Cities do not appear on the earth randomly, nor do they grow in a random fashion. They develop as the result of a complex interplay of environmental and social factors.
Several factors in the natural environment determine the location of cities. Large cities, for example, are generally not found in inhospitable zones. Most major cities developed from villages and towns that grew up along shorelines, rivers, or railroads. The growth pattern of an urban settlement is also influenced by factors in the natural environment. For example, mountains must be skirted, lakes must be avoided, and housing and industry must be placed conveniently near water and raw materials.
Social factors also influence the appearance and development of cities. For instance, a city may be established as a result of a political decision :
The location of particular social group is also influenced by ecological factors. Certain kinds of land use , such as parking lots , may quickly generate a disliked area and result in a mass departure of the original inhabitants. The location of the neighborhoods of different groups is thus related to such factors as their relative income and to their feelings of group unity or prejudice against outsiders.
Social inventions such as the automobile and mass transit systems also influence urban patterns. If workers have to walk to their factories every day, their homes must be near the workplace, but if they can drive to work , they can easily live fifteen miles away. If large numbers of the urban labor force move away from the city centre , services and facilities will tend to follow them , perhaps leaving the city centre greatly changed.
71. According to the passage , most major cities are
A. located along shorelines, rivers, or railroads
B. located far away from shorelines, rivers , or railroads
C, results of political decisions
D. results of architectural decisions
72.The example that shows the influence of political decisions on the location of a city is the location of
A. Manhattan in
B. The new capital of Brasilia of Brazil
C. Los Angles
D.
73. According to the passage, certain kinds of land use, such as parking lots, may
A. make the original inhabitants happy
B. cause the original inhabitants to move away from an area
C. destroy a town
D. result in ecological disasters in an area
74. It can be inferred from the passage that people of low income
A. tend to live in big cities
B. tend to live in small towns
C. mostly live in city centers
D. are likely to live together
75. According to the passage , the locations of cities are influenced
A. only by a lot of environmental factors
B. only by a lot of social factors
C. by both social and environmental factors
D. only by a lot of ecological factors
社会现象类阅读概念:
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题,显示其社会意义,一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。
社会现象类阅读解题技巧:
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题,显示其社会意义,一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题,明确要求。
在阅读文章前,最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章,可使思路更敏捷,而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文,抓住主要内容。
在不影响理解的前提下,尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时,如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子,不要停下来苦思冥想,继续读下去,通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时,要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子,尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾,插在中间的很少。所以,文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述,因此要特别注意,彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读,找寻所需信息。
在前面的基础上,可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过,而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读,还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来,逐条分析,综合判断,找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后,可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系,做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候,需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读,验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目,研究其内在联系和逻辑关系,并依次审核那些还未打上的题目,确保理解无误。
登录并加入会员可无限制查看知识点解析