Some of the world's most well-known brands, including Ericsson, Volvo and Ikea, all originated from Sweden.The country also brought us the zipper, used by many men in the world on a daily basis, according to Swedish Wire, a news website.
With a population of barely over 9 million and gross domestic production (GDP) at about $538 billion in 2011-just a thirteenth that of China. Sweden seems like an unlikely candidate for a leader of innovation (创新).Yet, for the past three years, it has consistently topped the European Commission's Regional Innovation Scoreboard, coming first in 2010 and 2012, and second in 2011.
Sweden's neighbors, including Denmark, famous for such brands as Nokia and Lego, are also known for their innovative cultures.
How have these Scandinavian countries managed to make these achievements?
Pasi Sahlerrg, Director General of the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture's Centre for International Mobility, believes the education system is central to the success of Scandinavian countries.A key feature of this system is that every child's education is personalized and teachers are highly trained.
"In Finland, 'School-readiness' means getting the school ready to meet the needs of its students, rather than getting the students ready for school," said Sahlerrg.
Limited homework, no standardized tests and the absence of a national curriculum are intended to teach students how to manage themselves independently and to organize their time creatively, both vital for encouraging innovation.
Of course, there are factors beyond the education system that also determine the rate of innovation.So how to imitate Scandinavia's success in innovation? Foster (培育)a well-educated generation, provide it with the necessary financial resources, establish a supportive policy environment for it to turn the innovative ideas it generates into success.
38.The first paragraph is written to _______.
A.introduce the topic of the text B.describe some quality products
C.list some famous brands from Sweden D.quote a Swedish website
39.As a leading country in innovation, Sweden ______.
A.was Number One in innovation over the past three years
B.is well-known for its innovative cultures
C.presents to the world such brands as Nokia and Lego
D.had a very high GDP in 2011
40.According to Pasi Sahlerrg, Scandinavia's success in innovation lies in _____
A.school-readiness B.the system of education
C.teacher training D.personalized teaching
41.What is a feature of Scandinavia's education?
A.Loads of homework. B.Strict examinations.
C.No national curriculum. D.Necessary financial resources.
ABBC
政治经济类文章的概念:
要做好这类阅读,平时就要注意了解国内外发生的政治经济大事,掌握一定背景知识,对这类文章的叙述特点及内容安排有一定了解,还要扩展这方面的词汇。阅读这类文章,要抓住文章的核心,即文章整体和各段主要在说什么,也要注意段落之间的逻辑关系。
如何备考政治经济类阅读理解题:
【题型说明】政治经济类阅读文章是高考常选材料之一。该类文章时代气息浓郁,语言鲜活,但熟字新义词、超纲词及专业词语多,长句、难句多。政治类文章大多数是同学们感性趣的内容,读起来倒有似曾相识的感觉,经济类文章读起来就像是雾里看花,文章看完,一头雾水。再加之这类文章的命题侧重于词义猜测、推理判断和文章主旨,同学们对这类题材是望而生畏。
【备考策略】建立心理优势。针对不同体裁的文章,我们要采取相应的阅读方法和技巧。政治类文章多采用记叙文形式,我们可采取“顺读法”,以便抓关键语句,领会文章主旨;而经济类文章则多采用说明文形式,我们则可以采取“逆读法”,先读试题,再从文章中查找有用信息。若遇到的确难读的材料。千万不用着急,因为你觉得难,其他人也一定是同感。在高考前,我们就要有这种心理准备,高考试卷肯定有一、两篇难以阅读的材料。不过,我们平时可以有意识地从报刊杂志上找一些较难的阅读材料来阅读,以培养自己迎难而上的心理素质。
【答题方法】
1、寻找主干:
根据英语中五种基本句型结构,把句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来,其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则易于理解。找到了句子主干,句子的意思至少明白了一半。
2、剔除从句:
在一个长句中可能会出现若干个从句,在理解时,如果把各个从句剔除出来单独理解,然后把大意拼凑起来,整个长句的意思就会明白六、七分。
3、辨别分句:
一个长句如果是由几个并列、转折、递进、对比关系的分句组成,句中往往有表示这些分句关系的连接词,只要能弄清楚分句和分句之间的逻辑关系,再把各层分句的意思加以连贯,整个长句的句意基本上能跃然脑中。
4、寻找关键词:
如果一个句子看完,一点句意的感觉也没有,下下策就是抓住句中的关键词,通过关键词大体弄懂这个长句的意思。
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