高中英语2022年全国乙卷英语真题（不含听力）含解析

1.

Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.

However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .

For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” ( 自我中心的 ) creatures. But our 5 research results in child developmental psychology 6 that idea.

We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC ． Each 7 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 8 . We then asked the child if she could 9 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 10 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 11 children said that they couldn’t 12 to her.

A number of 13 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 14 the questions and knew 15 what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true 17 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 18 mutual ( 相互的 ) recognition and regard. Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 20 when others use it.

1 ． A ． following B ． taking C ． escaping D ． directing

2 ． A ． clever B ． bad C ． scared D ． quick

3 ． A ． exposed B ． examined C ． untouched D ． imbalanced

4 ． A ． supported B ． guaranteed C ． imagined D ． interpreted

5 ． A ． disappointing B ． mixed C ． surprising D ． desired

6 ． A ． explained B ． confirmed C ． contradicted D ． tested

7 ． A ． parent B ． child C ． researcher D ． doctor

8 ． A ． feet B ． nose C ． hands D ． ears

9 ． A ． see B ． help C ． reach D ． fool

10 ． A ． event B ． thing C ． action D ． accident

11 ． A ． Yet B ． Now C ． Soon D ． Once

12 ． A ． speak B ． listen C ． turn D ． wave

13 ． A ． instructions B ． descriptions C ． experiments D ． assumptions

14 ． A ． comprehended B ． predicted C ． explored D ． ignored

15 ． A ． partly B ． honestly C ． vaguely D ． exactly

16 ． A ． responses B ． approaches C ． contribution D ． sensitivity

17 ． A ． ability B ． belief C ． identity D ． purpose

18 ． A ． hold back B ． relate to C ． insist on D ． make up

19 ． A ． limitations B ． requirements C ． theories D ． findings

20 ． A ． tentative B ． impressive C ． creative D ． effective

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【答案】

C 2 ． B 3 ． A 4 ． D 5 ． C 6 ． C 7 ． B 8 ． D 9 ． A 10 ． B 11 ． B 12 ． A 13 ． C 14 ． A 15 ． D 16 ． A 17 ． B 18 ． C 19 ． D 20 ． D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。

1 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。 A. following 跟随； B. taking 取走； C. escaping 避开； D. directing 指导。根据上文 “Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.” （全球的孩子们享受玩捉迷藏的游戏）可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选 C 项。

2 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。 A. clever 聪明的； B. bad 不擅长的； C. scared 害怕的； D. quick 快的。根据下文 “They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies” （他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童不擅长隐藏， be bad at sth. 表示 “ 不擅长某事 ” 。故选 B 项。

3 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。 A. exposed 无遮蔽的； B. examined 已检查过的； C. untouched 未受影响的； D. imbalanced 失衡的。根据上文 “They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies” （他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选 A 项。

4 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的 “ 自我中心 ” 生物的证据。 A. supported 支持； B. guaranteed 保证； C. imagined 想象； D. interpreted 解释。根据本句中的 that 从句内容 “evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.” 并结合上文语境可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选 D 项。

5 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。 A. disappointing 令人失望的； B. mixed 混合的； C. surprising 令人惊讶的； D. desired 渴望的。根据下文 “Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.” （我们的 19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前孩子们自我中心的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选 C 项。

6 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。 A. explained 解释； B. confirmed 证实； C. contradicted 相矛盾； D. tested 测试。根据下文 “Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.” （我们的 19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选 C 项。

7 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。 A. parent 父母亲； B. child 儿童； C. researcher 研究员； D. doctor 医生。根据上文 “We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.” （我们把一些 2 到 4 岁的孩子带到我们在 USC 的思维发展实验室）可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选 B 项。

8 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。 A. feet 脚； B. nose 鼻子； C. hands 手； D. ears 耳朵。根据下文 “We then asked the child if she could 9 or or hear the adult” （我们之后问孩子是否能或者听到大人的声音）可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选 D 项。

9 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。 A. see 看见； B. help 帮助； C. reach 到达； D. fool 欺骗。根据上文 “Each 7 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 8 .” （每个孩子和遮住了眼睛和耳朵的大人坐在一起）可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选 A 项。

10 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。 A. event 大事； B. thing 事情； C. action 行动； D. accident 事故。根据下文 “children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.” ( 此刻孩子们说他们不能和她 _12_) 可知，发生了与前面孩子们不能看见大人类似的事情，即孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选 B 项。

11 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。 A. Yet 然而； B. Now 此刻； C. Soon 很快； D. Once 一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，此刻孩子们说不能和成年人说话了，强调当下。故选 B 项。

12 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。 A. speak 说； B. listen 听； C. turn 转； D. wave 挥手。根据上文 “when the adult covered her own mouth” ( 大人的嘴巴被盖住了 ) 可知，由于盖住的是嘴巴，因此同样的事情则是孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选 A 项。

13 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。 A. instructions 命令； B. descriptions 说明； C. experiments 实验； D. assumptions 假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选 C 项。

14 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。 A. comprehended 理解； B. predicted 预测； C. explored 探索； D. ignored 忽略。根据下文 “ and knew _15_ what was asked of them” （我们年轻的主人公们理解了问题并且知道自己被问了什么）可知，只有先理解了才能能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选 A 项。

15 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。 A. partly 部分地； B. honestly 诚实地； C. vaguely 含糊地； D. exactly 确切地。根据下文 “Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”( 他们的 16 反映了他们真实的 _17_) 可知，只有确切地知道自己被问了什么，才能说他们的答案反映他们真实的看法。故选 D 项。

16 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法： “ 只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。 ”A. responses 回答； B. approaches 方法； C. contribution 贡献； D. sensitivity 敏感性。根据上文可知，正是通过对孩子们进行提问来进行的，孩子们自然要对问题做出回答和回应可知，此处指孩子们对于问题的回答。故选 A 项。

17 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法： “ 只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。 ”A. ability 能力； B. belief 看法； C. identity 身份； D. purpose 目的。根据上下文可知这个在思维实验室进行的实验的目的正是为了研究孩子们的思维方式，通过回答与大人的互动有关的问题，他们的回答反映的他们的真正的看法。故选 B 项。

18 ．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。 A. hold back 阻止； B. relate to 有关联； C. insist on 坚持； D. make up 弥补。根据上文 “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” （只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你）可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选 C 项。

19 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子 “ 隐藏 ” 时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。 A. limitations 限制； B. requirements 必要条件； C. theories 理论； D. findings 检验发现。根据上文 “We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.” （我们把一些 2 到 4 岁的孩子带到我们在 USC 的思维发展实验室）可知，结合前文讲了实验的一些经过可知，此处表示实验的研究发现，故选 D 项。

20 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。 A. tentative 实验性的； B. impressive 令人印象深刻的； C. creative 创造性的； D. effective 有效的。根据上文 “They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.” （他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重）可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，他们自己使用这种方法，所以当其他人也使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选 D 项。

【点睛】

2.

Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)

The Exhibition

This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.

Lecture Series

Scottish National Portrait ( 肖像画 ) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.

An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15:00

DUNCAN THOMSON

Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13:10

JUDY EGERTON

Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits

Thursday 6 Nov., 13:10

NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON

Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century

Thursday 13 Nov., 13:10

MARTIN POSTLE

Exhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45

Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.

Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.

Admission

£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.

Schools and Colleges

A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.

21 ． What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries?

A ． Sun. 26 Oct. B ． Thurs. 30 Oct. C ． Thurs. 6 Nov. D ． Thurs.13 Nov.

22 ． How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?

A ． £4. B ． £8. C ． £12. D ． £16.

23 ． How can full-time students get group discounts?

A ． They should go on Sunday mornings. B ． They should come from art schools.

C ． They must be led by teachers. D ． They must have ID cards with them.

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知识点：学校生活

使用次数：242

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【答案】

B 22 ． B 23 ． C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利 · 雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。

21 ．细节理解题。根据文章第二个小标题中表格右上角 Raeburn’s English Contemporaries 部分 “Thursday 30 Oct. (10 月 30 日星期四 )” 可知，在 10 月 30 日星期四可以去参加 Raeburn’s English Contemporaries 。故选 B 项。

22 ．细节理解题。根据文章第四个小标题 Admission 部分 “£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4 英镑。 12 岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场 )” 可知，一对夫妇应付 4+4=8 英镑，两个 12 岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为 8 英镑。故选 B 项。

23 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段 “A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.( 所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人 2 英镑的特别低入场费 )” 可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选 C 项。

【点睛】

3.

In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.

Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.

They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.

In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed ( 牵涉 ) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.

Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism ( 坚忍 ) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”

24 ． Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?

A ． To teach in a school. B ． To study American history.

C ． To write a book. D ． To do sightseeing.

25 ． What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?

A ． They enjoyed much respect. B ． They had a room with a bathtub.

C ． They lived with the local kids. D ． They suffered severe hardships.

26 ． Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?

A ． The extreme climate of Auburn. B ． The living conditions in Elkhead.

C ． The railroad building in the Rockies. D ． The natural beauty of the West.

27 ． What is the text?

A ． A news report. B ． A book review. C ． A children’s story. D ． A diary entry.

难度：

知识点：家庭、朋友与周围的人

使用次数：160

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【答案】

A 25 ． D 26 ． C 27 ． B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一则书评，简要介绍了 Dorothy Wickenden 的书籍并对其进行了评价。

24 ．细节理解题。根据第一段 “In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916 年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩 ——Dorothy Woodruff 和 Rosamond Underwood—— 来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书 )” 可知， Dorothy 和 Rosamond 去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选 A 项。

25 ．推理判断题。根据第三段 “They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.( 他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪 )” 以及 “In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.( 在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上 )” 可推知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们的生活饱受磨难。故选 D 项。

26 ．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.( 令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉 )” 可知， Wickenden 的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选 C 项。

27 ．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.( 这本书以 Rosamond 和 Dorothy 回到奥本结束 )” 以及最后一段 “Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden 是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品 )” 可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden 的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选 B 项。

【点睛】

4.

Can a small group of drones ( 无人机 ) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure ( 基础设施 ) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient ( 高效 ) across the board.

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.

By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

28 ． What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?

A ． The use of drones in checking on power lines. B ． Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.

C ． The reduction of cost in designing drones. D ． Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.

29 ． What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?

A ． Personnel safety. B ． Assistance from drones.

C ． Inspection and repair. D ． Construction of infrastructure.

30 ． What function is expected of the rail drones?

A ． To provide early warning. B ． To make trains run automatically.

C ． To earn profits for the crews. D ． To accelerate transportation.

31 ． Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A ． What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones

B ． How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded

C ． What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face

D ． How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways

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【答案】

B 29 ． C 30 ． A 31 ． D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的 “ 空中之眼 ” 的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。

28 ．推理判断题。根据文章第二段 “Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.( 无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置 )” 可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选 B 。

29 ．词句猜测题。根据后文 “It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. ( 据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为 200 亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施 )” 可知，花在 maintenance 上的费用是用于 “inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施 ” 。由此可知 “That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety” 是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C 项： Inspection and repair( 检修 ) 含义相近。故选 C 。

30 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.( 带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。凭借它们的预见能力，它们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应 )” 可推知，对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选 A 。

31 ．主旨大意题。根据第一段 “Can a small group of drones( 无人机 )guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure( 基础设施 )worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.( 一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的 “ 空中之眼 ” 技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。 )” 以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能 ; 第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以 D 项 “ 无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。 ” 符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选 D 。

【点睛】

5.

The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.

First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity ( 肥胖 ). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.

Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.

It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers ( 制造商 ) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.

However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.

Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities ( 设施 ) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.

32 ． Why was the sugar tax introduced?

A ． To collect money for schools. B ． To improve the quality of drinks.

C ． To protect children’s health. D ． To encourage research in education.

33 ． How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?

A ． They turned to overseas markets. B ． They raised the prices of their products.

C ． They cut down on their production. D ． They reduced their products’ sugar content.

34 ． From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?

A ． Most alcoholic drinks. B ． Milk-based drinks. C ． Fruit juices. D ． Classic Coke.

35 ． What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?

A ． It is a short-sighted decision. B ． It is a success story.

C ． It benefits manufacturers. D ． It upsets customers.

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【答案】

C 33 ． D 34 ． D 35 ． B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。

32 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.( 该税于 2016 年 4 月首次宣布，适用于每 100 毫升含糖超过 5g 的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖 )” 可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选 C 项。

33 ．细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.( 此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税 )” 可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选 D 项。

34 ．细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.( 然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到 100 万升的小公司也是免税的 )” 可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选 D 项。

35 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.( 根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑 )” 可知，糖税政策带来了积极影响。由此推知，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选 B 项。

【点睛】