The Secure Child
By Stanley Greenspan, M. D．
Publisher: Da Capo Press & Reprint Press
Print list price: £5.99
Kindle price: £ 2.99, save £3.00
In this book, Dr. Stanley Greenspan offers a set of guiding principles to help parents of children —from preschoolers to teenagers — so that they feel secure in their homes, their schools, and in the society at large.
Building Healthy Minds
By Stanley Greenspan, M. D．& Nancy Lewis
Publisher： Da Capo Press
Print list price： £ 7.99
Kindle price： £ 4. 49, save £ 3.50
The book applies Dr. Greenspan' s developmental theories to a child' s everyday life 一 with practical, delightful observations and advice. Every parent wants to raise a bright, happy, and moral child, but until Stanley Greenspan did much research on the building blocks of such qualities, no one could show parents how and when these qualities begin.
The Learning Tree
By Stanley Greenspan, M. D．& Nancy Thorndike Greenspan
Publisher： Da Capo Press
Print list price： £ 11.99
Kindle price: £ 7. 99, save £ 4.00
Using the metaphor（隐喻）of a tree, Dr. Stanley Greenspan explains that the roots represent how children take in the world through what they hear, see, smell, and touch. The trunk represents thinking skills through which children grow both academically and socially. The branches represent children's basic abilities to read, write, do math, and organize their work.
The Challenging Child
By Stanley Greenspan, M. D．& Jacqueline Salmon
Publisher: Da Capo Press
Print list price： £ 5.99
Kindle price： £ 4.24, save £ 1.75
Most children fall into five basic types that come from inborn physical characteristics: the sensitive child, the self-absorbed child, the defiant （反叛的）child, the inattentive child, and the aggressive child. Stanley Greenspan, M. D．is the first to show parents how to match their parenting to the challenges of their particular child.
1．Which book saves most on its Kindle edition?
A．The Secure Child B．Building Healthy Minds
C．The Learning Tree D．The Challenging Child
2．What common theme do the four books carry?
A．The types of children. B．Children's learning abilities.
C．Advice on educating children. D．Children's moral development.
3．What can we know about Stanley Greenspan?
A．He wrote the four books on his own.
B．He’s the first to study children's types.
C．He has been working hard in Da Capo Press’
D．He based Building Healthy Minds on his study.
1．C
2．C
3．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。本文章主要向读者推荐了几款著名的书籍，并对该书的主要内容、作者、出版社以及不同包装的价格进行了介绍。
1．细节理解题。根据文章The Secure Child-Kindle price: £ 2.99, save £3.00;Building Healthy Minds-Kindle price: £ 4. 49, save £ 3.50;The Learning Tree-Kindle price: £ 7. 99, save £ 4.00;The Challenging Child-Kindle price: £ 4.24, save £ 1.75.由此可知，这4本书里，The Learning Tree这本书的Kindle版本节约的钱最多，可以节约4美元，故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章The Secure Child中的Dr. Stanley Greenspan offers a set of guiding principles to help parents of children -from preschoolers to teenagers - so that they feel secure in their homes, their schools, and in the society at large.在这本书中，斯坦利•格林斯潘博士提出了一套指导原则，帮助从学龄前儿童到青少年的父母，让他们在家里、学校和整个社会感到安全；Building Healthy Minds中的The book applies Dr. Greenspan' s developmental theories to a child' s everyday life 一 with practical, delightful observations and advice.这本书将格林斯潘博士的发展理论应用到孩子的日常生活中--是用实际的、令人愉快的观察和建议。The Learning Tree中的-Using the metaphor（隐喻）of a tree, Dr. Stanley Greenspan explains that the roots represent how children take in the world through what they hear, see, smell, and touch. The trunk represents thinking skills through which children grow both academically and socially. The branches represent children's basic abilities to read, write, do math, and organize their work.斯坦利•格林斯潘博士用一棵树的比喻解释道，树的根代表了孩子们是如何通过他们所听到的、看到的、闻到的和触摸到的东西进入这个世界的.树干代表了孩子们学习和社交的思维能力.树枝代表了孩子们阅读的基本能力写，做数学，组织他们的工作；The Challenging Child中的Most children fall into five basic types that come from inborn physical characteristics: the sensitive child, the self-absorbed child, the defiant （反叛的）child, the inattentive child, and the aggressive child. Stanley Greenspan, M. D. is the first to show parents how to match their parenting to the challenges of their particular child.大多数孩子分为五种基本类型，：敏感的孩子、自私的孩子、反叛的孩子、粗心的孩子，和积极的孩子.斯坦利•格林斯潘，医学博士，是第一个向父母展示如何使他们的教育方法来应对他们特定的孩子的人。可知，这4本书相同的地方在于都针对孩子的教育，为父母提供了相应的一些方法，结合选项，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据Building Healthy Minds中的Every parent wants to raise a bright, happy, and moral child, but until Stanley Greenspan did much research on the building blocks of such qualities, no one could show parents how and when these qualities begin.和The Challenging Child中的Stanley Greenspan, M. D. is the first to show parents how to match their parenting to the challenges of their particular child. 可知，Stanley Greenspan非常注重孩子的思想教育，把健康的思想建立在学习的基础上，故选D。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力；适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51．. |
| 52． with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53． old men’s premature death. • When 54． from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
| Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55． activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56． to them. • Think about how to57． depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58．, to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
| Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59．to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60． social life. |