Researcher Ramon Llopis of the University of Valencia is a member of the international group behind Football Research in an Enlarged Europe (FREE), the aim of which is to develop a better understanding of football as a social and cultural phenomenon in Europe. The starting point is the “strong belief that football has important things to say about Europe and its citizens”.
Llopis tells us that the research points to football as “an important presence in the daily lives of many Europeans. Even people who are not particularly interested in the sport cannot avoid the discussions it creates regardless of age, class and region.” He adds that “football is more than an activity which is done for enjoyment. It increases a sense of collective identity (集体认同).”
Football is a topic of exchange and conversation between Europeans of different ages and social classes. Based on the surveys carried out in the early stages of the project, 63.3%of people who call themselves football fans have chatted about football with someone from another European country in the past twelve months, 70%of football fans watch matches and summaries from leagues (联赛) outside of their country of origin, and 53.4% habitually follow the results and news from other European leagues on the Internet and social media.
So, rather than consider professional football as an economic activity or a healthy activity for both players and fans, public authorities should be aware of its huge socio-cultural impact. They should also pay attention to the increasing bad feeling surrounding football as a result of its commercialization (商业化), since it is causing many to turn away from the game.
1.What can we learn about FREE from Paragraph 1?
A.It studies the impact of football on world culture.
B.It educates the public about the history of football.
C.It brings together researchers from several countries.
D.It is a project carried out by the University of Valencia.
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The history of football. B.The power of football.
C.The growth of football. D.The standard of football.
3.How does the author explain that football is a big part of Europeans' conversation?
A.By using research findings. B.By providing examples
C.By telling true stories. D.By following the order of time.
4.What’s the author’s attitude to the future of football in Europe?
A.Hopeful. B.Uncertain. C.Satisfied. D.Worried.
1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Researcher Ramon Llopis of the University of Valencia is a member of the international group behind Football Research in an Enlarged Europe (FREE), the aim of which is to develop a better understanding of football as a social and cultural phenomenon in Europe.”可知,来自University of Valencia(瓦伦西亚大学)的研究员Ramon Llopis是国际团体FREE的一员,这个组织的目的是让人们更好地理解足球是欧洲的一种社会文化现象。瓦伦西亚大学是西班牙的一所大学,且FREE是一个国际团体,由此我们可以推断出FREE是汇集了来自几个国家的研究人员共同进行研究。故选C项。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“Llopis tells us that the research points to football as “an important presence in the daily lives of many Europeans.”可知,研究指出足球是许多欧洲人日常生活中的重要的存在。再根据第二段关键句“He adds that “football is more than an activity which is done for enjoyment. It increases a sense of collective identity (集体认同).”可知,足球不仅仅是一种娱乐活动,它也增加了集体认同感。由此可推断出,本段主要讲的是足球的力量。故选B项。
3.细节理解题。第三段关键句“Based on the surveys carried out in the early stages of the project”意为“基于项目早期阶段进行的调查”,再根据第三段中列举的调查数据63.3%of people(63.3%的人),70%of football fans(70%的足球迷)和53.4% habitually follow the results(53.4%的人习惯性的关注比赛结果和新闻)可知,作者通过利用研究成果来解释足球是欧洲人对话中的重要的部分。故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“They should also pay attention to the increasing bad feeling surrounding football as a result of its commercialization (商业化), since it is causing many to turn away from the game.”可知,公共权威部门应该注意由于足球商业化,人们对足球的感觉越来越不好,因为这会让许多人对这项运动产生反感。由此可推断出,作者对足球商业化带来的负面影响是担心的,对欧洲足球的未来是担心的,worried意为“担心的”。故选D项。
日常生活类阅读的概念:
日常生活这一话题主要涉及人们衣食住行等方面的活动。这一话题的选材主要针对人们日常的工作,生活以及学习情况。做这一类题时,最主要的是要把握好人物的活动内容,时间和地点。
日常生活类阅读题答题技巧:
【题型说明】
该类文章内容涉及到人们的言谈举止、生活习惯、饮食起居、服饰仪表、恋爱婚姻、消遣娱乐、节日起源、家庭生活等。文章篇幅短小,追根溯源,探索各项风俗的历史渊源,内容有趣。命题也以送分题为主,如事实细节题、语义转换题、词义猜测题和简单推理判断题等。虽然这类文章读起来感觉轻松,试题做起来比较顺手,但绝不能掉以轻心。因为稍不留神,就会丢分。
【备考提醒】
为了保证较高准确率,建议同学们做好以下几点:
1、保持正常的考试心态。笔者在教学中发现,越是容易的试题,同学们越是容易失分。为什么呢?因为在这种情况下,同学们极易产生麻痹思想,认为题目好做,就不引起高度重视,于是思维不发散、不周密。而命题人就是利用同学们的这一弱点,设计陷阱题。所以,无论试题难易与否,我们都要保持正常的考试心态。试题容易,不欣喜;试题难,不悲观。
2、根据前面讲到的方法,认认真真、细细心心做好事实细节题。
3、做好语义转换题。这类题是根据英语中一词多义和某些词语在文中能表达一定的修辞意义的原则而设计的。要求同学们解释某生词的含义,确定多义词或短语在文中的意思,确认文中的某个代词所指代的对象,或者对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语进行解释。这种题要求同学们一定要根据上下文猜测词义或理解句子,切不可望文生义。
4、做好简单推理判断题。简单推理判断题要以表面文字为前提,以具体事实为依据进行推理,做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接,只要弄清事实,即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。
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A. Reasons that employers use tests B. Procedures involved in recruitment’ C. Hints to follow while taking tests D. Disadvantages of interviews for recruitment E. Importance of interview F. Adoption of psychological tests to hire employees |
80. |
Nowadays more and more foreign enterprises and companies are no longer relying on interviews for recruitment. Years of studying interviewing has made clear that it is not a very objective process. Personnel officers often hire the person they like best or even the one they think most physically attractive. Looking good is no guarantee of doing the job well.
81. |
To get a more objective view, many companies are also using psychological tests, to hire both for relatively routine job and for positions at senior levels of management. It is impossible to say how many employers use tests, but estimates of test sales in the
82. |
Recruitment can involve steps in two ways. Step 1 is always the same: job application. The company decides whether you might be suitable based on your qualifications and your previous job experience. Step 2 can be screening. A specific test is given at this stage to rule out those who might not be worth interviewing. Some large employers use tests ---especially IQ based tests precisely to eliminate the unsuitable. Only those who pass Step 2 go to the interview. Step 2 can also be testing and interview combined. If the company thinks you might be suitable after looking at your application, they ask you to come to be tested and to be interviewed. It is seen very much as part of the same step.
83. |
Tests claim to be scientific and objective. A large body of research has shown that interviews by themselves are not very reliable as a method of selection. People’s judgments are often very subjective: whether they like the look of someone counts for more than almost anything else. But reliable and valid tests can offer rapid and more objective information about would-be employees. If a candidate talks well in an interview but his test results suggest that he is a careless person who cannot concentrate, and employer is likely to think twice about hiring him.
84. |
Taking a serious test for a job is rather different form taking a game-like test. You can spend just a little time answering questions of that kind of test, and you can deny the answers and say they are not accurate. But you can not go to a serious test without enough preparation since you can not afford to be denied and eliminated again and again. What can you do to do justice to yourself in tests? Here are three tips: Understand, Analyze, Practice.