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请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。

School lunches in Japan

Japan manages a rare achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children — high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates. One major key? School lunches.

A landmark report by the UN's children agency UNICEF released Tuesday shows Japan topping the charts for childhood health indicators, with low rates of infant mortality and few underweight children.

Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law, but a nationwide school lunch program also plays a key role.

"School lunches with menus that are created by nutritionists are provided to all primary schools and the majority of junior high schools throughout Japan,," Mitsuhiko Hara, a pediatrician and professor at Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, told AFP.

The lunches are mandatory — no packed lunches allowed — and while they are not free for most, they are heavily subsidized 补助).Each meal is designed to have around 600-700 calories balanced between carbohydrates, meat or fish and vegetables.

"School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home," Education Ministry official Mayumi Ueda told AFP. "I think it contributes to the nutritional balance necessary for children."

Unlike the cafeteria system operated in some Western countries, Japanese school lunches are usually served in the classroom. Pupils frequently dish out the food to each other and clean up the room afterwards. There is no choice of meal, and no concessions offered for vegetarians, or anyone with religious restrictions.

The lunches are intended not only to feed children, but to teach them. "There's also a daily broadcast at school to explain the nutritional elements contained in the school lunch of the day, and this is a good way to educate kids,” Hara said.

"School lunch is positioned as part of education under the law,'? Ueda said. "It's not just about eating food, but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?"

The Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan annually, and uses the results to shape what goes into the school meals, she added.

And there are other factors at work, Hara acknowledged. "Because many Japanese are health-conscious, they try to eat a variety of food, which is good," he said. "And we're taught to eat seasonal food, which also contributes to good health. Japan is one of the rare countries that pay so much attention to food that is associated with specific seasons," he added.

Hara said another factor in Japan is regularly mandated childcare health checks. Parents of infants receive reminders from the local government, and children are given health checks at school, including measuring height and weight.

Still, even Japan has not escaped entirely the growing trend toward overweight children and childhood obesity, which in Japan, like elsewhere, tends to affect those from less wealthy families.

"Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity."

School lunches are all the more important to children in such situations, he said.

School lunches in Japan

Introduction

As is reported by the UNICEF. Japan 51 high in childhood health: A

social awareness of health, regular and 52 check-ups for children and a nationwide school lunch program are main 53

Details of

school lunches

Regarding health

• Menus created by nutritionists and 54 annually by government

• Meals 55 innutrition

• Food of great 56 and seasonal food

• Official reminders of childcare health checks

Regarding57

The lunches are intended to improve

• students' service consciousness and 58.

• students' knowledge of nutritional elements.

Problems to be solved

59 of less protein but more carbs and sugar in 60 families leads to the increasing number of overweight children in Japan.

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知识点:健康
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【答案】

51ranks

52compulsory

53factors/reasons/causes

54shaped

55balance

56variety

57education

58independence

59Consumption

60poor

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。短文就介绍了日本学校的午餐的相关信息。

51考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由第一段Japan manages a rare achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates. 日本在养育儿童方面取得了一个发达国家少有的成就——营养方面得分很高,但肥胖率很低。所以通过high scores for nutrition可以判断出空处填rank且句子为一般现在时,主语为Japan为单数。故填ranks

52考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由第三段Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law专家们说,有很多因素在起作用,包括一个注重健康的社会,以及法律要求对儿童进行定期检查。所以由check-ups for children required by law可知,空处填形容词compulsory check-ups的定语。故填compulsory

53考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由第三段Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law专家们说,有很多因素在起作用,包括一个注重健康的社会,以及法律要求对儿童进行定期检查。所以由 factors 可知,空处填factors/reasons/causes作表语。故填factors/reasons/causes

54考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由第十段The Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan annually, and uses the results to shape what goes into the school meals.可知,日本政府每年对日本的营养和饮食习惯进行研究,并利用研究结果来确定学校膳食中的营养成分。所以由  shape 可知,空处填shapedmenus在逻辑上为被动关系。故填shaped

55考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由第六段School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home, I think it contributes to the nutritional balance necessary for children.可知学校午餐的设计初衷是为学生们提供营养,而学生们在家里往往吃不到这样的饭。我认为它有助于儿童所需的营养平衡。所以根据nutritional balance 可以判断出,空处填balance,句子为一般现在时,主语为Meals。故填balance

56考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由第十一段 Because many Japanese are health-conscious, they try to eat a variety of foodwhich is good.可知,因为很多日本人都有健康意识,所以他们尽量吃各种各样的食物,这是有益的。所以由variety可知,空处填名词variety。故填variety

57考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由框中The lunches are intended to improve• students' service consciousness and independence• students' knowledge of nutritional elements可知,午餐旨在提高学生的服务意识和独立性, 提高学生对营养元素的认识。所以小题7说的是关于教育。故填education

58考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由第九段It's not just about eating food, but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?这不仅仅是吃东西的问题,孩子们还学会了服务,学会了自己清理。所以通过clean up on their own可知,空处填名词independenceconsciousness为并列关系。故填independence

59考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由最后一段Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity可知,贫困儿童更有可能超重,因为家庭都在努力削减开支。结果,他们吃更少的蛋白质,但消耗更多的碳水化合物和糖类,这导致肥胖。所以通过consume 可知,空处填名词Consumption。故填Consumption

60考查归纳总结,处理信息的能力。由最后一段Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity可知,贫困儿童更有可能超重,因为家庭都在努力削减开支。结果,他们吃更少的蛋白质,但消耗更多的碳水化合物和糖类 ,这导致肥胖。由Children in poverty 可知,空处填形容词poor修饰名词families。故填poor

=
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更新时间:2020-11-16
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1.

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?

We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.

37 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.

Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.

40While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D  . To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D  .

AFresh air cleans our lungs.

BSo what are you waiting for?

CBeing in nature refreshes us.

DAnother side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?

F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.

G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

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  During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this “open science” is already making a difference.

Soon after the epidemic started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced (测定序列) the DNA of the virus. But they didn’t keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could  download them for free and start studying the virus.

Due to this openness, pharmaceutical ( ) companies across the globe are now able to work simultaneously (同时地) to develop a vaccine. “There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,” Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US, told Al Jazeera. “The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more resilient (有适应力的) we’ll be against coronavirus outbreaks in the future.”

Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus. Currently, two trials of the drug are already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.

51Which of the following statement is not the main things the epidemic has caused?

ACities are locked down.

BBorders are closed.

CBorders is becoming more open to fight against it.

D“Open science”plays an important role.

52What are mentioned as the examples of “open science” in this part?

a. A research team from Fudan University placed the sequences of the virus onto an open access data platform.

b. Companies across the globe share their developed vaccine.

c. Major drug companies share their study results.

d. US company Gilead Sciences developed drugs to treat Ebola.

Aab                         Bac                          Cbc                          Dcd

53What if Chinese scientists kept the information to themselves?

AThe research process could be delayed and the chance of defeating the virus would be lessened.

BThey could let the world download the information for free.

CThe world could develop the vaccine more quicker than now.

DChinse scientists could work to help the world.

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1.

    Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self­conscious (难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.

Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.

Don’t forget the clock—or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12­inch plate instead of a 10­inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.

65The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____________.

Atheir home comforts                                   Btheir body shape

Chouse buying                                             Dhealthy diets

66A home environment in blue can help people ______________.

Adigest food better                                       Breduce food intake

Cburn more calories                                     Dregain their appetites

67What are people advised to do at mealtimes?

AEat quickly.                                               BPlay fast music.

CUse smaller spoons.                                    DTurn down the lights.

68What can be a suitable title for the text?

AIs Your House Making You Fat?                  BWays of Serving Dinner

CEffects of Self­Consciousness                      DIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?

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