A Labrador has been doing an important job to help people stay safe during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Eight-year-old Roby runs through the streets of the hilly city of Medellin several times a day with a 1 in his jaws, taking vegetables, fruit and packaged foods to customers of the Fresh4U mini-market.
“He helps us to maintain social distancing,” said Roby’ owner, Sherry Botero. “And people 2 it when we send the dog.” Roby enjoys eating carrots 3 to him by customers, a tip for bringing a basket of food.
Roby wasn’t always a star. He was accepted into the family 4 by Ms Botero after repeated requests by her son to 5 a dog.
But Ms Botero quickly 6 with the dog. And when she opened a mini-market four years ago, he started to accompany her to make deliveries.
Roby can’t read 7 . But he remembers the names of customers who have previously rewarded him with treats. And with some practice, he has learned to go to their houses on his own.
“He knows the names of five or six of our customers,” Ms Botero said, “So I send the goods with a receipt in the basket, and my customers 8 me through a bank transfer( 转账;转移 ).”
Roby might not know that he’s become an 9 worker. But he is happy to help his owner and 1 0 his daily pay.
1 . A . bag B . chain C . basket D . stick
2 . A . respect B . love C . follow D . notice
3 . A . gifted B . returned C . lent D . donated
4 . A . intentionally B . regretfully C . immediately D . unwillingly
5 . A . adopt B . train C . adore D . walk
6 . A . got away B . kept in touch C . caught up D . fell in love
7 . A . minds B . addresses C . numbers D . receipts
8 . A . treat B . help C . pay D . impress
9 . A . essential B . honest C . optimistic D . adventurous
1 0 . A . spend B . calculate C . collect D . increase
1 . C
2 . B
3 . A
4 . D
5 . A
6 . D
7 . B
8 . C
9 . A
1 0 . C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在新冠疫情期间,拉布拉多犬 Roby 帮助人们送蔬菜、水果和包装食品的故事。
1 .考查名词词义辨析。句意: 8 岁的 Roby 每天叼着篮子在多山城市 Medellin 的街道上跑好几次,把蔬菜、水果和包装食品送到 Fresh4U 迷你市场的顾客那里。 A. bag 包; B. chain 链子; C. basket 篮子; D. stick 棍子。根据下一段 “a tip for bringing a basket of food.” 和倒数第二行 ““So I send the goods with a receipt in the basket,” 可知,此处指叼着篮子把蔬菜,水果等送到顾客那。故选 C 。
2 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我们派 Roby 过去时,人们很喜欢它。 A. respect 尊重; B. love 爱,喜欢; C. follow 跟随; D. notice 注意。根据下文 “ 3 to him by customers, a tip for bringing a basket of food.” 可知,人们喜欢 Roby 。故选 B 。
3 .考查动词词义辨析。句意: Roby 喜欢吃顾客送给他的胡萝卜,这是他带了一篮子食物的小费。 A. gifted. 用礼物送; B. returned 返回; C. lent 借出; D. donated 捐赠。根据后文 “a tip for bringing a basket of food.” 可知,人们送给 Roby 胡萝卜作为送食物的小费。故选 A 。
4 .考查副词词义辨析。句意: Botero 的儿子多次请求收养一只狗,但 Botero 不情愿地接受了这只狗。 A. intentionally 故意地; B. regretfully 后悔地; C. immediately 立刻地; D. unwillingly 不情愿地。根据后文 “after repeated requests by her son” 可知, Botero 不太愿意让儿子养狗,所以此处需用副词 unwillingly 不情愿地。故选 D 。
5 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:同上。 A. adopt 领养; B. train 训练; C. adore 崇拜,爱慕; D. walk 行走。根据前文 “He was accepted into the family 4 by Ms Botero ” 可知, Botero 不太愿意让儿子养狗。故选 A 。
6 .考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:但是 Botero 女士很快就爱上了这只狗。 A. got away 离开; B. kept in touch 保持联系; C. caught up 赶上; D. fell in love 爱上。根据后文 “And when she opened a mini-market four years ago, he started to accompany her to make deliveries.” 和空前转折连词 but 可知, Botero 女士喜欢上了小狗 Roby 。故选 D 。
7 .考查名词词义辨析。句意: Roby 看不懂地址。 A. minds 思想; B. addresses 地址; C. numbers 号码; D. receipts 收据。根据前文 “he started to accompany her to make deliveries.” 和常识可知,因为是狗去送货,不认识字,所以看不懂地址。故选 B 。
8 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以,我把货物连同收据放在篮子里寄出去,我的客户通过银行汇款给我。 A. treat 对待,款待; B. help 帮助; C. pay 付款; D. impress 给 …… 留下印象。根据空后 “ me through a bank transfer( 转账;转移 ).” 可知,此处指转账付款。故选 C 。
9 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意: Roby 可能不知道他已经成为一个必不可少的 “ 工人 ” 。 A. essential 必不可少的,重要的; B. honest 诚实的; C. optimistic 乐观的; D. adventurous 冒险的。因为 Roby 帮 Ms Botero 送货,所以他已经成了一个必不可少的 “ 工人 ” 。故选 A 。
1 0 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:但他很乐意帮助他的主人和领取他的日常工资。 A. spend 花费; B. calculate 计算; C. collect 领取,收集; D. increase 增加。根据前文描述可知,人们会给 Roby 一些食物作为小费,所以此处指他会领取他的日常报酬。故选 C 。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力;适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51.. |
52. with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53. old men’s premature death. • When 54. from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55. activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56. to them. • Think about how to57. depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58., to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59.to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60. social life. |