选词填空
| think... through; smooth out; take advantage of; shoot up; make it; draw...out of...; make it; at a loss; |
24 ． Building such a bridge over the bay was a hard nut to crack, but the local government ______ within two years.
25 ． ______ your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities.
26 ． Detectives are so far ______ to explain the reason for his death.
27 ． They were turned down because they hadn’t ______ the policy ______ ahead of time.
28 ． They finally ______ all the difficulties and made a big breakthrough.
made it 25 ． Take advantage of 26 ． at a loss 27 ． thought through 28 ． smoothed out
【解析】 24 ．考查固定短语和时态。句意：在海湾上建造这样一座桥是件难事，但当地政府在两年之内就建成了。 but 表转折，因此句子表示 “ 在海湾上建造这样一座桥是件难事，但当地政府在两年之内就建成了 ” ，空格处意为 “ 成功，做到 ” ，是固定短语 make it ，由 was 可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填 made it 。
25 ．考查固定短语和祈使句。句意：好好利用你的班级，向你的老师和同学学习，并充分利用我们学校的设施。由 “learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities” 可知，句子表示 “ 好好利用你的班级，向你的老师和同学学习，并充分利用我们学校的设施 ” ，空格处意为 “ 利用 ” ，是固定短语 take advantage of ，句子是祈使句，空格处用动词原形，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填 Take advantage of 。
26 ．考查固定短语。句意：侦探们到目前为止还无法解释他的死因。由 “to explain the reason for his death” 可知，句子表示 “ 侦探们到目前为止还无法解释他的死因 ” ，空格处意为 “ 不知所措，困惑 ” ，是固定短语 at a loss ，故填 at a loss 。
27 ．考查固定短语和时态。句意：他们被拒绝了，因为他们没有事先想清楚这项政策。由 “They were turned down” 可知，句子表示 “ 他们被拒绝了，因为他们没有事先想清楚这项政策 ” ，空格处意为 “ 彻底地想清楚 ” ，是固定短语 think... through ，由 were 可知，句子时态是一般过去时， think 用过去式 thought 。故填 thought ， through 。
28 ．考查固定短语和时态。句意：他们终于克服了所有的困难，取得了重大突破。由 “made a big breakthrough” 可知，句子表示 “ 他们终于克服了所有的困难，取得了重大突破 ” ，空格处意为 “ 消除 ” ，是固定短语 smooth out ，由 made 可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处动词是过去式，故填 smoothed out 。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力；适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51．. |
| 52． with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53． old men’s premature death. • When 54． from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
| Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55． activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56． to them. • Think about how to57． depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58．, to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
| Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59．to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60． social life. |