强调句的概念：

强调句 (The Emphatic Pattern) 是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。英语常用的强调结构有：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that/who...；what…be…句型；

强调句 (The Emphatic Pattern) 是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种
形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。 英语常用的强调结构
有：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that/who...；what…be…句型；
There be…doing…句型。
1、It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+ that/who...句型
   这种结构中的it叫做强调it，没有字面意义，只用来改变句子结构。当被强调的部分指人时，
   用that或 who（whom）宾格皆可；指物或情况时，通常用that。这种强调句型的意思是“是…，
   正是…”。
   We called on Pro.Wang at his office this morning.
   It was we who/that called on Pro.Wang at his office this morning. （强调主语）
   强调句型的判断方法是：只要把 It is/was和that/who去掉，重新排列一下句子，如果句子仍是完整的，
   则该句就是强调句。
1）It is/was…that/who…强调句的用法特征
   这种句型可以对句子中的主语、宾语、表语、同位语、状语进行强调，被强调部分可以是单词、
   短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。本句型不可以对句子中的谓语、定语进行强调。
（1）it后面的动词be常用两种形式：is与was。如果原句中的谓语动词是现在或将来各种时态，
     用It is…that/who…；如果原句中的谓语动词是过去某个时态，则用It was…that/who…。
     He is right. → It is he that/who is right.
     I met him in the street yesterday. → It was in the street that I met him yesterday. 
     强调句中主句动词形式通常是一般现在时或一般过去时，但有时也有带情态动词的形式。
     It might be that handsome young man that she likes.
     注意：即使被强调的主语是负数，强调句中it后仍用is/was，不用are/were。
（2）原句的人称、时态和数等在变为强调句时，不需要变动。如果被强调部分是主语，则that/who
     后的谓语应依然与主句保持一致。 
     I visited her yesterday. → It was her that I visited yesterday. 
     I am to blame. → It is I who am to blame.
2）强调句的一般疑问句只需要把is/was提到it之前。
   Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
3）若被强调部分为特殊疑问词，则使用“特殊疑问词+is/was it that…”结构。
   Who was it that broke the window?
注意：强调句型的特殊疑问句中只有特殊疑问词可以被强调。特殊疑问句的强调句式是“特殊疑问词+
      is/was+it+that+其他成分”。本句型如果用来作名词性从句，注意其语序为“特殊疑问词+it + 
      is/was +that+其他成分”。
4）如果原句中含有not…until，当强调until引导的时间状语时，要把not连同until引导的成分置于be之后。
   She didn’t know anything about it until I told.
   →It was not until I told her that she knew anything about it.
   这种句型的基本结构是：It is/was+not until +引导的时间状语/时间状语从句+that+句子的其他成分。
5）这一句型可强调原因状语从句，当原因状语从句是as，since引导时，应改为because。
   She missed the first bus since she got up late.
   →It was because she got up late that She missed the first bus.
   但结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等不能用于这一强调句型。
6）强调句型中被强调部分含有定语从句
   Was it in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang that they did the experiment?
7）强调句型中含有同位语从句
   It was with great courage that the boy told the truth that he had stolen the money.
8）强调句型中的省略现象
例题：—Where did you get to know her?
      —It was on the farm _____ we worked.
      A. that  B. there  C. which  D. where
解析：选D。答语是个强调句型，而且为了与上句避免重复，省略了that后面的部分。
2、用“what…be…”强调句型，把被强调的部分后移，这种结构多用来强调句中的主语和宾语。
   Her coming delighted me. → What delighted me was her coming.
3、There be…doing句型，这种句型常常用来强调动作。
   There are many students running on the playground.

强调句的使用:

一、强调句句型：
1、用It is／was...that／who...句型表示强调。
（1）陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
（2）一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
（3）特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
注：被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在is／was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。
如：原句：He met an old friend in the park yesterday.  
        强调主语：It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
        强调宾语：It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday. 
        强调地点状语：It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. 
        强调时间状语：It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.
2、用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词。
如：Do come early. 
        He did send you a letter last week.
        We're pleased that she does intend to come.
3、用主语从句+be+被强调部分，主语从句常用what引导。
如：What John wants is a ball.
        What Mary does every day is(to) give piano lessons.  

二、not...until...句型的强调句：
1、句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分：
e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back. 
       强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；
因为句型中It is/was not...已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

三、谓语动词的强调：
1、It is/was...that...结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。
e.g. Do sit down.务必请坐。
      He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
      Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
2、注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。 

使用强调句型有以下几点请注意：

①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数。
如：It was yesterday that I met your father in the street.
②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词。
如：It was in the street that I met your father yesterday.
③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。
如：It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street yesterday.
        It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday.
④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。
如：It is they who are our friends.
        It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night.
⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is/was...that...为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调，而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。
比较：1）It was ten o'clock when we got home last night. 我们昨晚到家时已十点了。
            2）It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night. 我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that，因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten o'clock last night.”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when。

强调句型用法拓展：

1、句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。
2、be动词的形式是is或was，不能用复数形式are或were。若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时，则用is；
若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过去完成时，则用was。
如：It___the Chinese women that___a great role in the socialist construction.
A. is; plays
B. are; play
C .is; play
D. are; plays
答案：C 
3、被强调的部分如果是代词，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。
如：It is him that/who/whom I met in the street yesterday.
        It is I who/that am wrong.
4、连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，既可用that也可用who。特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用when或where。
如：It was on Oct1st, 1949 that People's Republic of China was founded.
        It was at the gate____he told me the news.　　
        A. that
        B. what
        C. which
        D. when
答案：A
5、主谓一致问题被强调的主语要和that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。
如：It is Mary who often _____(help) me with my English. （helps）
        It is I that ____(be) against you. （am）
6、not...until结构的强调。
强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时，要用“it is/was not until...that...”结构，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。 
如：We did not get off the bus until it stopped. ?
        It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus. (注意：强调该结构时not until不能分开)

1.理解并掌握强调句的基本构成及用法。
2.会做相应的习题。

能力要求：掌握/应用
课时要求：2
考试频率：必考
分值比重：4