单句语法填空
1.The heavy rain lessened __________(gradual) and stopped at last.
2.The coach remarked __________ the great progress that this ping-pong player made in these competitions.
3.I regret to inform you he died as __________ consequence of serious head injuries.
4.We will end up __________ (live) in a society where science and technology is highly developed.
5.China is a country with vast land, which is abundant __________ tourism resources.
6.These leftovers can’t be eaten for now; you’d better __________ (heat) them first by a microwave.
7.__________ high buildings we are going to build, “Safety First” is our slogan.
8.It took all the fun out of the occasion __________ people on board found the ship was going to hit the glacier.
9.I’ve come to the point __________ I can’t stand her arguing any longer.
10.__________ (inform) that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home immediately.
1.gradually
2.on/upon
3.a
4.living
5.in
6.reheat
7.Whatever
8.when
9.where
10.Informed
【分析】
1.考查副词。句意:大雨渐渐小下来了,最终停止了。修饰动词lessened,应用副词形式。故填gradually。
2.考查固定短语。句意:这位教练评价了这位乒乓球运动员在这些比赛中所取得的巨大进步
。短语remark on/upon“评论,谈论”。 故填on/upon。
3.考查固定短语。句意:我很遗憾地通知你,他因头部受重伤而去世了。短语as a consequence of意为“由于…结果”。故填a。
4.考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意:我们将最终生活在一个科学技术高度发达的社会。短语end up doing sth.意为“以……告终”;此处用living,是现在分词做状语。故填living。
5.考查固定短语。句意:中国是一个地域辽阔的国家,其旅游资源丰富。短语be abundant in意为“丰富的,充裕的”。故填in。
6.考查构词法。句意:这些吃剩的饭菜现在不能吃,你最好先用微波炉把它们再加热一下。根据句意,此处意为“再加热”;had better 后接动词原形;前缀re意为“又,再”,因此填reheat,意为“将.......重新加热”。故填reheat。
7.考查状语从句。句意:无论我们要建什么样的高楼,“安全第一”是我们的口号。分析句子结构,空后是状语从句,所填词是状语从句的从属连词;根据句意,应填whatever引导状语从句,意为“无论什么”。 故填Whatever。
8.考查定语从句。句意:当船上的人们发现船要撞上冰川时,欢乐的气氛一扫而光。分析句子结构,空后是定语从句,先行词是occasion,在从句中作时间状语,意为“在.......时机/时候”,因此用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
9.考查定语从句。句意:我已到了再也不能容忍她争吵的地步了。分析句子结构,空后是定语从句,先行词是point,在从句中作地点状语,意为“到…...地步”,因此用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:得知母亲生病了,李雷急忙赶回了家。inform和句子的主语Li Lei之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词informed作状语。故填Informed。
【点睛】
在定语从句中,先行词是situation,case,point,activity, job 等表示抽象地点的词,如果先行词在从句中做状语,定语从句的关系词用 where 。
We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
我们正在想要到双方能坐到一起谈判的的程度。
(先行词是 point,表示抽象地点,reach a point意为:到…程度,用where引导定语从句)。
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
今天我们会讨论很多英语初学者不能正确地使用语言的例子。
(先行词是cases,在定语从句中作状语,意为“在这些例子中”,指抽象的地点,可理解为in this case , 用where或in which引导定语从句)
It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
这有助于把孩子放在这样的一个情形中:他们可以从不同的角度来看待自己。
(先行词是situation, 意为:情形,处境, 在定语从句中做地点状语,指抽象的地点,可理解为:in this situation,用 where或in which引导定语从句)
如本题第9小题,定语从句先行词是point,在从句中作地点状语,意为“到…地步”,用关系副词where引导定语从句。
状语从句的概念:
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
比较while/as/when:
1、as/when引导短暂性动作的动词例句:
如:Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2、当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when引导这个从句,不可用as或while。
如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3、从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as,不用when或while。
如:As the day went on, the weather got worse.
比较untill/till:
两个连词意义相同,肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”,动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”,动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。
正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句例句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
注意:在肯定句中可用before代替:Let's get in the wheat before the sunsets.
否定句例句:She didn't arrive until 6o'clock.
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.
1、Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。
例句:Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
2、Untilwhen疑问句中,until要放在句首。
例句:Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候?
注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
1)Not until…在句首,主句用倒装。
例句:Not until the early years of the19th century did man know what heat is.
2)It is not until…that…
状语从句的用种类:
1、时间状语从句:
表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till(until), since, once, as soon as(或the moment), by the time, no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely)… when, everytime等引导。
e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as soon as he received the news.
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
2、原因状语从句:
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as, nowthat(既然)等,for表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词,语气不如because强。 e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
As it is raining, I will not go out.
Now that you mention it, I do remember.
3、地点状语从句:
引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。
e.g. Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
4、目的状语从句:
引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so, so that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in case(以防,以免)等。
e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
He left early in case he should miss the train.
5、结果状语从句:
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由so that(从句谓语一般没有情态动词),so…that, such…that等引导。
e.g. She was ill, so that she didn't attend the meeting.
He was so excited that he could not say a word.
She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
6、条件状语从句:
条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。
引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if, unless, so(as)long as, on condition that, so(as) far as, if only(=if)。
注意:条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。
e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
So far as I know(据我所知), he will be away for three months.
You can go swimming on condition that(=if) you don't go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
7、让步状语从句:
让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if(though), however, whatever, whether…or, no matter who(when, what,…)等引导。
注意:as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。
e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Child a she is, he knows a lot.
Whatever(=No matter what) you say, I'll never change my mind.
8、方式状语从句:
方式状语从句常由as, as if(though), the way, rather than等引导。
e.g.You must do the exercise as I show you.
He acted as if nothing had happened.
9、比较状语从句:
比较状语从句常用than, so(as)…as, the more…the more等引导。
e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题:
1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. We'll go outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
I'll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句,如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或虽不一致,是it),从句的谓语又包含动词be,就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。
e.g. When(hewas) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
If(you are) asked you may come in.
If(it is) necessary I'll explain to you again.
3、注意区分不同从句:引导的是什么从句,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例,能引导多种从句。
e.g. You are to find it where you left it.(地点状语从句)
Tell me the address where he lives.(定语从句,句中有先行词)
I don't know where he came from.(宾语从句)
Where he has gone is not known yet.(主语从句)
This place is where they once hid.(表语从句)
注意:表示“一…就…”的结构 hardly/scarcely…when/before/no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示“一…就…”的意思。
例句:I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly/scarcely或nosooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构:
例句:Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
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