主谓一致的概念：

谓语的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。

主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原
则的支配： 语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近原
则 (principle of proximity)。“主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词
作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。
1、语法结构上的一致。
　 找准主语，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
1）一些不确切的表示比例的修饰词修饰主语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语决定。
　 如：all, most, half, some, many, rest, 40%, 2/3, one third等, none作主语时单复数
       要看句子结构要求。
　 例句：
　 Half of the water is fresh water.
　 All of my friends like sports.
　 Two thirds of the wood was made in Japan.
　 70% of the students agree.
　 None of the people here is a farmer.
2）表示确切数量的词修饰主语时，主语中心语决定谓语动词，注意neither或either作主语时，
   谓语动词看作单数。
　　例句：
　　One of the students comes from England.
　　Neither of the girls likes football.
3） 主语由more than one …或many a …修饰，虽然表示复数意义，但主语中心语是名词单数，
    所以谓语动词用单数形式。如果是more …than one修饰主语，主语中心语一定是复数，谓语
    动词则用复数。
　　例句：
　　More than a house has been damaged in the hurricane.
　　More members than one are for you plan.
4） 一些主语后会出现介词短语as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like,
    rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等，表示复数意义，但谓语
    动词单复数只由主语中心语决定。
　　例句：
　　The teacher with her students was excited after the match.
　　Nobody but Sam and Mike was in the classroom.
　　注：如果名词由 every, each, no来修饰，即便结构上表示并列，谓语动词用单数形式。
　　Every girl and every boy likes football.
　　Each member and each waiter of the club is satisfied with the behavior of the boss.
5）有的词组既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，如a lot of, lots of, plenty of,谓语动词单
   复数由名词决定，但是amounts of, quantities of无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词
   都用复数形式。
　 例句：
　 Plenty of water on the earth is sea water.
　 Amounts of water are used to water flowers.
2、语言意义上的一致
　 有的单词单数形式表示复数意义，有的单词复数形式表示单数意义，还有的单词单复数同型，那就要看
在句子中所表达的意义了。
1）集体名词：crowd, people, police, cattle, militia等，单数形式，表示复数意义；然而family,
   team, group 等集体名词，既可以看作整体，表示单数意义，也可以强调成员，表示复数意义。
　 例句：
　 The police were running after the robber.
　 警方正在追赶那个盗贼。
　 The whole family are watching TV.
　 全家人在看电视。
　 The red team won the game.
　 红队赢得了比赛。
2）形复意单的名词 news, works等和一些学科名词 physics, politics, economics，表达单数含义。
　 例句：
　 The works was translated in 1859.
　 这本著作是1859年翻译的。
3）一些单复数同型的名词means, species, Chinese, Japanese，要分析句子中的具体意义，
   选择谓语动词的单复数形式。
　 例句：
　 Chinese is a hard-working race. 中华民族是个勤劳的民族。
　 Chinese are hard-working people. 中国人民是勤劳的人民。
4）不定式、动名词或从句做主语时，要看所并列的不定式、动名词或从句所指代的情况是一个
   整体还是不同情形来选择谓语动词的单复数。
　 例句：
　 Going to bed early and getting up early is good for your health.
　 Where to find him and how to find him is not known to us.
　 To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person.
3、就近原则
1）or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…连接的主语，谓语动词的单复数
   取决于离谓语较近的主语。
　 例句：
　 Not only Tom but also Mary and Helen are from America.
　 The students or their teacher likes the new classroom.
2）there be 句型中，遵循就近原则。
　 例句：
　 There is a book and two pens on the desk.
　 There are two pens and a book on the desk.

主谓一致知识体系：

 

主谓一致的基本原则：

1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
例如：The students are very young.
            This picture looks beautiful.
2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；
而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。
例如：The people in that country are fighting for independence.
            The crowd deeply respect their leader. 
            Three years in a strange land seems a long time.
3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
例如：Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.

几对容易混淆词组的一致用法：

1、由“this／thatkind／typeof+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；而由"these／thosekind／typeof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：This kind of apples is highly priced.
            Those kind(s) of tests are good.
2、由“a number of，a totalo f，an average of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of，the total of，the average of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：A number of students are waiting for the bus.
            The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.
3、one of，the(only) one of的一致用法
例如：This is one of the books that have been recommended.
            This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.

 主谓一致用法点拨：

1、并列结构作主语谓语用复数：
如：Reading and writing are very important.
注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题：
The League secretary and monitor___asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案：B.
注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A、C本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

2、主谓一致中的靠近原则：
1）当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
            There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
例如：Either you or she is to go. 
            Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

3、谓语动词与前面的主语一致：
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 
            He as well as I wants to go boating.

4、谓语需用单数：
1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。
例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder. 
2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 
3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)
例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
            Ten yuan is enough.

5、指代意义决定谓语的单复数：
1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
例如：All is right. (一切顺利。)
            All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)
2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
例如：family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
例如：His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
            His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
例如：Are there any police around?
3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。
A number of+名词复数+复数动词。 The number of+名词复数+单数动词。
例如：A number of books have lent out.
            The majority of the students like English.

6、与后接名词或代词保持一致：
1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
例如：Most of his money is spent on books.
            Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2）在一些短语，如many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由more than…of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
例如：Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
            More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市

主谓一致用法拓展：

1）当everyone，everybody，noone，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，everything，anything，something，nothing等用作主语时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。
例如：If anybody calls, tell him that I'm out.
            Something strange happened, didn't it? 
2）人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词I(me)，he(him)，she(her)，it(it) 都是代替前面的单数名词，而they(them)，we(us)则是代替复数名词的，you既可以代表单数，也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候，用he或one来表示。
例如：If a young person enters a classical music field only for money, he is in the wrong profession. 
3）物主代词与名词的呼应：my，our，his，her，its，their要与代替的名词在数上一致。
例如：The welfare department，as well as the other social services，will have its budget cut.
4）反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。
例如：Many primitive people believed that by eating ananimal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
5）指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词，these和those指代复数名词(those还可以用作先行词，引导定语从句，表示“那些人”)。
例如：She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.
6）much和muchof后接不可数名词，而many和manyof后接可数名词的复数。
例如：There is not much coal left.
            A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.
7）表示量的词后面有的接可数名词，有的接不可数名词。
接可数名词的有：a number of，a rangeof，a series of十复数名词；
接不可数名词的有：a great deal of，an amount of十不可数名词；
既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有：a lot of，a variety of。
例如：1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education.
            2.Quiteanumberofwomenappliedforthisjob.
            3.The college library has avariety of books.
            4.An apple is avariety off ruit.
     

1、掌握主谓一致的三个基本原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
2、通过做题，了解一些细节知识，如定语从句中的细节。

能力要求：掌握/应用
课时要求：1
考试频率：常考
分值比重：1