根据语境，选择下框中的单词或者短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个多余的单词或短语。
| determine; recommend; confidence; rent; quit; economy; even though; concentrate on; be responsible for; take control of |
11 ． Teenagers might ______ their behaviour.
12 ． We should not mind what others say so long as we are ______ about what we have done.
13 ． If you want to get into a good college, you really need to ______ your school work.
14 ． It is strongly ______ that you write your feelings down in a diary at the end of a school day.
15 ． Things have been running smoothly ever since Sarah ______ the project.
16 ． It’s ______ to buy a used car because it’s cheaper.
17 ． It’s really fun to watch Eileen Gu’s competition ______ I’m not a skiing fan.
18 ． The important thing in life is to have a great goal, and the ______ to reach it.
be responsible for 12 ． confident 13 ． concentrate on 14 ． recommended 15 ． took control of 16 ． economical 17 ． even though 18 ． determination
【解析】 11 ．考查形容词短语。句意：青少年可能要对自己的行为负责。根据 “their behaviour” 可知，是对行为负责， be responsible for 表示 “ 对 …… 负责 ” ，情态动词后用动词原形。故填 be responsible for 。
12 ．考查形容词。句意：只要对自己所做的事情有信心，别人说什么我们都不介意。 be 动词后用形容词做表语。根据 “We should not mind what others say” 可知，这是自信（名词 confidence ）的表现， “ 自信的 ”confident ，故填 confident 。
13 ．考查动词短语。句意：如果你想进入一所好大学，你真的需要集中精力在你的学业上。 need to do sth. 表示需要做某事，根据 “If you want to get into a good college” 可知，集中精力在学业才能考上好大学， “ 集中精力 ” 是 concentrate on 。故填 concentrate on 。
14 ．考查过去分词。句意：强烈建议你在放学后把自己的感受写在日记里。根据 “you write your feelings down in a diary at the end of a school day” 可知，这是建议（动词 recommend ）做的事情， it is recommended that 表示建议，用过去分词，故填 recommended 。
15 ．考查动词短语。句意：自从萨拉接管这个项目以来，一切都很顺利。 since 引导状语从句，从句用一般过去时， Sarah 缺少谓语动词，根据 “Things have been running smoothly” 可知，这是 Sarah 接手后一切顺利， take control of 表示接管，故填 took control of 。
16 ．考查形容词。句意：买一辆二手车比较经济，因为它比较便宜。 be 动词后用形容词做表语，根据 “buy a used car because it’s cheaper” 可知，二手车更便宜，名词 economy ( 经济 ) ，所以是 “ 经济实惠的 ” 形容词 economical ，故填 economical 。
17 ．考查连接词。句意：虽然我不是滑雪迷，但看谷爱玲的比赛真的很有趣。前后是让步关系。用 even though 引导让步状语从句，表示 “ 虽然、即使 ” ，故填 even though 。
18 ．考查名词。句意：人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并下定决心去实现它。冠词 the 后用名词，根据 “have a great goal, and the” 可知，是实现目标的决心，动词 determine ( 决定 ) ，名词 determination ( 决心 ) 。故填 determination 。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力；适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51．. |
| 52． with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53． old men’s premature death. • When 54． from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
| Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55． activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56． to them. • Think about how to57． depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58．, to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
| Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59．to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60． social life. |