A. stable B. separately C. evidence D. academic E. communication
F. adapted G. economics H. inspired I. silent J. suspects K. precisely
You may not know much about John Nash, who passed away in an accident with his wife Alicia on May 23 at the age of 86. His lifelong work has been recognized as a key contribution to the 41______ world.
Nash was a mathematic genius, who completed his doctoral thesis when he was 21. The paper suggested using game theory in 42______. The most important idea of game theory is the Nash equilibrium (纳什均衡). It is a 43______ state in which you cannot gain an advantage through a change of strategy if others do not change what they are doing.
The Prisoner’s Dilemma (囚徒困境) helps to show the idea. Two 44______ for a crime are arrested. They are told 45______ that if one of them confess and says that his partner is guilty, he will be free and his partner will be sentenced to 20 years in prison. If they both confess, they will be convicted (判刑) for five years. If both stay 46______, they will be sent to prison for only one year for lack of sufficient 47______.
This type of problem was called a non-cooperative game by Nash, meaning the two prisoners cannot show their intentions to each other. At first glance, keeping quiet might seem the best strategy for the two. But it can’t happen without 48______. So the calculations of the Nash equilibrium show they would likely both confess.
Nash won the Nobel Prize for Economics for his work. His life story was 49______ into the movie A Beautiful Mind in 2001.
“John’s achievements 50______ mathematicians, economists and scientists,” said Christopher Eisgruber, the president of Princeton university, in a statement. “And the story of his life with Alicia moved millions of readers and moviegoers who were amazed by their courage.”
DGAJB ICEFH