finish和宾语the work之间是动宾关系,应使用过去分词作宾语补足语。故将finish改为finished。
2.考查情态动词。句意:这个女人每周末都闲逛。我猜想她可能没有小孩子。此处在否定句种表示推测,“可能没有”应使用can't,mustn’t表示“禁止”,不符合题意。故将mustn’t改为can't。
3.考查副词。句意:我生气地看着那个一早上都在唱歌的人。修饰动词looked应使用副词形式,故将angry改为angrily。
4.考查时态。句意:我记得你上周一问我能否把我的自行车借给你。根据last Monday可知,此处使用一般过去时。故将can改为could。
5.考查固定搭配。句意:请告诉他在月底前不要宣布结果。tell sb.not to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“告诉某人做某事”,故在announce前加to。
6.考查副词。句意:她告诉我前年她不小心扭伤了手腕。ago表示“从现在起的若干时间以前”,常和一般过去时连用,而before表示“从过去起的若干时间以前”,常和过去完成时连用,本句表示从过去某时起若干时间以前,应用before,故将ago改为before。
7.考查固定短语。句意:在过去,如果我想见他们,我就不得不亲自去看孩子。in person是固定短语,意为“亲自”,a多余,故去掉a。
8.考查代词。句意:我们都喜欢格林夫人,因为她过去常常用实用的例子和简化的东西解释事情。指代“Mrs. Green”应使用she,故将he改为she。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:我在政府部门工作,所以我习惯处理很多文书工作。be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“习惯做某事”,故此处使用动名词形式,故将do改为doing。
10.考查名词复数。句意:起初它是一门对我来说充满陌生单词的学科。word是可数名词,根据full of可知,此处应使用复数形式表示泛指。故将word改为words。
下列每个句子中有一处语言错误。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
1.Seldom Jane invite her friends to her birthday party in the past.
2.Whatever much I respect him, I can't agree with him this time.
3.Quite frankly, I would rather he comes to the party to be held tonight.
4.Today, we'll discuss some cases when students fail to behave themselves properly.
5.Recent research has thrown new lights on the causes of the disease.
6.Do you know the handsome young man who Jimmy shook hands just now?
7.Some live-stream shopping hosts on Taobao take the advantage of e-commerce platforms to help farmers sell their produce online.
8.Seeing the trouble Frank was in, people in the community offered any help he could give so that he could live through the cold winter.
9.If caught cheat in examinations, you will have to suffer heavy punishment.
10.Unless some measures are taken now, hundreds of plant and animal species will die away.
1.Seldom 后加 did
2.Whatever→However
3.come → came
4.when → where
5.lights → light
6.hands 后加 with
7.the 去掉
8.第一个 he → they
9.cheat→cheating
10.away→out
【分析】
1.考查部分倒装。句意:过去简很少邀请朋友来参加她的生日聚会。当seldom位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装,即将助动词、be动词或情态动词提前到主语之前,此处句子动词为invite,应添加助动词,结合后文in the past可知为一般过去时,应添加did。故Seldom 后加 did。
2.考查让步状语从句。句意:不管我多么尊重他,这次我不能同意他的观点。引导让步状语从句,表示“不管”应用however,whatever表示“无论什么”不符合语境。故Whatever改为However。
3.考查虚拟语气。句意:坦率地说,我宁愿他来参加今晚举行的聚会。would rather之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气,表示现在或将来不能实现的愿望时,从句谓语动词用过去式。故come 改为 came。
4.考查定语从句。句意:今天,我们将讨论学生行为不当的一些情况。此处为定语从句修饰先行词cases,且先行词在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where。故when 改为 where。
5.考查固定短语。句意:最近的研究使人们对这种疾病的起因有了新的认识。根据句意表示“使人对……有了新的认识”可知短语为throw new light on,该短语为固定短语,故lights 改为 light。
6.考查固定短语。句意:你认识刚才和吉米握手的那个英俊的年轻人吗?结合句意表示“和某人握手”短语为shake hands with sb.,该短语为固定短语,故hands 后加 with。
7.考查固定短语。句意:一些淘宝上的直播购物主持人利用电子商务平台帮助农民在网上销售他们的农产品。结合句意表示“利用”可知短语为take advantage of。故the 去掉。
8.考查代词。句意:看到弗兰克所处的困境,社区里的人们提供了他们能提供的一切帮助,使他能够度过寒冷的冬天。结合语境此处指“社区里的人们提供了他们能提供的一切帮助”应用代词they。故第一个 he 改为 they。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果在考试中作弊被抓住,你将受到严厉的惩罚。if引导状语从句时,常省略和主句相同的主语和be动词,此处表示“某人被抓住正在做某事”短语为sb. be caught doing sth.,故应用现在分词作主补。故cheat改为cheating。
10.考查动词短语。句意:除非现在采取一些措施,否则数百种植物和动物将会灭绝。结合句意表示“灭绝”可知短语为die out;die away表示“风、声音减弱,凋零”不符合语境。故away改为out。
1.Meet my teacher, after all thirty years in Boston, was an unforgettable moment for me, one I will always treasure.
2.From the puzzling look on the students" faces, I know they didn’t understand me clearly.
3.The government is trying hard to have the people’s living standard risen.
4.I will not go to the party unless being invited.
5.Mum promised to buy an English-English dictionary to me as a present.
6.All the neighbors admire this family that the parents are treating their child like a friend.
7.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year; 80% of them are sold abroad.
8.— Come on in. I have a gift for you.
— Oh, that’s so nice of you! I never thought you will give me a gift.
9.I’ll appreciate that if you can phone me to tell me the exact time.
10.What was reported in the newspaper that fewer traffic accidents happened this year.
1.Meet改为Meeting
2.puzzling改为puzzled
3.risen改为raised
4.将being去掉
5.to改为for
6.that改为where或in which
7.them改为which
8.will改为would
9.that改为it
10.What改为It
【分析】
1.考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词是was 故做主语的动词应该用动名词。句意:三十年后见我的老师是令人难以忘记的时刻,我将珍惜。故Meet改为Meeting
2.考查形容词。修饰人的表情的应该用“ed”形式的形容词。故puzzling改为puzzled。句意:从学生的迷惑不解的表情,我知道他们没有理解。
3.考查非谓语动词。本剧的谓语动词是have 故后面的动词应该用非谓语动词,因为含有被动故用过去分词。句意:政府正尽力提高人们的生活标准。故risen改为raised
4.考查非谓语动词。现在分词的一般被动式表示动作的正在进行。此处不表示正在进行。句意:除非被邀请, 否则我不会去参加晚会。故将being去掉
5.考查固定搭配。buy…for…给某人买某物。句意:妈妈承诺给我买本英英字典作为礼物。故to改为for
6.考查定语从句。后面的句子缺状语故该用副词或介词加关系代词来引导定语从句。句意:所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭,父母像朋友一样对待孩子。故that改为where或in which
7.考查定语从句。这是两句话需要连词连接,故them改为which指代shoes 。句意:这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋子,百分之八十售往国外。
8.考查时态。“不给我买礼物”是作者之前对你的认识。故应该用过去将来时。故will改为would
9.考查代词。it指代后面的if引导的条件状语从句。句意:如果你在合适的时候给我打电话我将不胜感激。故that改为it
10.考查主语从句。能够指代that引导的从句只能是it。句意:近年发生的交通事故更少在新闻中报道了。故What改为It
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
In our daily life, we often meet with difficulties. Some people do nothing but wait, while others try hard to conquer77.. Personally, we should face with difficulties positively and make every effort to overcome them.
My memory drew me back to five years ago when I was 78. middle school student. At that time, I had great trouble studying English. First of all, I felt it hard to memorize English 79.(word). Besides I didn’t dare to say anything in class when 80. (ask) questions. What annoyed me most was that I failed exams 81.(constant). I was about to give up 82. my English teacher found my problems. He encouraged me and gave me some good advice. So 83. (inspire) by him, I decided to settle my problems.84.(follow) his advice, I made progress gradually. I owe my achievement 85. the teacher whose encouragement was of great 86..(important).
77.them
78.a
79.words
80.asked
81.constantly
82.when
83.inspired
84.Following
85.to
86.importance
【分析】
本文是记叙文。这篇文章主要讲了在我们的生活中我们会遇到很多麻烦,以及我们应该如何面对这些麻烦.
77.考查代词。句意:而其他人努力地攻克它们。根据句意可知用them代替前面的difficulties.故填them。
78.考查冠词。 句意:我是一名中学生。表示泛指“一个”用不定冠词。故填a。
79.考查名词。句意:我感到记住英语单词很难。根据句意可知此处用名词的复数形式,故填words。
80.考查动词时态语态。 句意:我被问问题的时候。根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态,故填was asked。
81.考查副词。副词修饰动词,故填constantly。
82.考查固定句式。 固定句式:was/were about to do sth.---when---,正要做某事,这时候---。故填when。
83.考查形容词。句意:我受到他的鼓舞,我决定解决我的问题。此处是过去分词做原因状语,故填inspired。
84.考查非谓语动词。 句意:按着他的建议,我渐渐地取得进步。此处是现在分词作方式状语,故填Following。注意大写开头。
85.考查介词。 固定词组:owe---to---,把---归功于----。故填to。
86.考查名词 great修饰名词,故填importance。
【点睛】
1.主语+was/were doing--- when...did---,主语 正在做某事,这时候---。
I was doing my homework when she walked in.她进来的时候我正在做作业.
2.主语+was/were about to do--- when...did---,主语 将要做某事,这时候---。
I was about to do my homework when she walked in.她进来的时候我正要做作业.
3.主语+had done ---when---did---.刚刚做完某事,这时候---。He had arrived home when it began to rain.他刚到家这时候天开始下雨。
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Life is often a matter of waiting for the right moment to act. Sun Yang was the first Chinese man 87. (win) an Olympic gold medal in swimming. That moment 88. (come) last month, when he won the men’s 200-meter freestyle event at the Asian Games.
Sun has accomplished a Golden Grand Slam, having won the 200, 400 and 1, 500-meter freestyle events at the Asian Games, World Championships and Olympic Games. His 89. (patient) and persistence have paid off. The 26-year-old swimmer told Xinhua News Agency, “Not many swimmers could have waited for eight years over three Asian Games like me. My dream has 90. (final) come true.”
While Sun stood on a podium (领奖台) 91. (listen) to the Chinese national anthem (国歌) along with the silver and bronze medal winners, a technical problem caused the nedalists’ flags to drop to the ground. Sun jumped off the podium, walked over to the officials and demanded that the flags again. 92. the end, the officials held the flags up themselves as China’s national anthem played a second time.
Many Chinese Internet users thought Suns reaction to the incident to be an act of patriotism (爱国主义). “93. is great to win the championship, but94.(see) our national flag go up again is also very important. Winning the title is an achievement 95. will be remembered, but raising the flag again is also of great 96. (important).”
87.to win
88.came
89.patience
90.finally
91.listening
92.In
93.It
94.seeing
95.that/which
96.importance
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。生命就是一个等待正确时刻去做出决定的过程。文章主要讲述了在奥运会上金牌获得者孙杨要求官员把掉下来的国旗再次升起的事情,表现了他的爱国之心。
87.考查不定式作定语。句式the first to do sth.“第一个做…的人”,to do作定语。孙杨是第一个赢得奥运会游泳金牌的人。故填to win。
88.考查时态。时态是一般过去时,谓语动词come过去式是came,故填came。
89.考查名词。His“他的”,形容词性物主代词,后接名词。他的耐心和坚持得到回报了。故填patience。
90.考查副词。此处副词finally修饰谓语动词短语come true“实现”。我的梦想最终实现了。
91.考查非谓语动词。主语Sun与listen之间逻辑上是主谓关系,非谓语doing形式表示主动和正在进行,故填listening。当孙杨站在台上听着国歌时。
92.考查固定搭配。短语in the end“最后,结果”。最后,当中国国歌第二次升起来时,官员们自己举着中国的国旗。故填In。
93.考查It作形式主语。常用句式It+be+adj.+to do sth.“做...是...”,It 是形式主语,真正的主语是to do sth.部分。赢得冠军是很棒。故填It。
94.考查动名词做主语。谓语动词是is,see属于主语部分,用动名词形式。看着我们的国旗第二次升起也是非常重要的。故填seeing。
95.考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句先行词是achievement ,是物,引导词在从句中充当主语,故用that/which。赢得称号是一种将被记住的成就。
96.考查名词。此处在介词of后用名词,故填importance。但再次升起国旗也是十分重要的。
【点睛】
It作形式主语的常见结构:
It+ be+形容词+that从句。常用于此的形容词有:necessary, clear, strange, true, important, possible, surprising, likely等。
It+ be+过去分词+that从句。常用于此的过去分词有:said, reported, hoped, believed, known, expected等。
It+ seems/ happens/ appears/ doesn’t matter/ makes no difference +that/ whether从句。
语法填空
1.Many westerners _________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _________ can be to eat out.
2.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _________ (cause).
3.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government _________ (start) a soil-testing program _________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
4.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________ is not good for the health.
5.But Sarah, ___________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants __________(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
1. who/that it
2. that或which causes
3. started that或者which
4.which
5. who to prove
【分析】
本题为单句语法填空题,主要考查了考生对一些基本语法的掌握和运用能力,尤其是定语从句的考查较多。
1.考查定语从句。句意:当许多西方人发现外出就餐是多么的便宜时,他们来中国做的饭比在自己的国家做的饭要少的多。第一空所在的句子是定语从句,先行词是westerners,指人,从句中缺少主语,故填who/that。
考查代词。根据句意可知,此处要用it作形式主语,后面的不定式to eat out作真正的主语,故填it。
2.考查定语从句。句意:该研究报告的两位作者还在2014年发表的一项研究中指出,每天跑步5到10分钟可以降低心脏病和各种原因导致的过早死亡的风险。此句为定语从句,先行词是study,指物,从句中缺少主语,故填that或which。
考查名词。设空前的all是不定代词,表示“所有”的意思,所给词cause在此处是可数名词,要用其复数形式,故填causes。
3.考查时态。句意:中国农业部(Ministry of Agriculture)发现,从2005年政府开始向农民提供具体肥料建议的土壤测试计划,到2011年,化肥使用量下降了770万吨。根据时间状语2005可知,要用一般过去式,故填started。
考查定语从句。此句为定语从句,先行词是program,指物,从句缺少主语,故填that或which。
4.考查定语从句。句意:像其他任何东西一样,两者都过量是有可能的,这对健康不好。分析句式结构可知,这是一个非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,且关系词指代整个主句的内容,故填which。
5.考查定语从句。句意:但是,莎拉已经和一些世界顶级名模一起参加了时装表演,她想证明她不仅有美貌,还有头脑。本句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是Sarah,指人,从句缺少主语,故填who。
考查固定用法。want to do sth是固定用法,意思是“想要做某事”,故填to prove。
【点睛】
定语从句是高考重要考点,主要从关系词上考查考生的运用能力,在做定语从句的题时需做到三点:准确判定先行词;分析从句句子成分;找准关系词。先行词是从句所要修饰限定的词,常常是名词或代词,还要知道是指人还是指物;分析句子成分主要是区别关系代词和关系副词,尤其是先行词是表地方或时间时;关系词如何选择,一方面要根据先行词和从句所缺成分,另一方面要掌握各个先行词的用法。本题中的5个小题均考到了定语从句,就以第5小题为例,首先该句的先行词是Sarah,指人,由此可以判断使用关系词that/who,再进一步分析句式,这是个非限制性定语从句,根据关系词that的用法,它不能用于非限制性定语从句故不能用that,故此句由who引导,作从句的主语。
Be cautious of Friday the 13th!Many people think the day is unlucky.102.(fortune), there's only one Friday the 13th this year. As the legend goes,you should try not 103.(break)any mirrors,walk under a ladder,or even spill any salt. Why?Researchers say104. is tough to find out how the tradition came into being. Many believe it has 105.(religion)origins. In the Christian faith,there were 13 guests at table for the Last Supper,which was held the day before the Friday106.Jesus died. Now,Friday the 13h has become a cultural wonder. Many Americans avoid the number 13 all together,107.(include)hotel rooms and airplane seat assignments. It even costs couples less to get married on the day. There are many other108.(explain)behind the luckless day. Simon Bronner,a professor of American studies at Pennsylvania State. University,109.(believe)Friday the 13h is a way for people to pin their bad luck to a certain cause:. The fact should be110.there's nothing special about the number itself. After all,the number 13 111.(consider)to be lucky in some countries,like Italy
102.Fortunately
103.to break
104.it
105.religious
106.when
107.including
108.explanations
109.believes
110.that
111.is considered
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。在美国人们觉得星期五和数字13是不好的运气,在住酒店结婚等场合都避免使用它们。但是宾夕法尼亚大学教授Simon Bronner认为只是人们把坏运气归因于星期五和数字13。
102.考查副词。根据句子结构可知,空格处的单词是作状语的,应该用副词。故填Fortunately。
103.考查固定搭配。try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”,try not to do sth.尽力不做某事。故填to break。
104.考查it作形式主语。分析句子结构可知,say后面是宾语从句,缺主语,分析句意可知,搞清楚这个传统是怎样产生的很难。不定式短语 to find out how the tradition came into being是真正的主语。为了保持句子平衡,应该用it作形式主语,而把不定式短语放到后面。故填it。
105.考查形容词。名词origins应该用形容词来修饰。故填religious。
106.考查定语从句引导词。the Friday为定语从句的先行词,在后面从句中作时间状语,星期前面用on,所以定语从句的引导词是when或on which。故填when。
107.考查介词+doing用法。include是动词,分析句子结构可知,整个句子是单句,include在这里不作谓语,需要用它的介词形式,后面跟介词宾语。故填including。
108.考查名词。由前面的are和many可知,此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填explanations。
109.考查时态。分析上下文可知,此篇文章主要时态是一般现在时,本句主语是单数,所以要用believe的单三形式。故填believes。
110.考查表语从句引导词。本句中should be后面是表语从句,从句内容完整。故填that。
111.考查一般现在时被动语态。根据句意和句子结构可知,the number 13和consider是被动关系,又分析上文知道,这里应该用一般现在时,the number 13是单数主语,所以要用一般现在时的被动语态,be动词用is。故填is considered。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last weekend, I was lucky enough 112. (tour) the World Heritage city of Pingyao in Shanxi province. The ancient city 113. (preserve) within the original city wall.
The highlight (最精彩部分) of our tour was a visit 114. the famous Qiao family compound (乔家大院), about 30 kilometers north of Pingyao. It was 115. the Chinese film Raise the Red Lantern was shot, directed by Zhang Yimou in 1991. We went in the evening and the warm, clear weather made it the perfect time to appreciate this 18th century marvel (奇迹) of Chinese architecture. Qiao Guifa started building 116. compound in 1756 during the Qing Dynasty.
Who was he? Qiao began life as a servant, 117. rose to become one of the most successful 118. (businessman) of the age. The large, splendid home he established 119. (have) six main courtyards, 20 smaller ones and 313 rooms in all. Qiao lived there with his family and dozens of servants, as did later generations of his family.
120. may surprise you to hear that one of the best parts of the trip was the hotel I stayed in. It was no 5-star place, but an authentic 18th century building. As I dropped off to sleep in the 121. (comfort) bed in my simple room, I felt as if I had traveled back to another century.
112.to tour/to have toured
113.is preserved/has been preserved
114.to
115.where
116.the
117.but
118.businessmen
119.has/had
120.It
121.comfortable
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了我在参观平遥古城时乔家大院给我留下了深刻的印象。
112.考查非谓语动词。句意:上周末,我很幸运地参观了山西省的世界遗产平遥古城。be+adj+to do表示“做某事是……的”,也可以理解成非谓语表示的动作发生在was lucky之前,所以用不定式的完成式,故填to tour/to have toured。
113.考查时态语态。句意:这座古城保留在原始的城墙之内。The ancient city 与preserve之间是被动关系,陈述的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,也可以理解成为过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时的被动语态,故填is preserved/has been preserved。
114.考查介词。句意:我们这次旅行最精彩的部分是参观了著名的乔家大院。a visit to表示“去……的参观”,故填to。
115.考查表语从句。句意:1991年张艺谋导演的中国电影《大红灯笼高高挂》就是在这里拍摄的。分析句子结构可知此处为表语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。
116.考查定冠词。句意:乔贵发在清朝1756年开始盖这个大院。compound在文中第二次出现,应该用定冠词表特指,故填the。
117.考查连词。句意:乔贵发起初是一个仆人,但后来成长为那个时代最成功的商人之一。根据句意可知前后是转折关系,故填but。
118.考查名词复数。句意同上,one of后接可数名词复数,故填businessmen。
119.考查时态。句意:他盖的这座富丽堂皇的大院共有6个主要庭院,20个较小的庭院和313个房间。陈述的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时,也可理解成发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,故填has/had。
120.考查形式主语。句意:听到旅行中最精彩的部分之一就是我入住的酒店,也许你会感到很惊讶。此处用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故填It。
121.考查形容词。句意:当我在简朴的房间里躺在舒适的床上入睡时,我感到仿佛回到了另一个世纪。修饰名词bed用形容词,表示“舒适的”,故填comfortable。
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Do you know how122.is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元)in our brains.
123.(put) simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that 124. we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about 125. we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes 126.(far):mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Recently, researchers 127.(find) that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that 128. they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered 129. when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully 130.(function). However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research does mirror that neurons seems to provide us with even more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge 131.(cough) in the cinema when someone else does-well, perhaps you’ll understand why.
122.it
123.Put
124.every time/each time
125.how
126.further
127.have found
128.if/when
129.as
130.functioning
131.to cough
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。我们大脑中含有的神经元不仅让我们跟着别人的动作做,它也为我们理解他人提供了生物学基础。
122.考查it作形式主语。句意:你知道当你看到别人打哈欠,你自己也开始打哈欠是如何发生的吗?这是一个宾语从句,从句部分又是一个主语从句,从句缺主语,且主语为when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too,应用it来代替。故填it。
123.考查过去分词作状语。句意:简而言之,神经元的存在意味着,每次我们看到别人做一件事情,我们的大脑会模仿它,无论我们实际上有没有进行这样的动作。“put simply”意为“简而言之”,是固定搭配,由于是道理被简单地说,所以应使用过去分词形式表达被动意义。故填Put。
124.考查状语从句的连词。句意同上。这是一个时间状语从句。“每次”翻译为“every time/each time”,引导时间状语从句,故填every time/each time。
125.考查宾语从句。句意:这能够很好地解释我们如何学习笑、说话、走路、跳舞与运动。“This”指代的是上一句话,解释的是我们学习的方式,故此处宾语从句填从属连词how。
126.考查副词比较级。句意:但是这个想法可以解释地更深远:神经元不仅能解释身体动作,它们还能告诉我们我们理解别人是有生理基础的。从not only…but also…可知,这句话是递进关系,所以是对神经元意义的进一步挖掘。且空格处单词修饰动词goes,所以用副词的比较级形式。故填further。
127.考查现在完成时。句意:最近,研究者已经发现神经元与语言密切相关。由Recently可知,这句话使用现在完成时。主语researchers为名词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。故填have found。
128.考查状语从句连接词。句意:一组研究者发现当(如果)他们给人们听一些句子的时候,同样的镜面神经元被触发,如同实际动作发生时一样。由两个括弧内的注释可知,这是将两种情形进行对比。所以空格处单词与后半句中的when是并列关系,提出一个条件可以用时间状语从句也可以用条件状语从句,故填if/when。
129.考查定语从句。句意同上。the same...as与......一样,是固定搭配,as翻译为“如同”,引导定语从句,修饰the same mirror neurons,故填as。
130.考查现在进行时。句意:很多研究指出有社会行为问题的人的神经元没有正常运行。这是一个定语从句,从句的主语mirror neurons与谓语动词function之间是主动关系,故填functioning。
131.考查不定式做宾补。句意:下次在电影院,当你看到别人咳嗽你也想咳嗽的时候,也许你就能理解为什么了。“the urge to do sth.”为动词短语,表示“做……的欲望”。故填to cough。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you have sleeping problems? If so, then these tips may help you fall asleep fast.
Set aside the thought that you have to fall asleep. The more you think of it, the 132.( hard )you will fall asleep.
The foods you eat also play 133.important part. Avoid eating or drinking things like chocolates, coffee, tea and energy drinks. If you have to, then have them in the morning and never in the afternoon, 134.(especial) before going to bed. Don’t eat too much at night. A full stomach will make it more difficult for you 135.(fall)asleep because your body is working more time to digest the food you ate.
Make a fixed time to go to bed. For example, by 9 o’clock in the evening you should already be 136.bed. Do this even if you’re not sleepy yet. Once 137.(follow) this routine, you will gradually see that you will feel sleepy when it’s 9 o’clock in the evening.
Make your room 138.(comfort) for sleeping. You should also take notes that the sleeping environment also 139.(affect) your sleep. It must be in the room 140.it’s not noisy. Otherwise, you will find 141.difficult to fall asleep again after waking up.
132.harder
133.an
134.especially
135.to fall
136.in
137.following
138.comfortable
139.affects
140.where
141.it
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。你有失眠问题吗?如果有,那么文章中给出的这些小建议也许对你有用。
132.考查固定搭配。句意:你想的越多,你入睡就越困难。“The 比较级……the 比较级”为固定搭配,意为“越……就越……”。故填harder。
133.考查固定搭配。句意:你所吃的事物也起到很大的作用。“play an important part”为固定搭配,意为“起到重要作用”。故填an。
134.考查副词修饰句子。句意:如果你不得不吃这些东西的话,那么就在早上吃吧。千万不要在下午,尤其是睡前吃。副词修饰句子,故填especially。
135.考查固定搭配。句意:吃的太撑会使得你入睡很困难,因为你的身体依旧在消化你所吃的东西。Sth. make it difficult/easy/hard… for sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“某事使得做某事对于某人来说很困难”,故填to fall。
136.考查固定搭配。句意:例如,晚上9点之前你应该已经上床睡觉了。be in bed为固定搭配,意为“上床睡觉”,故填in。
137.考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦你遵从这个规律,你会逐渐地发现一到晚上9点你就会感到疲倦。分析句子可知,该句的谓语动词是see,故follow是非谓语动词,且与主语是主动关系,故填following。
138.考查形容词做后置定语。句意:使得你的房间适合于睡觉。形容词做后置定语修饰your room,故填comfortable。
139.考查谓语动词。句意:你也应该注意到的是,睡觉环境也会影响到你的睡眠。affect在此处做从句中的谓语,主语sleeping environment是第三人称单数,且该句应该用一般现在时,故填affects。
140.考查限制的定语从句。句意:它必须是在一个不吵闹的房间里。先行词in the room在从句中做地点状语,故填where。
141.考查it做形式宾语。句意:否则,你会发现醒来之后在此入睡很困难。此处it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式to fall asleep again after waking up,故填it。
根据句中所给汉语,完成下列句子。
1.他恰好正与村长讲话,不幸被一个石块打中了。
He ________ ________ be talking with the man in ________ of the village ________ he was hit by a stone.
2.只有在吃对了食物的情况下,你才能够避免生病。
________ ________ you eat the correct foods ________ you be able to escape ________ from illness.
3.大家普遍认为,教学既是一门科学,也是一门艺术。
It is generally believed ________ teaching is ________ ________ an art ________ a science.
4.虽然当时没受到高度评价,但达·芬奇还是拥有许多像蒙娜丽莎那样的巨作。
Although ________ ________ ________ ________ in his time, Da Vinci had many great works of art like Mona Lisa.
5.当第一次看到这本书时,我就确定它是我的。
________ ________ ________ I saw the book, I was quite sure it belonged to ________.
1.happened to charge when
2.Only if (when) will suffering
3.that as much as
4.not highly thought of
5.The first time me
【解析】
1.考查固定搭配和时间状语从句引导词。根据汉语提示,“恰好做…”翻译为happen to do,固定短语in charge of意为“负责…”,句中he was hit by a stone是一个由when引导的时间状语从句,故翻译为:(1). happened (2). to (3). charge (4). when
2.考查固定句式和固定搭配。根据汉语提示,句式“只有…才…”翻译为only if…,此句式主句要用部分倒装,所以把will提前主语you前,且短语escape sth. from sth.意为“从…中逃脱…”,escape后接名词,名词suffering“苦难,痛苦”,故翻译为:(1). Only (2). if (when) (3). will (4). suffering
3.考查主语从句引导词和固定搭配。根据汉语提示,believed后接that引导的主语从句,it是形式主语;固定搭配“as+much/many+名词+as+名词”翻译为“和…一样多”,故翻译为:(1). that (2). as (3). much (4). as
4.考查省略句和固定搭配。根据汉语提示,“没受到高度评价”翻译为be not highly thought of,此处是although引导的让步主语从句,逻辑主语是Da Vinci,故从句省略了主语和be,故翻译为:(1). not (2). highly (3). thought (4). of
5.考查时间状语从句和代词。根据汉语提示,“当第一次”翻译为the first time…,动词短语belong to后接宾语,故用me,故翻译为:(1). The (2). first (3). time (4). me
【点睛】
第3小题考查主语从句引导词和it作形式主语的用法。动词不定式,动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前,而用it作形式主语,放到句首,常见句型有:
1.It+be形容词+主语从句,如:
It is uncertain whether he can come to the party or not.
2.It+be 名词词组+主语从句,这类名词有:a fact,a pity,a shame,an honor等,如:
It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
3.It+be 过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,show等,如:
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
4.It+be 形容词+for sb.+动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible等作表语,有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加加or sb.如:
It's necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.
It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
5. It+be+名词或容词+动名词,这类名词和形容词常常是:good,no good,no use,a waste of,useless,senseless等,如:
It's a waste of time talking to her any more.
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
杰西卡看到露易丝,向她挥手。
Jessica caught sight of Lois and ________________.
waved to her
【详解】
考查动词时态。“向……挥手”是wave to sb.,作介词宾语“她”用her。And连接并列的两个动词,和caught一致用一般过去时。故填waved to her。
我想知道你能不能帮我一个忙。(wonder if/whether)
_____________________________ you would mind doing me a favour.
I wonder if/whether
【详解】
考查动词时态。根据句意及提示词可知,此处使用I wonder if/whether补全句子,if/whether引导宾语从句,主语使用I,句子描述的是目前的情况,应使用一般现在时。故填I wonder if/whether。
The house ____________ (保护我们免受) the wind and the sun. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
shelters us from
【详解】
考查固定短语。句意:这所房子为我们挡风遮阳。“保护……免受”是固定短语shelter…from,“我们”作宾语用宾格us,主语The house是单数,谓语动词与之一致用第三人称单数形式,语境表明陈述的是客观情况,用一般现在时,故填shelters us from。
我们希望你来看望我们。
We ________________________ come and visit us.
would like you to
【详解】
考查固定短语和人称代词。句意:我们希望你来看望我们。would like sb. to do sth.为固定短语,意为“希望某人做某事”;you你。故填would like you to。
A famous doctor is going to ____________ for his illness.
一位著名的医生要治疗他的病。
treat him
【详解】
考查固定搭配。根据汉语提示及该空后的介词for可知,该空考查固定短语 treat sb for,该短语意为“给某人医治,为某人治病”,根据该空前的“is going to”可知,其后跟动词原形treat;“他”的宾格是him。故填 treat him。
The child was crying, so the nurse had got to give him some toys to _____ (使他平静下来). (根据中文提示填空)
calm him down
【详解】
考查固定短语。句意:孩子在哭,护士只好给他一些玩具让他平静下来。固定短语calm down意为“使平静下来”,是动副结构短语,代词him放在中间作其宾语,动词不定式to calm him down作名词toys的后置定语,故填calm him down。
1.我丢了那本红封面的书。
I lost the book ________ ________ is red.
2.对东京来说,赢得2020年夏季奥运会举办权是一件非常成功的事情。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for Tokyo ________ ________ the right to host the 2020 Summer Olympic Games.
3.一完成家庭作业,他就去打篮球。
________ ________ his homework, he went to play basketball.
4.她是一位如此受人尊敬的老师以至于我们都爱她、尊重她。
She is ________ ________ a teacher ________ all of us love and respect her.
5.经历这不同的生活方式我很幸运。
I was very ________ ________ ________ this different way of life.
1.whose cover
2.It is a great success to win
3.On/Upon finishing
4.so respectable that
5.lucky to experience
【解析】
根据所给汉语完成句子。
1.根据句意可知此句是whose引导的定语从句,故答案为 (1). whose (2). cover
2.根据句意可知本句考查a success一件成功的事,抽象名词的具体化;it做形式主语动词不定式做真正的主语,故答案为(1). It (2). is (3). a (4). great (5). success (6). to (7). Win
【名师点睛】
抽象名词的具体化:a success一个成功的人/一件成功的事;a faiure一个失败的人/一件失败的事;a danger可能引起危险的人或物;have a good knowledge of有某方面的好知识;an honour一个荣幸的人/一件荣幸的事。
3.On/Upon doing sth一做---就---,根据句意可知答案为 (1). On/Upon (2). finishing
4.根据句意可知此句考查so---that如此---以致于---,引导的结果状语从句,故答案为(1). so (2). respectable (3). that
5.be lucky to do sth.幸运做某,根据句意可知答案为 (1). lucky (2). to (3). experience
The factory produced many famous cars,none of ________ shipped to foreign countries.
A.them B.which
C.it D.what
A
【解析】
A
解析 句意为:这家工厂生产了很多名车,但没有一辆被运到国外去。them指代前面的cars,此题容易误认为是一个非限制性定语从句。但此处shipped是一个过去分词,逗号后面的部分是一个独立主格结构。如果在shipped前面加was,则应该选B项,构成非限制性定语从句。
Directions: Translate tho following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
1.据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42条生命,摧毁了7000多幢房腿(It)
2.我国正在全力以赴促进经济与结构调整。(promote)
3.只有车记使备中国才能早日实现。(Only)
4.许多中国的航空公司允许乘客在飞行过程中使用手机,这意味我们可以在空中玩喜欢的游戏了。(allow)
1.It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings.
2.Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.
3.Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.
4.Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.
【解析】
1.考查形式主语。It was reported that据报道,该句型是固定句型,其中it是形式主语,that引导的主语从句中,使用过去完成时,故翻译为It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings.
2.考查时态和动词。表示正在进行的动作,用现在进行时,promote是及物动词,后面直接接宾语,故翻译为Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.
3.考查部分倒装。以“only+它所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句”位于句首时,常使用部分倒装,故翻译为Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.
4.考查固定句型和非限制性定语从句。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,该句型是固定句型。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句内容,故翻译为Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.无论时走路、骑车还是开车,遵守交通规则都很重要。(follow)
2.只有发展好、运用好、治理好互联网,才能使其更好地造福人类。(Only)
3.鼓励你,给你建议,并提出有建设性的问题的人被称作人生教练或导师。(helpful)
4.生命充满了挑战,但是只要你有学习新事物的意愿,就能得到克服障碍的正确态 度。(willingness)
1.Whether you walk, cycle or drive a car, it’s important to follow the rules of the road.
2.Only by developing , using and governing the internet well can it benefit mankind.
3.A person who encourages you , gives you advice and asks helpful questions is called life coaching or mentor.
4.Life is full of changes, but a willingness to learn something new gives people the right attitude for overcoming obstacles.
【解析】
1.考查动词。分析句子可知,遵守交通规则都很重要是主句,可以使用It+ be+形容词+to do sth.句式“无论是…还是…”用whether…or…句式;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:Whether you walk, cycle or drive a car, it’s important to follow the rules of the road.
2.考查only部分倒装。分析句子可知,“通过……”用介词by,表示方式;only主句要用部分倒装结构,主语为using and governing the internet well,谓语can benefit,宾语为mankind;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:Only by developing , using and governing the internet well can it benefit mankind.
3.考查形容词和定语从句。分析句子可知,who引导的定语从句,先行词为a person,形容词“helpful”修饰名词questions;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:A person who encourages you , gives you advice and asks helpful questions is called life coaching or mentor.
4.考查名词和连词。分析句子可知,表示转折关系用连词but“但是”连接两个句子;短语be full of…“充满…”,后一句的主语为a willingness to learn something new,谓语为gives,双宾语为people the right attitude;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:Life is full of changes, but a willingness to learn something new gives people the right attitude for overcoming obstacles.
【点睛】
第1小题中涉及到it作形式主语的句式。动词不定式,动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前,而用it作形式主语,放到句首,常见句型有:
1.It+be形容词+主语从句,如:
It is uncertain whether he can come to the party or not.
2.It+be 名词词组+主语从句,这类名词有:a fact,a pity,a shame,an honor等,如:
It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
3.It+be 过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,show等,如:
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
4.It+be 形容词+for sb.+动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible等作表语,有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加加or sb.如:
It's necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.
It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
5. It+be+名词或容词+动名词,这类名词和形容词常常是:good,no good,no use,a waste of,useless,senseless等,如:
It's a waste of time talking to her any more.
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
He wrote many children's books, nearly half of _______ published in the 1990s. (用适当的词填空)
them
【详解】
考查代词。句意:他写了许多儿童读物,其中近一半是在90年代出版的。 分析可知空格所在的部分为独立主格结构,根据语境此处指这些书中近一半是在90年代出版的。空格前是介词,故填代词的宾格,代指前面的books,故用第三人称复数的宾格。故答案为them。
Charlie Chaplin wanted to be a director when he was young, and finally he made____________.(用适当的词填空)
it
【详解】
考查代词。句意:查理·卓别林年轻时想当导演,最终(他)获得了成功。结合句意和前面的make可知,此处填it,构成短语“make it”,表示“获得成功”。故填it。
单句语法填空
1.This plan of Apple Inc. is targeting __________ (consume) of that country with the new notebook.
2.I hear you got injured in the basketball competition last week. How did it come __________?
3.We __________ (subscribe) to an evening newspaper, so you don’t bother to buy one for us.
4.China’s Belt and Road Initiative will bring new opportunities to countries along the Silk Road; __________ is no wonder that so many countries attend the meeting.
5.I am in favor of the view __________ we must make full use of the existing technical equipment.
6.Small quantities of poison __________ (discover) in the dead man’s stomach this morning.
7.Yesterday I bought an electronic dictionary, the price of __________ was very high.
8.He __________ (state) his views in broad outline at the meeting yesterday.
9.Prices have risen __________ (steady) during the past decade.
10.The show attracted a large audience, __________ (range) from children to old people.
1.consumers
2.about
3.have subscribed
4.it
5.that
6.were discovered
7.which
8.stated
9.steadily
10.ranging
【分析】
1.考查词形转换。句意:苹果公司这个计划的目标就是为那个国家的消费者提供这种新型笔记本电脑。该空作target的宾语,consumer是可数名词,且“那个国家的消费者”应该是很多人,故该处应用名词复数形式,故填consumers。
2.考查固定短语。句意:我听说你上周在篮球比赛中受了伤。它是怎么发生的? come about“发生”,常用在疑问句或由疑问句转换的陈述句中。故填about。
3.考查时态。句意:我们已经订阅了一份晚报,因此你不用费心为我们买一份了。根据句意可知,subscribe这一动作发生在过去且对现在造成了影响,因此用现在完成时。故填have subscribed。
4.考查it。句意:中国的“一带一路”将给丝绸之路沿线的国家带来新的机会,难怪这么多的国家参加了这次会议。根据句子的结构来判断,此处应用it作形式主语,代替后面that引导的从句。It’s no wonder that...意为“……并不奇怪”。故填it。
5.考查同位语从句。句意:我赞成这样一种观点,即我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。空后面的句子解释说明view的内容,所以空处引导同位语从句,所填词在从句中不作成分,所以填that。
6.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:今早,在死者的胃中发现有少量的毒药。“quantities of+名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数,且poison与discover之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,结合时间状语this morning可知,discover这一动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。故填were discovered。
7.考查定语从句。句意:昨天我买了一个电子词典,它的价钱很高。逗号前后两部分中间没有连词,故本题考定语从句。先行词是an electronic dictionary,关系词作of的宾语,指物,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
8.考查时态。句意:在昨天的会议上他粗略地讲了自己的观点。yesterday说明动作发生在过去,所以该句应用一般过去时态,故填stated。
9.考查词形转换。句意:在过去的十年里,物价上涨平稳。分析句子结构可知,该空修饰动词rise,故应用副词。故填steadily。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:表演吸引了很多观众,从孩子到老人。range和audience有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词作定语,故填ranging。